1. INTRODUCTION
The term Unemployment means when the unemployed who are actively and drastically searching for employment but is unable to search for a job. Unemployment measures the health of the current economy. Currently, the most actively cited unemployment is the unemployment rate itself. This equals to the unemployed persons divided by the number of people in the labor force. Unemployment is a fundamental economic factor due to the current cost of unemployment which is high.
Meanwhile, unemployment rates in the current year of Malaysia have been below 3.3 percent, based on recent news. The unemployment rate has fallen to 2.9 percent from 3.5 percent. The unemployment rates in Malaysia have not been stabilized due to the increasing population in Malaysia. However in the past years, 1985, Malaysia’s unemployment rate has reached to about 6.893 percent. The current population stated in Malaysia, 2013 was 29.7 million, (epu.gov.my) due to the increasing population in Malaysia, job or labor rates has become slow. Furthermore, the country`s current crime rates last August 2013, was said to 10.1 percent equivalent to 63,221 thousand cases of crime rates (themalaysianinsider.com). The reason to crime rates increasing during the past years has been due to the worries of poverty, insecurity and under-development, thus crime has become a major worry for the policymakers including Malaysia (UNODC, 2005). In view of Graph Bar 1, are the increasing rates of crime trends from the year of 2007 till 2012.
Unemployment is a requisite economic circumstance because these days the cost of employing is getting higher than usual. The agony established is really bad that an unemployed sole is likely suffering from loss of esteem, depres...
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Rosenfeld, R. (2011). Changing Crime Rates. In J. Wilson, & J. Petersilia, Crime and Public Policy (pp. 559-588). New York: Oxford University Press.
The trends in unemployment affect three important macroeconomics variables: 1) gross domestic product (GDP), 2) unemployment rate, and 3) the inflation rate.
The variation of crime definition and it 's explaination, connected to cultural and social groups.
“We blacks were the first people embracing Obama, long before the people at expensive fundraisers were supporting him. We gave him his first love, 96 percent of blacks voted for him in 2008. Yet today, we are the number one in unemployment, with 16 percent of American blacks out of work.” (Jesse Jackson 2011) The economy in United States is more and more decreasing over the time. The unemployment is becoming a big issue since many years. When we talk about unemployment, we talk about the situation of an individual who is actively looking for a job during the four weeks. The underemployment refers to an employment situation that is insufficient in some important way for the worker, relative to a standard. Discouraged workers are a marginally attached workers who have not made specific effort to find a job within the past four weeks because of previous unsuccessful attempts to find a job. However, unemployment is often used as a measure of health of the economy which is GDP. By definition, the GDP (Gross Domestic Product) is the market value of all the final goods and services produced within a country in a given period of time period. How unemployment, underemployment and discouraged workers affect the GDP in an economy?
There is no perfect way of measuring crime, and it is extremely difficult, if not impossible, to know exactly how much crime is going on in any particular jurisdiction at any given time. To a certain extent, crime or criminality is ...
Crime statistics endeavor to provide statistical measures of crime in societies. They provide a point of analysis and comparison, allow countries to form long-term patterns and trends and can help to develop and reform criminal justice policies as well as being more meaningful than raw numbers. Using the countries of Bahrain and the United States as a comparison point for the following issues which surround crime statistics such as biases, agendas and general influences like education and religion; this essay will be focused around analysing the statistical factors and wider influences which can allow a country to have low or high crime rates.
Starting in the 70s, studies in the US has shown links between unemployment, poverty and crime. The connection between poverty and crime is that they’re both concentrated in certain areas around the country. Where you find poverty is also where you find crime. Also unemployment leads to poverty and crime, violent crimes are linked to hard times and the lack of social cohesion or harmony. Once convicted of a crime, it is hard to get a job and the vicious cycle gets more vicious. This does not include crimes such as corruption, embezzlement, and other such crimes that cause damage to people's lives but in an indirect type of violence. These components combine to show how the curse of a life of poverty can make one more inclined to be involved in violent crime.
