Pre hospital care and clinical practice in civilian life is not a new idea, in fact it is has been around in one form or another for roughly 200 years. Its foundations lie in the military. During the Napoleonic wars with a French surgeon named Dominique-Jean Larrey. (1) Pre hospital care has come a long way from hauling fallen soldiers off the battlefield in a horse drawn carriage (1) to transporting patients in a different kind of carriage, a four wheel drive one to be precise. Pre hospital care and clinical practice owes many of its advancements in the 200 years since it has existed to the military. Their practices or research conducted during military conflicts has influenced civilian pre hospital care and clinical practice in the areas of triage systems, transport systems, clinical management, equipment and education to name but a few, but where it has had the most influence has been on the transport systems and clinical practices used. Their uses in the military pre hospital care world have worked particularly well in the civilian world. As a result of such they have been adapted by civilian paramedics quite readily.
Helicopters were first used as an ambulance in the sky during the Korean War (1950-53) (2). But it wasn’t until the late 70’s and early 80’s that helicopters were used in civilian pre hospital care (3). They were introduced to transport people living in remote communities deep in the outback to hospital, to receive the care that they needed but lacked in their rural community. Helicopters are also perhaps more importantly used for transporting patients who have suffered severe trauma or are seriously ill to hospital as they provide a quicker method of transport than the conventional road ambulance. This speed i...
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Mercy Flight WNY (n.d.). History of Medevac. Retrieved March 2014, from http://www.mercyflight.org/content/pages/medevac
Meredith, J.W (2008, May). The Lack Of Hospital Emergency Surge Capacity: Will The Administration's Medicaid Regulations Make It Worse? Presented at The House Committee On Oversight And Government Reform. Retrieved March 2014, from http://www.facs.org/ahp/testimony/meredith0508.html Queensland Ambulance Service (2011). Clinical Practice Procedures – Trauma (version 1.0). Retrieved from https://ambulance.qld.gov.au/docs/09_cpp_trauma_030912.pdf
Royal Flying Doctor Service (2014). Our History | Royal Flying Doctor Service. Retrieved March 2014, from http://www.flyingdoctor.org.au/About-Us/Our-History/
Schmidt, M. S. (2014, January 19). Reviving a Life Saver, the Tourniquet. The New York Times [New York], p. D3.
The Army Health System (AHS) is a component of the Military Health System that’s responsible for the operational management of medical support for training, predeployment, deployment, and postdeployment operations. The AHS is comprised of ten medical functions: mission command, medical treatment (organic and area), hospitalization, evacuation, medical logistics, preventative services, veterinary services, dental services, mental health, and medical laboratory services.The missions of health service support (HSS) and force health protection (FHP) are aligned under two Army warfighting functions: sustainment and protection. HSS falls under the sustainment function, and FHP under protection. At the maneuver unit level, medical support is defined by two Roles: Role I, which is unit-level health care and combat medics, and Role II, which
Niles, N. J. (2011). Basics of the U.S. health care system. Sudbury, MA: Jones and Bartlett.
Medicaid is a broken system that is largely failing to serve its beneficiary’s needs. Despite its chronic failures to deliver quality health care, Medicaid is seemingly running up a gigantic tab for tax payers (Frogue, 2003). Medicaid’s budget woes are secondary to its insignificant structure, leaving its beneficiaries with limited choices, when arranging for their own health care. Instead, regulations are set in order to drive costs down; instead of allowing Medicaid beneficiaries free rein to choose whom they will seek care from (Frogue, 2003)
The history of how Surgical Technologists began on the battlefields in World War II, when the Army used medics to work under the direct supervision of the surgeon, nurses were not allowed aboard combat ships at time, this led to a new profession within the military called Operating Room Technicians (ORTs). An accelerated nursing program was form only on operating room technology was set up as an on the job training of nursing assistants who worked in the surgery department, th...
What Seems To Be The Problem? A discussion of the current problems in the U.S. healthcare system.
Delaney JS, Drummond R. Mass casualty and triage at a sporting event. Br J Sport Med 2002;36:85-88
The EMS system goes back to the Crusades in the 11th century. The Knights of St. John were instructed by Arab and Greek doctors for first-aid treatment. The Knights were the first medical responders of that time, treating both sides of the war. The injured were taken to tents to be treated further. In 1792, the chief physician in Napoleons Army, Baron Dominique-Jean Larrey, designed and created the “flying ambulance”, which was a special type of carriage staffed with a group of medical personnel made to access every part of the battlefield. Then, in 1797, he also instituted the first pre-hospital system designed to triage and transport the wounded in the field to proper aid stations. Larrey’s actions and groundbreaking ideas helped increase the chances for survival among wounded soldiers and ultimately benefitted Napoleon’s conquest efforts.
The use MEDEVAC in the U.S. Army has been in place since the Korean War, it was used to transport soldiers when wounded on the battlefields back to the CASHs and MASH units for immediate care. The pilots, medics, crewmembers, nurses and flight surgeons that have flown and been assigned within these units are very proud of their service. The demanding schedules, fast reaction times and service these crews experience create a tight knit unit. Through the modernization (that the army started pushing in 2005) to realign aviation assets in Combat Aviation Brigades (CABs) has caused a substantial loss of historical identification for these units.
