INTRODUCTION The Japan Railways Group (JR Group) lies at the heart of Japan's Railway Network, operating a large proportion of intercity rail service (including the Shinkansen high-speed rail lines) and commuter rail service. The JR Group comprises of 7 for-profit companies that took over most of the assets and operations of the government-owned Japanese National Railways on April 1, 1987. The group consists of seven operating companies and two other companies that do not provide rail service. The operating companies are organized into six passenger operators and a nationwide freight operator. The JR Group is made up of independent companies, and it does not have group headquarters or a holding company to set the overall business policy. HISTORY Initially network of railway lines in Japan was operated by nationalized companies under the control of the Railway Institute which later came under the control of the Ministry of Railways and the Ministry of Transportation and Communication and was named Japanese Government Railways (JGR). Later in 1949, by a directive of the U.S. General HQ in Tokyo, JGR was reorganized into Japan National Railways (JNR), a state-owned public corporation which operated the national railway network of Japan from 1949 to 1987. The demise of the government-owned system came after charges of serious management inefficiencies, profit losses, and fraud. By the early 1980s, passenger and freight business had declined, and fare increases had failed to keep up with higher labor costs. By 1987, JNR's debt was over ¥27 trillion ($280 billion at 2009 exchange rates) and the company was spending ¥147 for every ¥100 earned. By an act of the Diet of Japan, on April 1, 1987 JNR was privatized and divided into seven ... ... middle of paper ... ...uakes and Tsunamis counter measures and Derailment prevention measures. Advance the Introduction of new ATC systems. IMPROVE : The JR Group pursues higher levels of safety and implement thoroughgoing measures for reliable transport to build a railway that offers high quality transport and is used repeatedly by customers. Key Measures include: • Increasing quality of transport. Pursue safe, reliable transport service, replace rolling stock, introduce new safety systems, increase safety of level crossings, increase facilities for turn back operations, take natural disaster counter measures. Increase and improve guidance for customers during transport disruptions. • Create an Appealing Urban Area. Convert two overtrack stations and build new stations that integrate with community development. Start of nationwide reciprocal use of Transportation IC Cards.
had become a leader, and he had found his group of supporters, or in other words, his social group. In this case, my formula only works because of the parentheses surrounding the first three parts of the equation. From my perspective, Martin Luther King Jr. became a symbol of a general group of African American Civil Rights Activists, before they found him as an actual leader. While others may figure that there is
Martin Luther King Jr. is a name that has gone down in history. One of the many things Mr. King did that has not and will not be forgotten is his speeches. His most famous speech was, probably," I have a dream", in this speech he talks to us about how segregation must end, he was able to convince many people to go against segregation in one way or another. Martin Luther King Jr. was able to do that because he good at making us see things from his point of view. Such as in "Beyond Vietnam" in this
written down in history and have buildings, schools, museums, airports, and streets named after them. Ask students if they can think of names of schools, museums, buildings, airports, or streets and if it was named after a famous or extraordinary person? Can they think of why that person is famous or extraordinary to get something named after them? Tell students that the statue is of a man named Martin Luther King Jr. Ask the students: • “How many of you know who Martin Luther King Jr. is?” • “What
Issues involving race found in today’s society often stem from historical conflicts. Christopher Edley, Jr. supports this idea in The War on Our Freedoms: Civil Liberties in an Age of Terrorism, “… We can also see in recent developments how … racial and ethnic differences are socially constructed out of, or in midst of, conflict” (Edley, Jr. 171). An ethnic group that is often falls victim to racial profiling in the United States are African Americans. Initially, the transatlantic slave trade sparked
for terrorist activities, proliferation of local terrorist groups, and political instability among and within various world wide nations. In spite of terrorism apparent proliferation around the globe, some people may maintain that it should not be a global concern. It is important to realize that terrorism has not affected all nations in the world. Therefore, some people might argue that it does not warranty global concern. Don Van Natta, Jr. A columnist for the New York Times and Name 2 writer
