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economic history of argentina
economic history of argentina
history of Argentina, and their globalization
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The name Argentina was derived from Latin “argentums-silver” and was first used in 1536 by Venetian Sailors maps. The official name of the county has become Republic of Argentina in 1860. The flag of Argentina is symbolizing a clear blue sky and the sun in the middle symbolizes freedom.
Nomadic Tribes lived in Argentina before the arrival of the Spanish, these tribes were scattered all over the country. The tribes were the traditional hunters although some did settle and started to grow crops such as maize. The Spanish then entered in 1536, first encountering the tribes during their search for gold and silver. After this first encounter Spanish went back to Paraguay. In 1580 the Spanish returned and founded Buenos Aires.
In 1776 Buenos Aires was announced as the new capital of the Argentina. Although the Spanish had control over the area, their trade restrictions on the locals led to a revolt which ended in the declaration of independence in 1816. As Argentina developed there also grew a conflict between the capital city and the provinces. Those from the capital came to known as the “Unitarists” while those from outside the capital were known as the “Federalists”. A Civil war started which was a bloody and a very bad period in Argentina’s history. In 1829 Juan Manuel de Rosas came to power. A Federalist who actually applied his own Unitarist principles. He centralized control of the nation from Buenos Aires. Although stability returned to Argentina the country paid a big price. The country was closed with strong military and secret police. In 1852 Rosas was removed from power.
The next stage in Argentina’s history can be seen as the founding of the modern Argentina. The new Unitarist government implemented a liberal consti...
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...y time with or without cause by general meeting or, if appointed by a particular class of shares, by a special meeting of the relevant class.
The board must meet at least once every three months, the procedure for summoning meetings can be established by the bye-laws. The board must also meet whenever requested by any director, in which case the meeting must be summoned by the chairman and held within five days. To validly meet, a quorum of at least a majority of directors is required; a higher quorum can be established in the bye-laws. Decisions are approved by the favorable vote of a simple majority of directors attending the relevant meeting. In listed companies the bye-laws can authorize virtual board meetings. Generally, the board is in charge of the management of the company. Legal representation of the company is entrusted to the chairperson of the board.
Part I: “Consensus in Argentine Society and the Rise of Perón”. Chapter one, “ The Crisis of the Liberal Consensus” begins explaining the low participation of the Argentinean population in the government due to electoral fraudulence and intimidation. Then, he goes on to detailed how the democratic liberalism governmental system was threatened by the elites of Argentina because they fear the possible loss of their power from the new sectors that were rising. After, the author expressed that the
"Argentina." Worldmark Encyclopedia of the Nations. Ed. Timothy L. Gall and Derek M. Gleason. 13th ed. Detroit: Gale, 2012. Student Resources in Context. Web. 14 Apr. 2014.
Juan Perón was a charismatic and inviting ex-military politician. He was the smiling face and sharp brain Argentina had been searching for. His involvement with the labor unions was the reason for his rise to power. Juan Perón’s leadership from 1943 to 1955 greatly affected labor unions in Argentina by granting the unions power in the political world, giving the unions someone they could trust, and by implementing complete control over the unions and the rest of Argentina during his presidency.
The history of political instability in Mexico and its need for revolution is very complex and dates back to the colonization of Mexico by the Spaniards in the 1500s. However, many aspects of the social situation of Mexico when the Revolution broke out can be attributed to the thirty-year dictatorship of President Porfrio Diaz, prior to 1911. The Revolution began in November of 1910 in an effort to overthrow the Diaz dictatorship. Under the Diaz presidency, a small minority of people, primarily relatives and friends, were in ...
Earlier in Chilean history, according to the Central Intelligence Agency, the Inca controlled its northern portion, while central and southern regions were held by the Mapuche (n.d.). In the 16th century, Spanish conquistadors arrive, probing the country for gold and silver. Briney discusses a plethora of historic events: Spanish established settlements: Santiago, Chile's capital was founded in 1541 and Concepcion in 1550 by Pedro de Valdiva. But after being under Spanish control for centuries, in the early 1800s, Chile yearns for independence. The country’s independence was originally declared in 1810, making Chile an autonomous republic of the Spanish monarchy. However, total independence was not claimed until the Chilean victory against the Spanish on February 2 of 1818. This victory came about with joint efforts from Bernardo O'Higgins and Jose de San Martin. Thus Chile officially became independent under O'Higgins' leadership as first president (History of Chile section, para. 2).
In conclusion, after Latin America’s independence, they faced many challenges that would hold them back from being able to create an ideal democracy. Some of the important struggles were the poor economy in Peru and Mexico. The Catholic Church with its conservative ideals that wanted to keep its power, and Argentina and its caudillo rule of Rosas. Many of these countries faced similar issues that with time would soon be overcome.