Conversely, the frequency of crime (property and violent crime) according to Van Dijk (1999) in Ackerman and Murray (2004 p.424) in many regions of the world is related to problems of economic hardship among the young. For example, Ackerman and Murray, (2004 p.424) showed that “more than half of the victimization rates in 49 countries (representing all world regions) for burglaries, thefts, and thefts from cars can be explained by level of urbanization, economic deprivation, and affluent lifestyle”. Even though the concentration of crime is said to be closely related to social class (deprivation), the spatial consequences of crime progressively blighted neighbourhoods, due to the non-stationary status of the class.
Unemployment is a macroeconomic factor that is pertinent to an extensive economy at a regional level. Therefore it affects a large population rather than a few select individuals. Unemployment does not only have social costs, but economic costs too. The ILO, International Labour organization, defines unemployment as, ''People of working age, who are without work, but available for work and actively seeking employment.'' Therefore implying that it is a state of an individual looking for a job but not having one. Unemployment is one of the key indicators in determining the economic stability of a country; hence governments, businesses and consumers closely monitor it. There are numerous aspects that might lead to unemployment such as labour market conflicts and recessions in the economy. There are two main types of unemployment, which can be focused on, seasonal and cyclical unemployment. Seasonal unemployment occurs when a person is unemployed or their profession is not in demand during a particular season. On the contrary, cyclical unemployment occurs when there is less demand for goods and services in the market so consequently supply needs to be decreased.
Reports to prove their hypothesis, that “economic deprivation is positively associated with homicide rates” (Eitle, D’Alessio, and Stolzenber 2006). The authors included three theories of why they believe that economic deprivations are related to homicides rate and the theories are, absolute deprivation, relative deprivation and concentrated deprivation/disadvantage. Absolute deprivation is associated with economic disadvantage, while relative deprivation is associated with
People need money to purchase all kinds of goods and services they needed every day and sometimes, for goods or services they desire to own. To fulfill that, they have the essential need to earn money. In order to earn money, they must work in either in fields related to their interests or to their qualifications. However, people will meet different challenges during their jobs-hunting sessions, such as many candidates competing for a job vacancy; salaries offered are lower than expected salaries and economic crisis or down which causes unemployment. Unemployment is what we will be looking into in this report. Dwidedi (2010) stated that unemployment is defined as not much job vacancies are available to fulfill the amount of people who want to work and can work according to the current pay they can get for a job they chose to work as. There are four major types of unemployment: frictional, structural, cyclical and seasonal unemployment.
The uncertainty of whether financial status may have or not have any impact on criminal behavior is a must, we as criminologists need to understand why someone acts in a particular way compared to their social norm. However, from this theory disadvantages we will not be able to understand individual’s financial status. But it will give us an understanding of where these individuals may be living. Therefore, we can narrow down where the crime is and focus on that subgroup and the reason why criminal activity may occur whether its lower class, middle class or upper
Similarly, a study conducted by Ohio State Economics professor Bruce Weinberg found that no relationship exists between unemployment and violent crime. Weinberg notes that most violent crimes, especial...
Malaysia has now facing a lot of crime issues recently. This has made the crime issues to being discussed a lot in parliament. The authorities are now in great despair as the crime rates continue to get worst each day. The government has come up with a solution known as the Government Transformation Programme (GTP) that is introduce to help in transforming Malaysia into a better country (PEMANDU, 2010). This programme focused on areas that needed the most intention by government known as the National Key Result Areas (NKRAs). There were seven groups of NKRAs and reducing crimes is one of the priorities. This has shows that the crime is one of the major problems in Malaysia. Besides, the crimes itself can bring a lot of effects to Malaysian individual and society, economy, and relationship with other countries.
The most common causes of unemployment are getting fired and layed off for specific reasons. People might get layed off if a company is going out of business or maybe if there are positions in the company that are no longer needed. It’s difficult to find a job right away after being fired. Companies don’t want to hire someone who has just been fired for reasons such as failure to do a sufficient job, not showing up to work, stealing, etc. It’s also hard to find a job instantly after being layed off. In some cases the economy is down and it is hard to find any work in general.