“If forgers and male factors are put to death by the secular power, there is much more reason for excommunicating and even putting to death one convicted of heresy.” (Thomas Aquinas). The novel The Ramsay Scallop by Frances Temple is a historical fiction novel with many historical facts. This novel has accurate and non accurate historical facts. In the novel, it mentions some facts about heresy and heretics. Reading this novel, the author describes heresy, the torturing of heretics, and the war against heretics mostly historically accurate.
Although the author describes heresy mostly accurate, heresy is also described non accurately. This quote shows that heresy is not described accurately. “Toledo, in southern Spain, Arab and Christian scholars study there together. Jewish scholars too, all of them working together to translate texts.” (Temple p.109). This quote describes heresy incorrectly because Christians would only work with Christians because the church only accepts Christians and Christians torture non Christians like Arabs and Jews. Therefore they wouldn’t work together. “Elenor tried these words.” (Temple p.227). This quote shows that Elenor is saying Islamic words. Since she is, the quote describes heresy incorrectly because Christians didn’t say Islamic religious sayings. These quotes show that heresy is described incorrectly throughout this novel.
The author describes heresy mostly accurate in this novel. “We do not see how you Christians can call him one and yet also three.” (Temple p.226). This quotes shows that Christians and Arabs don’t agree with religion and don’t get each other’s religion, so this quote describes heresy correctly. “What is the religion they call- Islam?” (Temple p.228). This quote describes ...
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...cs were forced to drink tons of water or other fluids or were forced to put burning coals on their body. Some heretics were tortured on a rack. The rack dislocated them or their arms and legs could be torn off. (Freeman). There were many other ways that they tortured heretics.
Since heretics were a big problem according to the church, Pope Innocent III got involved. Pope Innocent III called a crusade on heretics which started a war. Pope Innocent III called the crusade on heretics because he believed they were too big of a threat to ignore. It was a 20 year, long, bloody battle against the heretics. The result of the war was that the war destroyed many towns and thousands of people were killed. The war took place in France. He and the church wanted the country to be heretic free. Almost all heretics were killed during the bloody 20 year war. (Burstein and Shek).
The Protestant Reformation in Europe caused conflicts between the Catholics and Protestants, but ultimately ended up in unity. The first religious war was fought between the Schmalkaldic League and Charles V. That war ended up in the Peace of Augsburg, which let each German state choose their leader, and all of the people
Pope Urban II was sought by Alexius Comnenus, a Byzantine Emperor who wanted the papacy to help his army hold off the advancing Seljuk Turks in Asia Minor. The reason for Alexius Comnenus contacting the pope rather than another emperor or monarch wasn’t just the fact they were secular, but because the pope would have more power to persuade the people. The Gregorian movement in 1050-80 was ultimately was responsible for the new instilled power of the papacy’s position over nonreligious rulers. The pope agreed to aid the Byzantine emperor, but he also had his own agenda when it came to the military advances and the new power of his position. The papacy did not intend to only help the Byzantine Empire but to further save all of Christendom from being overrun.
The Crusades were the first tactical mission by Western Christianity in order to recapture the Muslim conquered Holy Lands. Several people have been accredited with the launch of the crusades including Peter the Hermit however it is now understood that this responsibility rested primarily with Pope Urban II . The main goal of the Crusades was the results of an appeal from Alexius II, who had pleaded for Western Volunteers help with the prevention of any further invasions. The Pope’s actions are viewed as him answering the pleas of help of another in need, fulfilling his Christian right. However, from reading the documents it is apparent that Pope Urban had ulterior motives for encouraging engagement in the war against the Turks. The documents and supporting arguments now highlight that the Pope not only sought to recruit soldiers to help but also to challenge those who had harmed the Christians community and annihilate the Muslims. He put forth the idea that failure to recapture this lands would anger God and that by participating, God would redeem them of their previous sins.in a time of deep devoutness, it is clear this would have been a huge enticement for men to engage in the battle. Whether his motives were clear or not to his people, Pope Urban’s speeches claiming that “Deus vult!” (God wills it) encouraged many Christians to participate and take the cross.
Others had the Achilles tendon cut; worst of all, some were killed. Not only were these punishments given if they tried to escape, but the punishments that may have been given if they tried to escape where nothing compared to what could have been done just to keep the slaves in check. On a few accounts, owners in Virginia, would smoke their slaves like meat. Another master would nail the slaves in a box with the nails sticking out and toss them off a steep hill so that they would hit the nails as they went down. These are only a few examples of what could have happened.
In present times there are laws about religion being separate from government. In medieval and renaissance times things were not the same. Religion played a big part in everyday life and also in huge government decisions. At the start of these religiously ruled times the only source of religious guidance was the Roman Catholic Church. Therefore the Roman Catholic Church was the leading power of the medieval times. There were some in the common crowd who decided that the Roman Catholic Church was wrong for wanting all the power and started fighting back. The names of a few of these people are Martin Luther, Nicolaus Copernicus, and Galileo Galilei. They were some of the famous theologists and scientist of their times and because of their research they were the most capable of fighting against the church. Martin Luther was the first of the three mentioned to start fighting the church, and it was Galileo Galilei who was at the tail end of them with Copernicus in the middle. The three of them, with a few of their colleagues, were able to steal the power of the church and give it to the people lower down the ladder through what the church called heretical and pernicious doctrine. With that doctrine and persistence the “thinkers” of the Middle Ages took power from the church and brought it to more deserving people and they were completely correct in doing so. This was the start of a religious revolution and also separation of church and state.
