Hezbollah
• Introduction:
Hezbollah or the party of Allah was established during the first Lebanon war in 1982 by Iran and with assistance of Syria, Hezbollah is a Lebanese Shi’ite Muslim terrorist organization which appeared from Baalbek district of Lebanon Bekaa valley. Hezbollah immediately gain the approval of the Shia populace in south Lebanon specially Beirut. Hezbollah has been inspired by a group of young Iranian who were member of the Iranian Islamic Revolution; their goal was either expelling or killing of the Israeli who are in Lebanon, expelling through excessive reliance on physical violence such as series of crude guerrilla attacks like assassination, kidnapping and suicide bombing. Hezbollah is being supported from different countries such as from Syria, Arab nationalist, Iran and Iran‘s Quds forces since it is one of the most successful anti-Muslim military group which is located in the middle east. The ideology of Hezbollah has been inspired by radical Islam that is being preached by Ayatollah Khomeini and guides by the principle of Islam. Sayyad Abbas Musawi was the first leader of Hezbollah; he was born in 1952, who was an influential Lebanese Shia priest who work as a co-founder and secretary general of Hezbollah. He studied theology in a religious school which is Najaf, Iraq, where he was influence by the Khomeini thoughts; in 1992 he has been killed by Israel Defense Force. After Musawi died Hassan Nasrallah took the leadership of Hezbollah and he is the one who is taking all the decision. However, he makes a few public appearances but he is the one behind all the decision. He was a military commander; he studied theology in Iraq and Iran. In 1982 Hezbollah played an active role in Lebanese civil war w...
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... is a political party which is using the same formula which Bray use like reliance of physical violence and using different means such as suicide bombers, missiles, assassination and targeting civilian and military person in order to achieve their goals. Both have their own justification for committing act of violence. So the international community must put any types of sanction such as political, social and economic sanction in order to save the lives of those who are being targeted most of them are civilian by the these groups.
Work cited:
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The spiritual development of a community is a component absent in western formulations of modernity. For Deeb’s interlocutors the process of spiritual modernity is manifested in public piety and “authenticated Islam.” Deeb argues that women are essential participants in the construction of piety and “authenticated Islam” within the enchanted modern. Forms of public piety and social participation, including veiling, community service, and hosting Ashura majlis are necessary components in shaping this enchanted modern. Deeb further examines women’s roles in shifting away from a perceived religious backwardness towards a modern society throughout the second part of her book. Her discussion of the Ashura festival commemorating the martyrdom of Imam Husayn illustrates the shift from a traditional (taqlidi) form of religious worship to “authenticated Islam.” Deeb discusses how latam- self-flagellation- is considered backwards and according to pious Shi’i women the authenticated practice involves learning the lessons from Ashura and applying them to everyday life. The differences in traditional verses authenticated Islamic practices of Ashura reflect the increased participation and roles of women in the commemoration, and in the process of developing public piety and “authenticated
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HAMAS, an Arabic acronym meaning “Islamic Resistance Movement”, is the name of the socio-political organization currently in power over the Gaza Strip. For decades Jews & Muslims and Israelis & Palestinians, often one in the same, have fought for control over the region. Each have killed thousands of the other, destroyed infrastructures and used underhanded tactics to gain an advantage. Nations such as Japan, the European Union, the United States and (of course) Israel classify the group as terrorists, while nations such as Turkey, Russia and Switzerland do not. (King, 2010) Many factors are taken into consideration before a Nation-State denounces an organization as a “terrorist group”. A profile of HAMAS may help make clear why it is not uniformly denounced by all nations and with historical context, if they truly are freedom fighters in a resistance movement.
Most people think Israel always belonged to the Jews but it wasn’t always a safe, holy place where Jews could roam freely. Along with Palestine, it was actually forcefully taken from the Arabs who originated there. The main purpose of this novel is to inform an audience about the conflicts that Arabs and Jews faced. Tolan’s sources are mainly from interviews, documentations and observations. He uses all this information to get his point across, and all the quotes he uses is relevant to his points. The author uses both sides to create a non-biased look at the facts at hand. The novel starts in the year 1967 when Bashir Al-Khairi and his cousins venture to their childhood home in Ramallah. After being forced out of their homes by Jewish Zionists and sent to refuge for twenty years. Bashir arrives at his home to find a Jewish woman named Dalia Eshkenazi. She invites them into her home and later the...
It is evident for some scholars that the goal of this amalgamation is to implement the terms Arabs and Muslims with terrorism as a connotation. “Arab” equals “Muslim,” and “Muslim” equals “terrorist;” all become identical. It can also the other way round; the signifier “terrorist” can prompt other signifiers such as “Arab...
Abu Nidal organistation named for its leader Sabri al-Banna who was born in 1937 in a family who lived in a British- ruled Palestine. In 1948 there was a Arab- Israeli war and Banna and his family fled heading towards the west bank. In two years’ time Sabri al-Banna would join the Arab nationalist Baath party in 1950, by the time 1967 came Sabri al-Banna would be involve with the PLO. Abu Nidal (Sabri al-Banna) was representing al-Fatah who was the dominant group of the PLO, which was led by Yasir Arafat. Abu Nidal left the PLO because of its proposed creation of national authority in west bank and Gaza strip .Abul Nidal is a non-religious international terrorist organization that was sponsored by S...
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Al Qaeda is a terrorist organization established in Peshawar, Pakistan, between 1988 or 1989 by Osama bin laden and his teacher Abullah Yusuf Azzam. Al-Qaeda is an international terrorist network that considered the top terrorist threat to the United States. Al Qaeda is seeking to get rid of all westerns from Muslims territory and replace their own Islamic regime. They are a group of people who work to gather to plan act of terrorism against Muslim and non Muslim especially United State. Al Qaeda believes that they are fighting a holy war against enemy of their religion. People from many countries have joined this group including Afghanistan, Pakistan and Britain. This paper is going to present a brief historical background of Al Qaeda that how it emerged with their ideology, view, believe, and goals they have and also it presents the Activities which this group has been done before and after the very massive attack they had in US in September 11, 2001 and the international responses to this act of violence. Finally this paper will end up with comparing this Organization (Al Qaeda) with Reverend Mike Bray the Christian terrorist.
The threat of global terrorism continues to rise with the total number of deaths reaching 32,685 in 2015, which is an 80 percent increase from 2014 (Global Index). With this said, terrorism remains a growing, and violent phenomenon that has dominated global debates. However, ‘terrorism’ remains a highly contested term; there is no global agreement on exactly what constitutes a terror act. An even more contested concept is whether to broaden the scope of terrorism to include non-state and state actors.
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In this book , Esposito provides a succinct, up-to-date survey of the Islamic experience, an introduction to the faith, belief, and practice of Islam from its origins to its contemporary resurgence. He traces the emergence and development of this dynamic faith and its impact on world history and politics. He discusses the formation of Islamic belief and practice (law, theology, philosophy, and mysticism), chronicling the struggle of Muslims to define and adhere to their Islamic way of life. Equally important is the essential information Esposito provides on the contemporary world of Islam, from Muslim responses to the challenges of colonialism and modernization to the reassertion of Islam in politics and society.