The 19th Century in Latin America was rife with revolution and political change. Due to the instability of a continent, bursting with fledgling democracies (at least in name), a new breed of leader began to emerge throughout Latin America. This new head of government was defined as a strong military leader who ruled forcefully. In Latin America, thes...
After the expulsion from Spain in 1492, conversos (or secret Jews) settled in Argentina. Most of these immigrants assimilated into the general population and, by the mid 1800's, few Jews were left in Argentina. Argentina gained its independence from Spain in 1810. Bernardino Rivadavia, Argentina's first president, gave support to policies that promoted freedom of immigration and respect for human rights. In this atmosphere of tolerance, a second wave of Jewish immigration began in the mid-19th century with Jewish immigrants arriving from Western Europe, especially from France. In 1860, the first Jewish wedding was recorded in Buenos Aires. A couple of years later, a minyan met for the High Holiday services and, eventually, the minyan became the Congregacion Israelita de la Republica.
In 1516 Uruguay was discovered by the Spanish explorer Juan Díaz de Solís. He was killed that same year by the Charrua, a local native tribe. Future attempts to colonize the territory during the 16th century were discouraged by this native tribe also. In 1624 the first permanent settlement was made by the Spanish on the Río Negro at Soriano.
Between the years of 1976 to 1983, the period known as the ‘Dirty War’ was in full force in Argentina. During this period, thousands of people mysteriously went missing, and are referred to now as the ‘Disappeared’. It is believed that many of the disappeared were taken by agents of the Argentine government, and perhaps tortured and killed before their bodies were disposed of in unmarked graves or rural areas. Whenever the female captives were pregnant, their children were stolen away right after giving birth, while they themselves remained detained. It is estimated that 500 young children and infants were given to families with close ties to the military to be raised. Within this essay I would like to touch on the brief history of the Dirty war and why the military felt it was necessary to take and kill thousands of Argentina’s, and also the devastating affects the disappeared, and stolen children are having on living relatives of those taken or killed. It is hard to imagine something like this happening in North America relatively recently. To wakeup and have members of your family missing, with no explanation, or to one day be told your parents are not biologically related is something Argentina’s had to deal with, and are continuing to face even today.
Rock, D. (1987). Argentina, 1516-1987: From Spanish Colonization to Alphonsín. Berkley: University of California Press.
Powers N. R., 1992, The Transition to Democracy in Paraguay: Problems and Prospectus, University of Notre Dame
The independence of Argentina like the Mexican quest for independence was led by the same need to lead themselves and not be led by a country so far away. Spain was going through a pretty rough time double that with the force removal by the Spanish king many colonized countries didn’t see Spain as a steady leader who could lead them furthermore the present leader in their eyes was not the true leader of Spain. Most countries wanted to enact rules that were agreeable by the people living in the country and not from a force so far away. Like the previous countries who were ruled by the Spanish they too kept the religion at large to remain Catholicism.
Spain was once of the powerful nations in Europe. However, by the 20th century it was poor and backwards country where corruption was experienced on a commonly basis. After losing its overseas possessions Cuba, Guam, Puerto Rico and Philippines during the Spanish-American War Spain was in a state of political tension due extreme measures of wealth, poverty and clearly social tensions. Essentially Spain was a deeply divided country during this time although it was a constitutional monarchy during 1920. During this year King Alfonso XIII remained as the royal figurehead however, Miguel Primo de Rivera was the dictator. The tension was between the right-wing Nationalists and left-wing Republican parties. The nationalist’s party was made up of monarchists, landowners, employers, the Roman Catholic Church and the army. The Republicans consisted of the workers, trade unions, socialists, and peasants. The nationalists were described as traditionalists and fascists, while the republicans were socialists and communists. The real political tension started occurring post 1930 when growing opposition to Miguel Primo de Rivera right-wing government started growing rapidly and leading to his resignation. Miguel Primo de Rivera was not able to solve Spain’s financial disaster from the result of the Great Depression, where unemployment rates increased drastically and Rivera never provided any solutions. Miguel was so unsuccessful throughout his dictatorship even the army refused to support his dictatorship. This then concluded in republican receiving the majority of the election votes, throwing out King Alfonso XIII the following year. The abdication of the King was the turning point; where Spain was now considered the Republic of Spa...
...efit themselves without realizing the damaging effects it would have later on. He goes on to say that Argentina’s experience involved a fundamental nature of globalization. Argentina realized how national democracy and full blown globalization do not go hand in hand with one another. When democratic policies become overly involved with financial markets, it becomes almost impossible for that nation to get involved deeply with the world economy.