Wait a second!
More handpicked essays just for you.
More handpicked essays just for you.
insulin research paper
a reflection on insulins
a reflection on insulins
Don’t take our word for it - see why 10 million students trust us with their essay needs.
Recommended: insulin research paper
Introduction (20%)
-Information is used to make an insightful and convincing argument for the hypothesis
-Detailed and complete for specific treatment, measurable outcome, and context.
Introductory paragraph about the broad field of the research.
Each subsequent paragraph becomes more specific, so together they provide all the relevant background information that is needed to understand the hypothesis.
Finally, at the end of the section, you should state the scope of the experiment you performed and your hypothesis.
Glucose metabolism is primordial for the correct functioning of the body, an equilibrium in its levels could lead to diseases and ultimately death. Glucose is used as energy source for muscle contraction as its breakdown produce ATP (Chen et al., 2010). Blood glucose levels (BGL) are regulated by hormones produced in the pancreas; Insulin (Perelis et al., 2015) and Glucagon (Tirosh, 2014), which work together to maintain healthy levels in the body.
Insulin promote glucose uptake from the blood into muscle and fat to be converted into glycogen and used as energy reservoir. Insulin therefore, lowers BGL in its presence. Glucagon, in the other hand promote glycogen breakdown to ensure glucose release, that then will be used as ATP source to allow energy expenditure by the body (Chen et al., 2010).
Exercise post ingestion of a meal decrease glucose levels and block endogenous glucose production, as glucose is used as ATP source to allow muscle contraction. BGL decrease faster in individuals that experience exercise compared to individuals who don’t (Jeukendrup et al., 1999).
In the present experiment the effect of exercise on blood glucose levels after a meal will be investigated. It is expected that after the ...
... middle of paper ...
...l glucose metabolism among men and women in all age groups (Basu et al., 2006). Dietary habits may also play an important role in glucose homeostasis. A regular diet that is rich in protein could affect the secretion of insulin and glucagon, and could affect gluconeogenesis and blood glucose levels(Linn et al., 2000).
In conclusion, we have presented data that supports that exercise post-ingestion of a high glucose loaded meal decrease the blood glucose levels compared to the glucose levels of the individuals who rested as seen in figure 1. This could be basis for further research regarding glucose homeostasis. Future studies are need to elucidate the mechanism by which glucose is metabolized in recovery time and how insulin and glucagon hormones control this.
but augments its utilization during subsequent exercise. Journal of Applied Physiology, 99, 707-714.
This is monitored by the cells within the Islets of Langerhans, which is located in the control (the pancreas). After skipping a meal or tough physical exercise blood glucose concentration decreases. Alpha cells in the islets detect this drop and are stimulated to secrete glucagon. Glucagon is a polypeptide hormone which influences an increase in blood glucose concentration. Glucagon travels through the bloodstream until it reaches glucagon receptors which are predominantly found in the liver, as well as, the kidneys. Glucagon stimulates the breakdown of stored glycogen to be released into the bloodstream as glucose. It also stimulates the conversion of amino acids into glucose and the breakdown of fat into fatty acids. These effectors cause an increase in blood glucose levels back towards the normal. This increase in blood glucose concentration is detected by the alpha cells which then stop the secretion of
Our body obtains the energy by digesting the carbohydrates into glucose. Volumes of glucose are required by the body to create ATP. ATP is short for 'Adenosine Triphosphate ' and is an energy carrier. When we consume too many carbohydrates our body produces a lot of glucose and as a result blood glucose levels rise and sometimes they may rise over the normal range of blood glucose concentration. To bring it back within the healthy range, the homeostatic system of blood glucose regulation is used. The blood flows through the pancreas where the beta cells, receptors, detect the high blood glucose level. To counteract this stimuli beta cells alert the control centre, which are also the beta cells located in the islets of Langerhans in the pancreas. The secretion of insulin has to be done quickly but can only be carried out when insulin gene is switched on. Turning on the insulin gene switch can take 30 minutes to an hour therefore, the production of insulin by beta cells are done in advance and are packaged in vesicles right until blood glucose rises. Glucose comes into the beta cell to trigger the vesicle that contains the insulin to move towards the plasma membrane and fuse. This releases the insulin into the bloodstream where they are distributed throughout the body and only affect specific target cells. The receptor, a protein, on the target cell’s plasma membrane recognises and connects
9. Zaharieva, D. P., & Riddell, M. C. (2013). Caffeine and glucose homeostasis during rest and exercise in diabetes mellitus. Applied Physiology, Nutrition & Metabolism, 38(8), 813-822.
