History Of Pearl Harbor

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Introduction In early 1942, the strategic picture for the Allies was very bleak. In the Pacific Theater, the United States, the British Empire, and the Netherlands had been in a continual retreat since December 7, 1941. The United States had surrendered major areas of the Philippines, lost Guam, admitted defeat at Wake Island, and was preparing for the worst in Hawaii and on the West Coast. American air, land, and sea forces could not stop the Japanese, and the nation seemed paralyzed by the prospects of major theater campaigns from Europe to the Pacific.1 President Franklin D. Roosevelt was desperate to strike a blow to Japan that would bring some sort of retribution to the cowardly attack on Pearl Harbor. History Winston Churchill was later to recall his reaction to the news of Pearl Harbor: "In all the war I never received a more direct shock. As I turned over and twisted in bed the full horror of the news sank in upon me. There were no British or American capital ships in the Indian Ocean or the Pacific except the American survivors of Pearl Harbor who were hastening back to California. Over this vast expanse of waters Japan was supreme and we everywhere were weak and naked."2 Prior to December 7, 1941, the American’s were not overly interested in getting involved in the war. But after the attack on Pearl Harbor, the will of the American people had certainly changed. To the Japanese they felt they had dealt a crippling blow that would drive fear into the American public. Now the will of the American people had certainly changed from one of impasse to anger and desire to crush and defeat the Japanese.3 On December 21, 1941 President Franklin Roosevelt summoned the Commanders of the Armed Forces to the White House to discuss ... ... middle of paper ... ...ered all right, but not because I was young or naïve. For me, it was a matter of pride. Pride in my country. Pride in my uniform. Pride in fighting for what I took to be the right.”6 Training commenced right away and concluded on March 25th. Doolittle was satisfied with his men. He had chosen the Lead pilot: himself. Doolittle felt he was needed over Tokyo: “I know more about this mission than anyone else. And I know how to lead it.” Arnold reluctantly agreed.7 Two days later the aircrews with their B-25’s departed Eglin Field, Florida for Sacramento Air Depot in California. Admiral Nimitz, Commander of the Pacific Fleet assigned Vice Admiral Halsey to Command Task Force 16. Halsey then selected Captain Mitscher as Commander of the USS Hornet. After concluding its sea trials the USS Hornet left Norfolk Virginia on March 1st for Alameda Naval Air Station California.

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