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Relation between religion and politics
Discuss the nature of African religion
Discuss the nature of African religion
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Recommended: Relation between religion and politics
Name: Ndunda Kakuvi
ID: 635104
Course IRL3010 African Philosophy
Instructor: Munna Mwakina R
RELIGIOUS FUNDAMENTALISM AND THE STATE
INTRODUCTION
George Marsden has defined Fundamentalism as the demand for a strict adherence to certain theological doctrines, in reaction against Modernist theology (Marsden, 1980) The term fundamentalism was originally invented by its supporters to describe what they claimed were five specific classic theological beliefs of Christianity, which morphed into a Christian fundamentalist movement within the Protestant community of the United States in the early 20th century.
Historic fundamentalism is where the phrase fundamentalism comes from. The term "fundamentalism" has its roots in the
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The issue of Modernization seems to have produced a deep sense of alienation and has stimulated a search for an identity that will give life some purpose and meaning. The rise of a global consumerist culture has lead to an awareness of relative lack that people believe they can deal with more effectively if they present their claims as a group. One result of these developments has been a wave of popular religiosity, which has had far-reaching implications for social integration, political stability and international security. (Haynes, 1995). These have some main characteristics …show more content…
(2014, 4 25). Somalia: rumours of Al-Shabaab’s death are greatly exaggerated. Retrieved 7 22, 2015, from African Arguments: http://africanarguments.org/2013/04/25/somalia-rumours-of-al-shabaab%E2%80%99s-death-are-greatly-exaggerated-%E2%80%93-by-stig-hansen/
Haynes, J. (1995). Religion, Fundamentalism and Ethnicity: A Global Perspective. Geneva: UNRISD.
Leicher, K. (2011, 12 2). insecurity in Nigeria: The rise of extreme fundamentalism. Retrieved 7 22,2015,fromAfricaWatch:http://www.consultancyafrica.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=905:insecurity-in-nigeria-the-rise-of-extreme-fundamentalism-&catid=57:africa-watch-discussion-papers&Itemid=263
Lerman, D. "African Terrorist Groups Starting to Cooperate, U.S. Says".( 2012,6 25)Retrieved 7 22, 2015 from Bloomberg. http://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2012-06-25/african-terrorist-groups-starting-to-cooperate-u-s-says
Marsden, G. (1980). Fundamentalism and American Culture.
Mungai, M. (2011, 8 24). The Bait of Christian Fundamentalism in Africa. Retrieved 7 22, 2014, from The World Post: http://www.huffingtonpost.com/michael-mungai/christian-fundamentalism-africa_b_935268.html
Wacker, G. (n.d.). The Rise of Fundamentalism. Retrieved 7 15, 2015, from National Humanities Center :
Evangelicalism by its very nature is hard to define. In fact, Douglas Sweeney, Chair of the Church History and the History of Christian Thought Department at Trinity Evangelical Divinity School states, “precious little consensus exists among those who have tried to describe the evangelical movement.” Nevertheless, Sweeney does an excellent attempt by briefly explicating the diverse history of the evangelical movement in his book, The American Evangelical Story: A History of the Movement. Sweeney, a Lutheran and expert in American religion and culture not only introduces
New brands of distinctly American Christianity began developing early in the country’s history. Before the revolution, George Whitefield set the stage for American religious movements. The most important factor that helped launch these movements was the American Revolution. The country was ripe with conversation and action on a new understanding of freedom. The revolution “expanded the circle of people who considered themselves capable of thinking for themselves about issues of … equality, sovereignty, and representation” (6). The country was beginning to move toward an understanding of strength lying in the common people, and the people’s ability to make their own personal decisions on issues of leadership and authority. There was a common belief that class structure was the major societal problem. The revolution created the an open environment that pushed equality of the individual, allowing political and religious beliefs to flourish and grow without being held in check by authoritarian leaders.
Lyerly, Cynthia Lynn. Methodism and the Southern Mind, 1770-1810. Religion in America Series. New York: Oxford University Press, 1998.
belief that the sanctity of the home and Christian right found its way into the
Introduction: Neither the resolve of patriots nor the labor of men freed Americans from the hands of tyranny. The fathers of this nation, as well as those who fought for her ability to prosper were united by their unwavering faith and trust in God. The future of this world lay heavily upon their shoulders, yet they carried the burden willingly for the duration of their lives and passed it down from generation to generation. As a result, a new nation was born and grew into one of the most powerful countries of the world. Although America began as a Christian nation, it has pulled away from the fundamental beliefs that held this nation together. Despite their ancient predecessor’s emphasis on faith and Christianity, the current government has taken a more secular path. The legality of abortion and the exclusion of religious references in public institutions are a couple of examples how morality has been corrupted within the government. Society itself also forsakes the religious path, twisting the concept of morality to fit the lifestyles they wish to lead. David Barton uses line graphs to demonstrate the decrease of morality since 1950. Violent behavior, the circulation of sexually transmitted diseases, and the birth rate for unwed girls, has drastically inclined while educational achievement and family stability have dropped at an accelerated rate (242). It is apparent through the government’s choices, the media, and the attitudes present in average society that Americans have drifted far away from the principles on which this country was founded. Without a genuine faith and trust in God, American society will continue to deteriorate until memories of a once great nation are all that remains.