These events in history have fostered a sense of pride and for some hate in later generations. The pride that African- Americans have is usually referred to as Black Supremacy, Black Pride, and Black Power. The ideas of these prides are for black people as whole to have strong sense of who they are as a people, self-worth, self-determination, and equality. Every race should have these feelings, but some people take this to heart and find it offence because there are extremist groups who take these
the meanest terms for their crimes against black Americans; critics accused him of preaching racism and violence. “He has been called one of the greatest and most influential African Americans in history along with martin luther king jr.” based on some of the things malcolm has done, Martin luther king jr. definitely had a different way of approaching issues. with both of their totally different way of getting their point across, discussion could be made on who was more effective in the civil rights
“I Have A Dream” Rhetorical Analysis Dr. Martin Luther Kings “I Have a Dream” speech created history for people in our nation. Not just any specific race, but rather for human kind. During the 1960s this speech stuck a cord with Americans, and not all were taken in a positive outlook. A good number of citizens did not support what Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. believed due to the heavy amount of prejudge that flood their heart just by the color of his skin. However, on the other side, a great amount
treatment. One man in particular stands out the most throughout this movement of change: Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. Martin Luther King Jr.’s form of protesting was the more effective than activist Malcolm X and was the reason for the majority of success during the Civil Rights movement. This is because Malcolm X’s cause would only slow progress during the movement, Martin Luther King Jr. had more authority, and he understood that peaceful protesting is the very genesis of redefining a nation. Malcolm
Racism is something that has been around, basically humans ruled the world” as you can say. This has been going on for a while now, it’s been getting out of control. You may remember Martin Luther King Jr. and, his famous speech “I Have A Dream”(Martin Luther KIng Jr.) this speech caused hatred on all the blacks and, he wanted to stop slavery, and racism with that speech. Racism is making our world violent and we need to stand up as a society. Racism has lead to violence, gun shots, and death
to a positive, to me meaning that negative courses of action is being led to a group which are not meant for the courses of action they have done. Now what did Martin Luther King Jr. respond to this how did he define and how did
King Jr. and Malcolm X were two of the most well known African American Leaders in the civil rights movement. Martin Luther King Jr. was a baptist minister, a social activist, and later became a leader in the Civil Rights Movement, while Malcolm X was an American Muslim minister and also a human rights activist. They used different tactics for violence to achieve their goals, and they also had different beliefs for the roles of whites in the Civil RIghts Movement. Martin Luther King Jr led the
the Journey of Reconciliation in the 1940's , he promoted Gandhism to the Southern black. Both men were pioneers in history who were extra ordinary and very strong leaders in what they did. Accounts of history made mention of various heroes For one, they raised up with different ethics. Gandhi campaigned against the use of unjust laws of the British System , while Martin Luther King Jr. campaigned for the rights of the colored people. (Poor people campaign 1968) explains " that "colored" people
Benjamin O. Davis, Jr. was born December 18, 1912 in Washington D.C. His father, Benjamin O. Davis, Sr. was one of the few African-American officers in the U.S. Army. Davis, Jr. was appointed to the U.S. Military Academy in 1932 by Rep. Oscar S. De Priest, the only black congressman at that time. At West Point he endured ostracism from both classmates and superiors who wanted to see him fail. He persevered and graduated 35th in a class of 276 in 1936. He was the fourth African-American graduate in
Nguyen, Amanda Mr. Hood History, Period 5 28 October 2016 Alter-Ego Biography Project I chose to read about Martin Luther King Jr. because he is a symbolic icon. Martin Luther King Jr. was born on January 15, 1929 in Atlanta, Georgia. His name was actually Michael King along with his father, but it was changed to Martin Luther when he was around five years old. He spent his childhood in the Auburn Avenue Neighborhood. At age twelve King attempted suicide by jumping out of a window when he heard