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a condition in the body that is related to a faulty metabolism. It means that the body’s metabolism is not functioning properly, which leads to adverse effects in the health. The food we ingest, gets broken down into blood sugar (glucose), which is what fuels our body in the form of energy. This converted glucose needs to enter our cells so that it can be used for energy and growth. And in order for the glucose to enter our cells, there needs to be insulin present, which the beta cells of the pancreas is responsible for producing. This hormone is responsible for maintaining glucose level in the blood. It allows the body cells to use glucose as a main energy source.
Exercise can be used in conjunction to dietary control when diet alone is not maintaining appropriate glucose levels. The American Diabetes Association recommends participating in both aerobic (walking at a fast pace, swimming laps, playing tennis) and resistance training exercises (free weights or weight machines, resistance bands, wall-sits) .However, it is still controversial to endorse exercis...
...ll cause your blood sugars to lower (Mayo Clinic Staff). While working out you will notice that your blood sugar levels will be all over the place so its important to have things such as glucose pills just in case your levels drop too low. Exercise may not be the cure for diabetes but it could be the thing that prevents you from getting it.
Exercise is found to be the best at regulating the body's hunger response. The body fat that's used during exercise is consumed as fuel, which is a controlled burn. The body's chemicals of leptin, ghrelin, and insulin are kept on an even keel. All of this is regulated by the hypothalamus, which is always watching and waiting to read hunger signals.
The postabsorptive state is the period when the GI tract is empty and energy comes from the breakdpwn of our body’s reserves. The importance of the postabsorptive state is to maintain blood glucose levels. The brain fuels itself using glucose as its energy source. We can get glucose from stored glycogen, tissue proteins, and some from fats. The first available store of glucose is in the liver’s stores of glycogen. These stores can maintain blood sugar levels for around four hours. When the liver stores begin to get small, glycogenolysis begins to take place in skeletal muscles. The glucose in the skeletal muscles is converted to pyruvic acid, which enters the blood and is converted back to glucose by the liver and again reenters the blood.
The onset of obesity is believed to stem from multiple causes, both physiological and environmental. An example of a cause of obesity might include the lack of exercise, however in this review I will foc...
In order for the body to maintain homeostatic levels of energy, blood glucose regulation is essential. Glucose is one of the body’s principal fuels. It is an energy-rich monosaccharide sugar that is broken down in our cells to produce adenosine triphosphate. In the small intestine, glucose is absorbed into the blood and travels to the liver via the hepatic portal vein. The hepatocytes absorb much of the glucose and convert it into glycogen, an insoluble polymer of glucose. Glycogen, which is stored in the liver and skeletal muscles, can easily be reconverted into glucose when blood-glucose levels fall. All of the body’s cells need to make energy but most can use other fuels such as lipids. Neurons; however, rely almost exclusively on glucose for their energy. This is why the maintenance of blood-glucose levels is essential for the proper functioning of the nervous system.
The metabolic process to manage blood glucose levels starts with the consumption of food and the glucose entering the bloodstream. Once the level of glucose in the bloodstream is detected, the pancreas responds by releasing insulin into the bloodstream which allows the glucose to be accepted into the body cells. Insulin also allows excess glucose to be stored in the liver where it is turned into glycogen. If the blood
Sadowska, Joanna. "EVALUATION OF THE EFFECT OF CONSUMING AN ENERGY DRINK ON THE CONCENTRATION OF GLUCOSE AND TRIACYLGLYCEROLS AND ON FATTY TISSUE DEPOSITION. A MODEL STUDY.." 11.3 (2012): 311-318. ebsco. Web. 11 Mar 2014.
Immediately after a high carbohydrate meal, Insulin secrets rapidly due to glucose absorption into blood. This insulin act on many tissues in body and insulin turn causes rapid uptake, storage and use of glucose almost all issues of the body, but especially by the muscles, adipose tissue and liver. (8)
When a person exercises the body uses either sugar or fatty acids as fuel to create energy. During the beginning of an exercise most of the sugar that is used as fuel comes from the bloodstream or the muscles. After about 15 minutes the fuel starts to come from the liver. When one exercises after 30 minutes the body receives energy from free fatty acids and glycogen gets stored resulting in a decrease in blood sugar levels. Glycogen is the sugar stored in the liver and muscles.
• energy intake limits related to the energy output of the individual (the Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR) + activity level shoul...