Current patient transportation frameworks exist both as a component of medicinal practices and healing facilities and as stand-alone organizations. There is an extraordinary requirement for the transportation of certain patient populaces. An audit of the writing shows the requirement for patient transportation is far reaching and has been perceived for quite a while. A great part of the writing concentrates on transportation of the elderly, the impaired, or the distraught. On account of the immense need, numerous human services associations have joined this administration into their business in some manner. Patient transportation was initially centered around getting a basically sick or fundamentally harmed tolerant starting with one place then onto the next for quick lifesaving care. This is known as crisis therapeutic transportation is still the most imperative type of patient transportation.
Medical evacuation is shortend to MedEvac Operation and has been a part of Military History for many years. This is for Soldiers to receive medical care any where there may be an injured patient that may need to be evacuated from an accident to receive medical care and be taken to a facility where medical care is provided. The times have changed and also the mission, with better helicopters and better equipment. This provided better chances for personnel to survive, during the time of need. To many this is called the Army air ambulance. This covers the transfer of personnel from the battlefield to the hospital trauma center.
The Department of Homeland Security has devoted significant expertise and resources to support hospital emergency preparedness. Homeland Security’s National Incident Management System (NIMS) requires hospitals receiving funds to adopt standards consistent with their emergency plan. The Pandemic and All-Hazards Act of 2006 authorizes the Department of Health and Human Services to withhold emergency preparedness funds from hospitals that do not meet certain benchmark requirements. The Emergency Services Act authorizes the Governor during a “state of emergency” to suspend any regulatory statute, or statute prescribing the procedure for conduct of State business, o...
This was also the first time nurses were allowed to administer anesthetics to regular patients and soldiers who came right off the battlefield . This added tremendous value to the quality of care provided by the nurses and other medical staff during the war and also changed the speed by making the process faster that was required to keep up with all the wounded soldiers climbing in for treatment. According to the Army Nurse Corp Association, or the ANCA “American nurses served on shock, gas, orthopedic, and surgical specialty teams where they could be moved to the front lines in groups of five or six. These teams could help stabilize soldiers who otherwise would have to endure long evacuation processes to reach this type of care.” This changed the medical world when it came to surgeries. This meant surgeries that were fatal or impossible before the war suddenly became possible and less lethal because of the development of less toxic, morphine-derived anaesthesia type agents which helped reduce the amount of pain felt by the soldiers. This also allowed for safe surgeries because the tools and equipment that were used were cleaner which reduced infections, which in turn reduced the fatality rate of the soldiers and allowed for a cleaner more sanitary
The burden of providing uncompensated care, for which no payment is received from the patient or the insurer, carries an enormous financial liability for public hospitals. Costs of such services have skyrocketed from $3.1 billion to $45.9 billion in the past 30 years.3 As the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (PPACA) is implemented to overhaul the delivery of healthcare, uncertainties arise for public hospitals. It is likely that over 32 million people who are expected to gain coverage through PPACA by 2016 will seek care at their local public hospitals.4 Even if some of these patients decide to choose competing private providers, public hospitals must still be prepared for the other 23 million who are expected to remain uninsur...
The most frequently used methods like, mobilizing the patient physically, proper body mechanics and performing safe lifting methods were observed to be unhelpful in diminishing caretaker’s injuries. Evidence- based practices demonstrated that, we have to progress in utilizing methods like using devices or tools to mobilize patients, giving proper training for the use of modern equipment and, developing a safe patient handling committee, keeping in mind the end goal is to perform safe patient handling effectively. Consolidating every one of these resources will be helpful for medical caretakers and to the
First Aid and CPR are both lifesaving techniques used during a medical emergency. Believe it or not First Aid was discovered back in the eleventh century during the medieval times. First Aid was first provided by the religious knights. They provided First Aid to the pilgrims and to their knights. The knights were trained to provide first aid to their knights when they endured battle wounds from war. A few years after the religious knights discovered First Aid. “Four nations met in Geneva and they then formed the Red Cross, they aimed to aid the sick and wounded soldiers in the battle field”. (Association, Wikipedia.org, 2005) A lot of medical techniques were influenced from wars. For instance the American Civil War influenced Clara Burton to organize the American Red Cross. The aims of First Aid are to preserve life by minimizing the threat of death, Prevent further harm than what was already caused, and to promote recovery by starting the recovery process before receiving medical attention if needed. First Aid can be administered for a lot of medical issues with something as simple as a scrape on the knee, sprain, tooth ache, a bug bite, a burn, or splinters. To something severe like Seizures, Heavy Bleeding, Hypothermia, Poisoning, Heat stroke, Heart attack, Cardiac Arrest, Choking or having to administer CPR. Most public and work places have access to a First Aid Kit. The kit usually has band aids, burn cream, peroxide, gauze, antibiotic ointment, gloves, masks, medical tape, aspirin, roller bandage, tweezers, triangular bandages and a first aid instruction guide to help the person who is providing the First Aid. It is recommended that you have one located in your house and in your car, you can either buy one from the Red Cro...