Chapter Three: Histoplasma Capsulatum This final microbe is far less dangerous and easier to comprehend than the formerly mentioned ones. Histoplasma Capsulatum, often called histoplasmosis, is caused by a fungus called Histoplasma (1). This fungus thrives within earthy environments with lots of soil filled with bird and bat droppings (1). It is found mainly in the United States, specifically within the central and eastern states, such as around the Ohio and Mississippi river valleys (1). The fungus can also be found within central and South America, Africa, Asia, Australia, and small parts of Europe (1). While most people do not get sick, those who do become infected when breathing in the microscopic fungal spores in the air (1). Symptoms …show more content…
For medical care, no treatment is needed for those who are asymptomatic, just monitoring for mild symptoms (2). For those who cannot fight the disease as easily as the majority, there are an array of treatments available. To start, blood cultures should be performed in all patients, and sputum cultures should be taken for those with chronic histoplasmosis (2). Chest radiology would be preferred for individuals with acute pulmonary histoplasmosis, steroids and possible laser treatment for ocular histoplasmosis, and CT scans for those with cerebral histoplasmosis (2). With prolonged symptoms of more than 4 weeks, medical therapy via itraconazole is recommended for 6-12 weeks, followed by chest imaging (2). Bronchiectasis caused by the microbe is treated with either a bronchoscopy or surgical removal (3). Phrenological treatments to histoplasmosis include amphorcetericin B, ketoconazole, itraconazole, and fluconazole (3). Currently, antifungal agents are being developed to offer alternative treatment (3). To successfully survive as a pathogen, the virus must change itself on a micro level to survive changing conditions, macrophages, and other threats to the fungi’s reproduction (4). Being able to go from an environmental mold to an intercellular yeast is extremely useful for a microbe in an ecosystem that fights for control of those it infects (4). These advantages present within histoplasmosis are what keeps it as a cause of respiratory and systemic disease in mammals (4). There are plenty of treatments available to accommodate all forms of histoplasmosis, making it a microbe that is very simple to cure, despite how hard it tries to
Puechmaille, S.J. 2010. "White-Nose Syndrome Fungus in Bat, France". Emerging Infectious Diseases. 16 (2): 290-293.
"Plague." Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 13 June 2012. Web. 07 Apr. 2014.
Trabelsi, H., Dendana, F., Sellami, A., Sellami, H., Cheikhrouhou, F., Neji, S., … Ayadi, A. (2012). Pathogenic
The purpose of the study is to identify an unknown microorganism using multiple microbiology lab techniques. Through this process I will gain knowledge on how to perform these techniques as well as the importance of these tests on identifying unknown microorganisms. This is significant as the goal of this course is to familiarize ourselves with the common microbiology tests as well as the microorganisms we encounter in our daily activities.
The falchion was conceptualized in the 11th century.it was a derivitve of both the scimitar and the machete.due to its low consumption of resources neccessary for construction,the falchion became a staple weapon of the dark ages and was mass produced by blacksmiths across the region;as there was a large demand for them.the falchion was soon incorporated into military training exercises.two designs of the falchion developed as close combat tactics developed.as new armor and techniques were devied;new weapon designs were created to rebut the strengths of the opposing variable.the first design was known as the cusped falchion.the cusped falchion bore a sharp tip allowing for thrusting techniques to be used as well as slashing.as the point narrowed the blade elongated and narrowed allowing for greater reach and quicker retraction.the cleaver falchion was the original design of the falchion.the cleaver falchion resembled the scimitar and machete in design,likely influenced by these designs.the curvature of the blade allowed greater apportionments of the blade to be concentrated at the en...
Treatment: Chemotherapy is on treatment method. Most infected people benefit from the treatments. To of the best drugs for treatment are Praziquantel and Oxamniquine. The side effects are mild and transient, some of then are as followed:
Microbiology with Diseases by Body System (Hardcover) & MasteringMicrobiology, 3rd edition, Bauman, R. W., Benjamin- Cummings Publishing Company, 2012, San Francisco, CA. ISBN 9780321716378. OR
Disease and parasitism play a pervasive role in all life. Many of these diseases start with microparasites, which are characterized by their ability to reproduce directly within an individual host. They are also characterized by their small size, short duration of infection, and the production of an immune response in infected and recovered individuals. Microparasites which damage hosts in the course of their association are recognized as pathogens. The level of the interaction and the extent of the resultant damage depends on both the virulence of the pathogen, as well as the host defenses. If the pathogen can overcome the host defenses, the host will be damaged and may not survive. If on the other hand the host defenses overcome the pathogen, the microparasite may fail to establish itself within the host and die.
Necrotizing fasciitis is a bacterial infection that is very serious and sometimes fatal. This disease spreads very quickly and destroys soft tissue in your body. This disease is caused by multiple bacteria: group A strep, E.coli, Klebsiella (causes pneumonia), Clostridium (causes diarrhea), Staphylococcus (causes staph infections), and Aeromonas hydrophila (causes diseases in almost all organisms, hard to resist). The bacteria group A strep is the leading cause for necrotizing fasciitis.
This parasite is spread through the bite of sandflies. There are three different types of infections and they each show varying degrees of severity. The cutaneous form produces mild skin ulcers, mucocutaneous produces ulcers in the mouth and nose, and the visceral form of the disease starts with skin ulcers and then fever, low red blood cell count, and an enlarged spleen and liver. The parasite is detected by a microscope and visceral can also be found by doing blood tests. 12 million people are in infected in 98 different countries and 2 million new cases are found every year. The disease also kills around 20 to 50 thousand people a year.
...nvironmental Microbiology. New York: A John Wiley & Sons, Inc; 1992. pp. 125?156. Accessed December 2, 2013.
Murray, Patrick R., Ken S. Rosenthal and Michael A. Pfaller. Medical Microbiology, 6th Edition. Philadelphia: Mosby Elsevier, 2009.
Despite the accomplishments, water-borne diseases remain an issue of concern. “From 1971 to 1988 there were 564 infectious outbreaks in the United States involving nearly 140,000 people.” Bacteria are microorganisms that are of the kingdom Prokaryotae. When certain bacteria appear in places where they do not normally reside, they can cause illness.
Histopathology and molecular pathology both fall within the medical science branch of pathology where the primary concern is the examination of tissues, body fluids, and organs to aid in the diagnosis of diseases.