The results found where not as those hypothesised. Of all 8 swabs, bacteria were found on each sample. The results found that bacterial count peaked at its highest for high school aged students, with 3065000 bacterial cells being found on the senior 8-10 locker room female bathrooms. Also early learning centre students, whilst being the youngest held the least amount of bacteria on the bathroom door handle with only 12100 bacterial cells; only 3.3% of the bacterial count on senior locker rooms. It was predicted that there would be a gradual decrease of bacterial count on bathroom door handles as the age of the user increased, though as shown in figure 9, there was a significant increase in bacterial count from infant to teenager.
These results did not take into account the amount of people who came into contact with the door handle. There are roughly 300 students that use the senior bathrooms daily, this is the predominant reason that the bacteria count was so excessive. Less than 100 students use the early learning centre bathrooms and less than 50 staff members circulate through the staff bathrooms. Although if circulation numbers were in proportion to student use, there would be at least ten times the bacteria found on the door handles in the early learning centre. Although the low bacterial count could be contributed to the fact that
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With limited restrictions of time or use of bathrooms, this could have also been the reason for such an extreme increase, with many female teenagers spending more time in front of the mirror, fixing their hair, make-up or uniform. Whereas students aged 7-12 are only allowed to enter bathroom after asking and are not allowed to enter the bathroom whenever they
Where do you go to the bathroom when you are in North Carolina? Public restrooms should be available to all people in the public. North Carolina passed House Bill 2, people are now required by law to use the bathroom that corresponds with the sex on their birth certificate. This was a target for transgender people using public bathrooms. The few exceptions are for custodial purposes, a person needing medical assistance, a minor under the age of seven, and a person that has been temporarily designated for use by that person’s biological sex. This bill also takes away your right to sue the state for discrimination. The problem with this law is that it discriminates against transgender people. The fear is that cisgender males will dress
Have you ever had a bad or horrible experience in the restroom? Have you ever felt uncomfortable and just ignored it? Well, if you have, you are not alone. Deartra D. Madkins-Boone’s “Strange Encounters of the Restroom Kinds" talks about a girl named Cheryl, who keeps hearing noises from her stomach, and feels quite uncomfortable. Despite hearing all the noises her stomach keeps making, she keeps ignoring all this just to go get some tacos. As her day continues, later on, she is forced to go to the restroom. She describes her awkward and embarrassing experience of what happened while she was using the restroom. In “Strange Encounters of the Restroom Kinds", Deartra Boone shows the main character Cheryl struggling through her day and the issues
This literature review will analyze and critically explore four studies that have been conducted on hand hygiene compliance rates by Healthcare workers (HCWs). Firstly, it will look at compliance rates for HCWs in the intensive care units (ICU) and then explore the different factors that contribute to low hand hygiene compliance. Hospital Acquired infections (HAI) or Nosocomial Infections appear worldwide, affecting both developed and poor countries. HAIs represent a major source of morbidity and mortality, especially for patients in the ICU (Hugonnet, Perneger, & Pittet, 2002). Hand hygiene can be defined as any method that destroys or removes microorganisms on hands (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2009). According to the World Health Organization (2002), a HAI can be defined as an infection occurring in a patient in a hospital or other health care facility in whom the infection was not present or incubating at the time of admission. The hands of HCWs transmit majority of the endemic infections. As
The lavatories in the women's dorm always get crowded on Saturday afternoon. B. The lavatorie's in the womens' dorm always get crowded on Saturday afternoon. C. The lavatories in the womens' dorm always get crowded on Saturday afternoon.
It is estimated that the cost of caring for people who contract a healthcare related infection is over 1 billion pounds a year (National Audit Office, 2009), which puts the emphasis on infection prevention and control into perspective. Hand hygiene has been highlighted as a key factor in reducing these incidences of infection and therefore reducing the costs to the NHS. Health care related infections can cause a range of symptoms from mild discomfort to serious, debilitating damage and even death. By reducing costs of avoidable infection, the money saved can be used in other areas of the NHS to improve the service for users and therefore improve the quality of life for many who are
The Interaction Order of Public Bathrooms, written by Spencer E. Cahill, is an article that does a fairly well job at analyzing interpersonal relationships and individual practices in restrooms. Cahill used ideologies of Emile Durkheim, Erving Goffman, Margaret Atwood, Horace Miner, and Lyn Lofland to help construct his perspective on the individual’s expectations of bathroom etiquette through our experiences with others and how we internalize these behaviors.
