History of Beer
Between 10,000 and 15,000 years ago, some humans discontinued their nomadic hunting and gathering and settled down to farm. Grain was the first domesticated crop that started that farming process.
The oldest proven records of brewing are about 6,000 years old and refer to the Sumerians. Sumeria lay between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers including Southern Mesopotamia. It is said that the Sumerians discovered the fermentation process by chance. No one knows today exactly how this occurred, but it could be that a piece of bread or grain became wet and a short time later, it began to ferment
The Sumerians were able to repeat this process and are assumed to be he first civilized culture to brew beer. They had discovered a "divine drink" which certainly was a gift from the gods.
The word beer comes from the Latin word bibere, meaning "to drink", and the Spanish word cerveza originates from the Greek goddess of agriculture, Ceres.
A vitamin-rich porridge, used daily, beer is reported to have increased health and longevity and reduced disease and malnutrition. The self-medicating properties of alcohol-rich beer also eased the tensions and stresses of daily living in a hostile world.
The use of yeast was not yet known at that time. The success of the fermentation process was left to chance, as the brewers unknowingly relied on yeast particles in the air.
Considerable scientific research took place in breweries in the 19th century. A famous work from 1876 by Louis Pasteur was Studies Concerning Beer where he revealed his knowledge of micro-organisms. By establishing that yeast is a living microorganism, Pasteur opened the gates for accurately controlling the conversion of sugar to alcohol.
In a much busier world (Spain), lived a very adventurous, religious, and loyal man named Christopher Columbus. Born in Genoa, Italy, Christopher Columbus was the son of a very skilled weaver. He was an expert sailor, thus earning the title of “Admiral of the Ocean Sea” for himself after his successful expeditions. He had a favorite ship, Santa Maria although he had two other ships (Nina and Pinta). Like most sailors of his time, he knew that the world was round. However, he assumed the world was smaller and he believed he could go on a successful expedition to Asia in search of wealth.
It’s a possibility, some archaeologists say.” The author continues by noting that people did the hard work to cultivate grains for feasts and important community gatherings. Beer is sacred stuff in most traditional societies. The main point is since people had to stay to look over their crops, people settled at a permanent place and then they were coming into contact with other people more often, spurring the establishment of social customs. The author continues to talk about the history of the grains and agriculture. Hayden, who is an archeologist talks about that when there are feasts, it would be expensive to serve and prepare food but beer would be cheap and could be afforded by the majority of people. This is the one of the for the people that motivated them to cultivate cereal grains. The author continues to note that, feats are essential for people because it would bring the people closer together and creating the supporting network and developing more complex kind of societies. Beer played a huge role in making a feast beautiful. The brewing of beer has also developed new technologies which made the people’s life a lot easier. Finally, beer has made human’s life more enjoyable and
Even in Columbus's own letters one can see the arrogance he possessed in claiming the islands he found. In a letter describing his findings to his friend Luis de Santangel, he wrote, "And there I found very many islands fil...
Throughout the study of how beer changed civilization, I have come to realized the way “A History Of The World In 6 Glasses” explains the founding of beer and the positive impact it has left on the beginnings of civilization very accurately. Beer truly has impacted civilization due to the many positive opportunities beer has led society to. The alcoholic beverage surprisingly was the reason mathematics was invented. The farmers would have to calculate who’s crop land was who’s, so the required measuring and diving up land. It is hard to believe that a very common beverage that is served at every restaurant basically led to the invention of mathematics. Now a days mathematics is used on a day to day basis for almost every human being. After extensive research it is safe to say the the founding
The movie begins by following the lives of eight women whose lives intertwine and intersect in a present day Harlem walk-up. Patrick Ivers, film critic writes “Tyler Perry’s powerful opera of pain and poetry and precious intensity, lyrical lament to rhythms of resentment brings together eight women and their traumatic experiences. They have suffered physical and verbal abuse, abandonment, infidelity, infection, i...
