Assignment Four Vogt, M., Puntschart, A., Howald, H., Mueller, B., Mannhart, C., Gfeller-Tuescher, L., Mullis, P., and Hoppeler, H. (2003). Effects of dietary fat on muscle substrates, metabolism, and performance in athletes. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 35(6), 952-960. High carbohydrate (CHO) diets have been thoroughly investigated, showing that the increased glycogen stores resulting from such a diet may improve endurance performance. However, the role that high-fat diets play in endurance performance, substrate utilization, and other cellular mechanisms has been investigated to a significantly lesser degree. This is an interesting discrepancy, as it is widely accepted that as exercise duration increases, the role that …show more content…
This decrease in RER, in general terms, means that the utilization of lipids for energy metabolism is increased with an increased amount of fat in the diet as long as exercise intensity stays at an appropriate level. This information does not allow conclusion of high-fat diets being beneficial for endurance athletes, however, as both acute and chronic high-fat content ingestion has been shown to decrease endurance performance as well (Vogt et al., …show more content…
This is likely due to a variety of metabolic adaptations that increase the body’s ability to use fat as a substrate, including the following: “decreased muscle and liver glycogen storage and rate of breakdown, increased gluconeogenesis, increased triacylglycerol storage, and utilization, increased mitochondrial oxidative capacity, increased ketone production, and decrased use of glycolysis-dervied acetyl-CoA” (Fleming et al.,
Lipid metabolism is one source of energy for the human body. We eat food containing one form of lipids, triacylglycerols. Before starting lipid metyabolism, these fats get broken down into droplets by bile salts.Triacylglycerols can be broken into fatty acids plus glycerol via hydrolysis with the help of the pancreatic lipase enzymen and then get used by cells for energy by breaking down even further. Once the pancreas and cells have enough energy and don’t need to absorb anymore, fatty acids get synthesized back into triacylgleryols. The excess triacylglycerols get stored in adipose tissue. Excess storage leads to weight gain and obesity.
A NASCAR drivers’ training regimen throughout the season and during the off-season shows strong evidence that they are athletes. Nutrition is a key ingredient in the success of athletes in other sports, so NASCAR drivers and their crews practice healthy eating choices. On race day, nutrition is especially important for the crews. They eat no greasy foods for breakfast and load up on carbs for lunch so they can last the entire day at the track (Herlocker). Their diet proves that nutrition is key for the success of not only the drivers but for their crews as well.
amount of fat they consume on a daily basis thus causing the person to lose
Carb cycling, a diet plan that alters the intake of carbs on a daily basis in order to keep metabolism high without a plateau or muscle loss, is growing in popularity for everyday people, endurance athletes, power lifters, and body competitors. That is not too surprising considering its simplicity and effectiveness. The basis of carb cycling is that from day-to-day one’s diet is constantly changing in the amount of carbohydrates and fats that are consumed. This results in overall fat loss while gaining muscle with more psychological ease, making it one of the easiest diets out there; however, there is no day-by-day instruction manual to follow. It takes knowledge and knowing one’s body. Everyone’s body is different; thus, every diet will be different, but learning how to alter the diet based on one’s body and daily routines is the key. To be more specific, endurance athletes have very different nutrition needs than power lifters, non-endurance sports, and less active people.
Glycemic index is the measure of how quickly blood glucose rise after eating a particular kind of food. This is used by estimating the how much each gram of carbohydrate consumed raises a person’s glucose level. During intense exercise, the body uses glucose as energy source before it starts relying of fats. “Prolonged exercise can only be continued when there is an adequate amount of carbohydrate available to fuel muscle and the brain”(William,2004). This shows that the amount of carbohydrate/glucose that is found within the body’s tissue has a significant amount of influence to play on how effective the early hours of an exercise would be. Glycemic index helps one to know how effective the carbohydrate/glucose within the body is functioning during exercise.
Mettler, S. "Increased protein intake reduces lean body mass loss during weight loss in athletes.."