To establish the nature of Clemens’ critique it is necessary to first analyze and then summarily characterize the nature of the war theology in, “The Book of Joshua”. Reading, “The Book of Joshua”, it is easy to see how human conflict has been so often justified with religion. Joshua in the conquest of Jericho commands the killing of all but the entire population of Jericho shouting, “Shout! For the Lord has given you the city! The city and all that is in it are to be devoted to the Lord. Only Rahab the prostitute and all who are with her in her house shall be spared, because she hid the spies we sent.” (New International Version, Joshua 6). “The Book of Joshua” routinely advertises God’s chosen people practicing total warfare against the lands they are conquering. In the campaign against AI the text details, “When Israel had finished killing all the men of Ai in the fields and in the wilderness where they had chased them, and when every one of them had been put to the sword, all the Israelites returned to Ai and killed those who were in it.” (New International Version, Joshua 8). The Israelites found in the Old Testament is, in a word, ruthless. The Israelites practice of genocide is a common occurrence, in the campaign against Makkedah the text recounts, “That day Joshua took Makkedah. He put the city and its king to the sword and totally destroyed everyone in it. He left no survivors. And he did to the king of Makkedah as he had done to the king of Jericho.” (New International Version, Joshua 10). God’s endorsement of these slaughters can be left in no doubt as he actively participates in the genocide. “The Book of Joshua”, in reference to those the hearts of those the Israelites conquered, details, “For it was the LORD himself who hardened
Over the years in history, there have been many formidable executions that were caused by the aspect of different faiths and races. Period after period there have been many leaders who lashed out onto others because of what they believed in. All of these incidents have never been forgotten; one very infamous one would be the Spanish Inquisition. The Spanish Inquisition was started to “cleanse” the Church of heretics and purify Spain. They executed Jews, Muslims, and other minorities not of Christian faith. Ferdinand and Isabella were in crown of Spain and appointed the Church to start the Spanish Inquisition. These cases will be discussed in the fallowing paper.
This caused a lot of deaths during the Reformation period because the Catholic church decided to prosecute people for following and listening to what Luther had taught them about the real Catholic Teachings. The Council of Trent was a way to stop the teachings of Catholic traditions and state clearly the renewal of the Catholic life. The work of the council was concerned with the organisation of the Church. A seminary was going to be set up for the education of priests in each diocese. During the reformation a Catechism which is a clear summary of Catholic beliefs was set out to help reform the order of Mass throughout the Catholic world which priests then helped educate and teach this understanding to Catholics. Indulgence selling was abolished which means that it was no longer a way for the Church to scavenge money and the infamous Inquisition was
The constables brought in a wooden cross, which was a torture device and "made Hsu kneel down with his back to this cross and lashed his throat. His wrists were put through two holes at the ends of the crossbar, and his hands tied securely to the bar, so that they could not slip through. They passed a thick, round pole between the back of his thighs and his calves, and finally laid a long, heavy wooden beam across his lap." (194) After the device was set up "Judge Dee ordered them to
In 1096 the zealous Christian Crusades began in Europe. The Church wanted to have the Holy Land, ...
“It is an incendiary device; who knows what we’d make of it, if we ever got our hands on it?” (87). The “incendiary device” that Offred refers to is a Bible that is locked away to prevent someone from reading it. I choose the word incendiary because when I usually think of incendiary a Bible is not the first thing that comes to my mind. I would think of something that is able to cause mass destruction and when I thought about it longer religion is destroying Gilead, The citizens are forced to live a certain way and anyone who challenges it will face
Throughout the ten-century, particularly in France, the world had become an extremely violent place. Feudal Knights were often quarreling over land possession, looting, and looking to lay people to provide them with sustenance . Likewise, the power of these knights and the extent of violence flourished due to the increasingly lacking power and authority of the kings . The Church, in an attempt to halt the violence and anarchy attempted to take control and issued such concepts as “the Peace of God” . Similarly, at this time other movements for peace by the Church were underway, and one of the commonly held ideas was the need to transform the world to more “monkish ideals”. From these ideals also sprouted the concept of the laity having “God-given functions to perform, functions that could include fighting to protect the Church”. Pope Leo IX (1049-1054) is an example of this idea; he often used militia to fight against his opponents. In the early eleventh century, there came a pivotal figure in the ideas of Church sanctioned war, Pope Gregory VII (1073-1085). Pope Gregory was involved in the Investiture Contest, and soon turned to scholars to seek out “justification for his conviction that violence could be used in defense of the Church and could be authorized by it”. The movements generated by Pope Gregory, as well as the results of the Inve...
him in conflict with the orthodox people, for it contradicted their teachings. What it said was that, “
Scholars have shifted from the notion that the Bible differs from other ancient Near Eastern literature, cultures, and religions. If this were so, the Bible would be considered a myth. In this chapter Oswalt gives descriptions to what a myth is and gives insight into whether it is acceptable to label the Bible as a myth. Since the 1960s, scholars have been stating that the attributes of the Bible and its contemporary belief system have more in common to a myth even though the data used to make these claims have remained the same.
It is interesting how Fromm exposes his theory from a perspective of the two great world religions – Christianity and Judaism. Unfortunately, he does not include an analysis of Islam – the second most widespread religion. The examination of Quran and its comparison with the Bible and the Talmud would have been a valuable addition to the book.