These infections are leading cause of healthcare-associated infections. According to NIH, 80% of all chronic infections are biofilm related. And according to CDC, 65 % of all microbial infections are directly related to the growth of the biofilms. Biofilms are very important for public health due to some of the biofilms, which exhibit decreasing susceptibility to antimicrobials. Biofilms are found nearly everywhere, and have a major impact on the health and well-being of humans along with health industries. Most biofilms are in a benign, slippery coating formation but others may cause serious damage to the health of an individual. A significant concern that sticks out to individuals is the contamination of medical utensils and devices such as urinary catheters, implants, etc. Biofilms can also cause nosocomial infections. Nosocomial infections are infections retrieved from a hospital setting, or hospital acquired infections
Bathrooms are a necessary part of one’s life; however could public restrooms be causing harm? Currently in the United States people are imprisoned within the binary of two genders. Someone can either be a male or a female, and depending on the gender a person is they are expected to act and look a certain way. These gender binaries are so prevalent in our lives; it is to the point where a large group of Americans are being overlooked. This group of Americans identifies as transgender, which means they do not fit society’s expectations of how a specific gender should look and behave. (gaycenter.org, 2012). When using a bathroom a person is most likely only offered with two choices, men’s and women’s. By only giving the choice of using a Men’s or a Women’s bathroom has further enforces the gender binary: “In the moment that one must choose between two doors—one marked “men” and one marked “women”—the binary construction of gender is never more blatantly
Whitby, M., Pessoa-Silva, C., Mclaws, M., Allegranzi, B., Sax, H., Larson, E., Seto, W., Donaldson, L. & Pittet, D. (2007). Behavioural considerations for hand hygiene practices: the basic building blocks. Journal Of Hospital Infection, 65 (1), pp. 113-114. 1--8.
In a middle school, locker rooms should be equipped with showers. If a school has extra money in their budget, and no showers, it should be necessary to purchase showers. After physical education, people become sweaty. After working very hard and exercising, people start to smell. Nobody wants to be the kid that brings a bad smell into their next class. The other students in the class most likely don’t want to have the bad smell in their class either. Teenagers, most of the time, have self hygiene and don’t want to smell bad. These students would want to take a shower and clean themselves. Not all people like being clean, but the students that do could use the showers. A shower also makes people feel better after working very hard. It relaxes
(2014) shed light on two key components for infection control, which includes protecting patients from acquiring infections and protecting health care workers from becoming infected (Curchoe et al., 2014). The techniques that are used to protect patients also provide protection for nurses and other health care workers alike. In order to prevent the spread of infections, it is important for health care workers to be meticulous and attentive when providing care to already vulnerable patients (Curchoe et al., 2014). If a health care worker is aware they may contaminate the surroundings of a patient, they must properly clean, disinfect, and sterilize any contaminated objects in order to reduce or eliminate microorganisms (Curchoe et al., 2014). It is also ideal to change gloves after contact with contaminated secretions and before leaving a patient’s room (Curchoe, 2014). Research suggests that due to standard precaution, gloves must be worn as a single-use item for each invasive procedure, contact with sterile sites, and non-intact skin or mucous membranes (Curchoe et al., 2014). Hence, it is critical that health care workers change gloves during any activity that has been assessed as carrying a risk of exposure to body substances, secretions, excretions, and blood (Curchoe et al.,
Humans are born as blank slates, tabula rasa. Because of this, the defining characteristic of being human is that we are shaped by our experiences and surroundings, thinking certain thoughts and performing certain actions based on these. This is not, however, exclusive to early learning, but also applies to changes in our thoughts or actions later in life.
From the journal “Malaysia Ecology Sustainable Toilet [M.E.S.T] : New Design Paradigm For Green & Zero Energy Public Toilets” by Azimin Samsul M Tazilan; Nik Lukman Nik Ibrahim; Zuhairuse M Darus; Isma. MS. Usman, Architecture Research Group [ARG] Department of Architecture, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia : Public Toilet in Malaysia not follow the current lifestyle and also outmoded. The issues at public toilet are involves vandalism, hygiene, privacy, health, ventilation, security, lighting and aesthetics.
The issue of gender neutral bathrooms and transgender bathrooms is a hot topic right now in North America. Some people are strongly for it and others are going to great lengths to stop it. The majority of public bathrooms in Canada and The United States of America are gender segregated. Public bathrooms are one of the last places to still be separated by gender. Men and women work with each other, sit next to each other in restaurants, use public pools together, and much more. A bathroom with a locked stall, or single occupancy washrooms with a lock, should not be much different. When the idea was raised by the LGBTQIA*+ community to have transgender bathrooms or gender neutral bathrooms, North America was divided. There were those with no
But just remember that if you wear rubber gloves to clean the toilet, take them off and clean your hands before cleaning any other part of the bathroom.