Theoretically, fundamentalist had won, for the law stood. But In reality, both sides were neither victorious. They won the fight lost the war. Civilized opinions were convinced by Dayton and the idea of the genesis story of creation and fundamentalism slowly began to drift away. Of course not everyone was convinced, as they store their religion in a science proof container in the brain.
Nnolim, Charles E. "The Missionaries." Approaches To the African People: Essays in Analysis. London: Saros International, 1992.
Religion can be viewed from many different perspectives. People throughout the world hold different religious values. One person’s religious value will not match the religious values of another person. Globalization as a whole has affected the way we view the different religions and our feelings towards them; it has moved towards a more symbolic representation of ideologies. Many have come to believe that the west is more superior to others. Martha Crenshaw argues that globalization is a key driver of terrorism because there is a comparison between countries having less access to means of production and others having more access. Furthermore, most religions go against each other’s beliefs and as for Islam; they have neglected the ideologies of the west. In order to understand how religious values are interconnected is through language games; we think in certain ways because of issues of power.
"U.S. Response to Terrorism Follow-up: al Qaeda Leader bin Laden Killed by U.S. Forces in Pakistan." Issues and Controversies on File. N.p., 1 May 2011. Web. 24 Oct. 2013.
The term "secularism" was first used by the British writer George Jacob Holyoake in 1851. Although the term was new, the general notions of free thought on which it was based had existed throughout history. Holyoake invented the term "secularism" to describe his views of promoting a social order separate from religion, without actively dismissing or criticizing religious belief. As an agnostic himself, Holyoake argued that "Secularism is not an argument against Christianity; it is one independent of it. It does not question the pretensions of Christianity; it advances others. Secularism does not say there is no light or guidance elsewhere, but maintains that there is light and guidance in secular truth, whose conditions and sanctions exist independently, and act forever. Secular knowledge is manifestly that kind of knowledge which is founded in this life, which relates to the conduct of this life, conduces to the welfare of this life, and is capable of being tested by the experience of this life."
Religious Fundamentalism is not a modern phenomenon, although, it has received a rise in the late twentieth century. It occurs differently in different parts of the world but arises in societies that are deeply troubled or going through a crisis (Heywood, 2012, p. 282). The rise in Religious Fundamentalism can be linked to the secularization thesis, which implies that victory of reason over religion follows modernization. Also, the moral protest of faiths such as Islam and Christianity can be linked to the rise of Religious Fundamentalism, as they protest the influence of corruption and pretence that infiltrate their beliefs from the spread of secularization (Heywood, 2012, p. 283). Religious Fundamentalists have followed a traditional political thought process, yet, have embraced a militant style of activity which often can turn violent (Heywood, 2012, p. 291).
..., this paper will talk about the forms and structure of fundamentalism specifically in Christianity and Islam. To begin the inquiry of what fundamentalism is it’s pertinent to understand how it is structured, how it responds to mainstream religions and why it exists. To define fundamentalism, fundamentalism is a reaction, whether it be religious or political, against current societal mainstream dogma or ideology. With this reaction against any set of mainstream ideology politically and religiously, what makes a group fundamentalist are define through these characteristics as Richard T. Antoun of State University of New York at Binghamton. These Antoun defines fundamentalism as, “Fundamentalist movements are defined ideologically, by their opposition to and reaction against the ideology that suits the permissive secular society, the ideology of modernism” (Antoun, 3)
Because of the colossal impact of religion in the countries surveyed the only accurate way to peek at how these people understanding themselves and their place in the world is to first have an understanding of the major religion or religions that are at work within a given society. But that statement demands the question, how is it that through religion we define ourselves? My research relies heavily on the inte...
The Reluctant Fundamentalist is a taut and engaging piece of fiction, exploring the growing chasm between the East and the West. Mohsin Hamid has used a rather unique narrative mode- the dramatic monologue –and used it skillfully to weave an account of a young Pakistani’s class aspirations and inner struggle in corporate America. Throughout the novel, Hamid maintains a tense atmosphere, an atmosphere of imminent danger and radical violence. What results from the two devices is an allegorical reconstruction of post-9/11 tensions, and an inflective young man’s infatuation and disenchantment with America.
...’s depictions of both traditional and modern beliefs in varying degrees illustrate the importance of both in contemporary Nigerian culture, as well as the greater Africa as a whole, and how both are intertwined and cannot exist without the other. In effect, she skillfully subverts stereotypes or single perceptions of Africa as backward and traditional, proving instead, the multifaceted culture of Africa. She further illustrates that neither traditional African nor western culture is necessarily detrimental. It is the stark contrast of the fundamental cultures that inevitably leads to clashes and disagreements. In the end, what holds African countries such as Nigeria together is their shared pride. Modern, western influences can bring positive changes to society, but new cultures cannot completely eradicate the foundational cultures to which a society is founded on.