Muscle tissue burn more calories than fat even when you're resting. (See References 3) To stimulate muscle tissue as y...
Lehmann, Manfred, Carl Foster, and Joseph Keul. "Overtraining in endurance athletes: a brief review." Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise (1993).
What causes obesity is the fact that we as a nation are eating high calorie foods, and combined with poor exercise habits causes an overweight person. For example a regular bottle of coke contains roughly 65g. of sugar in every bottle(the 20 FL. Ounce). This is equivalent to 16.9 tea spoons of sugar a day, and let’s not forgets the carbohydrates(A teaspoon of sugar). As we know “carbs” for short, is the most common form of energy that the body uses for its daily needs. When carbs are eaten the body turns them into glycogen. Glycogen is stored inside the muscles and liver for energy when needed. When too much carbs enter the body and overfill the stores of already present glycogen, the body then turns excessive carbs into fat, and stored on the body. This is one of many contributors to excessive we...
Miller, SI and Wolfe, RR. "Physical exercise as a modulator of adaptation to low and high carbohydrate and low and high fat intakes." European Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 53:112-9, Apr. 1999
Innumerous scientists confirm that nutrition and dietary supplementation can deeply affect molecular and cellular processes that occur in the body during the exercise and the recovery process. This brief review analyzes the potential for performance enhancement through protein supplementation ingestion, and the importance of nutrition education for sports supplement users.
Proteins are extremely important in the growth of muscles, combined with weight training; protein can enhance muscle mass gain. Dependent on the athlete, the balance between weight lifting and protein intake will vary; a professional or trainer will measure the needed amount. Thought, all athletes will need a high protein diet, short track sprinters will not intake as much as much as a football player, for the sprinter would have a high carbohydrate diet. Resulting in instant energy opposed to the football players need for muscle mass and stored energy for long exercise periods.
There is now a large amount of evidence that carbohydrates can improve the performance of athletes. During high intensity exercise, carbohydrates are the main fuel for the muscles. By consuming high levels of carbohydrate before, during and after training or an event, glycogen stores are kept well stocked. These stocks help the athlete to perform for longer and help their bodies sustain the effort. The vital role of physical activity in maintaining health and fitness in the general population is now recognized. For those who want to keep fit and active, a well-balanced high-carbohydrate diet is recommended.
There is a relationship between food and exercise and people do not understand that. Everyone needs food in order for their body to work properly and do their daily activities, especially exercising. Without good nutrition, one will not be able to exercise effectively. To exercise effectively, one need the right caloric intake, energy, and nutrients in one’s body. The human body needs have carbohydrates, protein, fats, vitamins, minerals, and water to fuel it up, just like the car needs gas to run. Everyone should fuel their body with right foods so that they can maintain their energy levels. Bananas and lean white meats are examples of excellent sources of natural energy that can help the function properly and achieve fitness goals. Bananas are an excellent food to eat because they contain high potassium, makes the mind alert making the brain smarter, builds strong bones, and keeps the digestive system regulated. Lean white meat such as chicken and fish are good to eat because they make the tissues in the body healthy. Good nutrition is more important because if the body absorbs the nutrients it needs, one will be able to exercise very
...tochondrial lipid uptake (6). Therefore, evidence that lipid oxidation decreases throughout the body in people with obesity and insulin resistance as a result of impaired mitochondrial plasticity (7). It still remains unknown if insulin has direct and rapid effects on mitochondrial function. If insulin is responsible, the defects caused by IR might reflect deregulation of the lipid‑induced PPAR–PGC1 interaction after prolonged hyperlipidemia (8). This in effect leads to reduced lipid uptake into mitochondria in order to balance for lower mitochondrial content and increased lipids concentrations. As a result of this reduced lipid uptake, lipid induced uncoupling of the respiratory chain takes place, there is reduced oxidation of glycolytic substrates, which will detach fatty acid oxidation rates from citric acid cycle rates, resulting in metabolic distortion (7).