Deemed by students a "Divine Sage," Confucius (Kong Fuzi) (ca. 551-479 B.c.a) was founder of ~ humanistic school of philosophy that accessible Zhou China a societal and political culture consequent from idealized values of the history (al. 2012) As a therapy for the political chaos of his age, the well-known teacher deserted the depraved aristocratic code and accessible in its lay an ethical system which largely focused on personality moral conduct, politeness, sacrament and kindness. In conflict that the basics of good government and the well-being of society rested on person ethical behavior, Confucius urged the monarch and his other assistants, the junzi (gentlemen), to give moral examples for the public at large.
produce alcohol due to their expertise in producing brandy. They also brought their equipment with them in order to continue the practice. It was not long before they began using sugarcane and local fruits to produce alcohol.
Christopher Columbus also known as the “discover” of the New World, was an Italian colonialist, a unique navigator and one of the most famous explorers of all times. He is well-known for his several expeditions for the discovery of gold and land. In spite of having opened and inspired the European colonization in America and sacrificed his life for finding productive land, he was also blamed for the destruction and death of the native people who lived in the islands he explored. What it is undoubted is the legacy he left as a writer through his journal and letters documenting his adventure of exploration.
He states “in the first island which I found, I took by force some of them in order that they might learn [Castilian] and give me information of what they had in those parts” (Columbus 29). Columbus painted an image of conquest that persuaded others in Europe, not just Spain and Rome to send their own explorers into North America. Europeans then went with goals to increase their power and wealth for their own selfish reasons. Eventually as a result of Columbus’s letter, the French, Spanish, and English started to explore the North America’s, many Indians were conquered and killed in the conquest of gold and
A History of the World in 6 Glasses is divided into separate sections based on the different beverage representing a key historical era. Starting about 10,000 years ago, beverages began to have other purposes than just to quench thirst. Beverages were used medicine, currency and for religious purposes. The first historical beverage presented by Standage is beer. With beer he shows how processing grains led to the development of agriculture, as well as migrations, and the creation of civilizations in Egypt and Mesopotamia. The accidental fermentation of grains into beer was “magical” creating a beverage which induced a state of altered consciousness. It was seen as a gift from the gods and used as a religious offering to thank...
The creation of beer in 10,000 BCE was the first major changing point in human civilization. Beer began as an accident it was found when water was left fermenting with wild grains for a few days this
I have always been fascinated by the process of brewing, as a young child in middle school even through high school, my favorite place to spend my weekend was at a brewery or a winery, seeing all the different set ups a business could have. The various processes it take to make a product then hearing the backstories of how each
The Beer makes up most of the alcoholic beverage industry, with a 74% volume in 2002 (Alcoholic Beverages, 2005). The production of beer around the world has increased from 36.85 billions gallons in 2000 to 38.78 billion gallons in 2003 (Alcoholic Beverages, 2005). Beer production has been a part of society close to the beginning of civilization. A Mesopotamian tablet dating back to 7000 B.C. contains a beer recipe named ¡§wine of the grain¡¨ (Alcoholic Beverages, 2005). In 1292, a Czech Republic town produced its first pilsner beer. A prominent beer brand, Pilsner Urquell, brewing dates back to the early thirteenth century.
Confucianism has had a major influence on Chinese social, political and economic life for more than 2000 years. Confucius was the most innovative and respected philosopher in Chinese history. His ideas have been the strongest influence on China and its society. Confucius taught the value of practical ethics and social morality in order to obtain his decadent view of society. He presented the idea of perfecting the human personality by incorporating the five virtues of Jen, Li, Hsiao Ti, Chung-Su and I (Smith 1973, p 66) until the ideal of a perfect man and true gentleman is reached. Confucianism changed everything about China including the way the government ran the country and how young people were being educated. This essay will examine Confucianism as a philosophy, rather than a religion, and how it acted as a moral guide to a way of living in Chinese society in order to create cultural unification and social harmony.
Agriculture has been around for about 11,000 years. Around 9.500 BC, the first signs of crops began to show up around the coastlines of the Mediterranean. Emmer and einkorn wheat were the first crops that started to show up in this area, with barley, peas, lentils, chick peas, and flax following shortly. For the most part, everyone was a nomad and just travelled along with where a herd went. This went on until around 7.000 BC, and then the first signs of sowing and harvesting appeared in Mesopotamia. In the first ...