In his novel The Great Divorce, C.S. Lewis depicts two settings: one of a grey town where whatever you want is provided for you and another of grand pasture. These settings, in the book, represent Heaven in Hell in a way, depending on which character's perspective the places are viewed from. However, the places that the main character visits and the journey that he takes is one that can be used to model the journey of our spiritual walk. Similar to how the protagonist starts in a bleak town then travels through a beautiful but harsh pasture towards the mountains, our lives start in the darkness of sin, but then we travel through the treacherous but worthwhile journey of faith towards eternity with God.
As humans, we are born into sin; from a Christian standpoint, it's a very bleak existence being of the world and attempting to satiate ourselves with temporary means of pleasure. This is similar to the start of The Great Divorce: the main character starts wandering in a grey town, an experience that he describes as "always in the rain and always in evening twilight." The protagonist comes to discover later that existence in the grey town can be described as "hell," from the viewpoint of the solid people. It's not difficult to see why; it's not uncommon to find a person who's "quarreled so badly [with his neighbor] that he decides to move." This quarreling implies a global sense of hatred for one another. As it says in 1 John 4:8, "Anyone who does not love does not know God, because God is love." Furthermore, in Romans 3:23, scripture mentions, "For all have sinned and fall short of the glory of God." God and hatred/sin are mutually exclusive, and thus the grey town is an existence without God, similar to a life of sin. Note how the ...
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...repentant people are those who have sinned and suffered the most—murders, thieves, prostitutes, etc. In the novel, there is even a solid person— a murder in his earthly life—attempting to escort one of the ghosts. But the ghosts, as mentioned, make pitiful excuses because they've never had the feeling of complete brokenness and have never felt the need to completely surrender to Him. Therefore, I feel that Lewis is making a call to those who have had some semblance of faith their entire lives; he calls them to have the same passion for Christ that the more weathered sinners have when they first meet Him. In the same way that we wouldn't complain about our food options when we realize there are those who can't afford food, Lewis shows us that we shouldn't complain when following Him as there are those who had to go through hell on earth to fully appreciate His grace.
Humans are born sinful and are full of evil desires, like greed and selfishness. Individualism drives us apart and poisoned our mutual relationships” (Kuyper, Abraham, and James W. Skillen 25). Kuyper says that, “Every creature, our Confessions says so beautifully, must serve man, so that man may serve God” (Kuyper, Abraham, and James W. Skillen 23). Humans being are called to serve each other; in God’s commandments He says to love our neighbor as ourselves. Kuyper says, “…the cause of evil lay in this: that men regarded humanity as cut off from its eternal destiny, did not honor it as created in the image of God, and did not reckon with the majesty of the Lord” (Kuyper, Abraham, and James W. Skillen 26). Kuyper says that “Our society is losing touch with Christ…” and that is the main problem with society (Kuyper, Abraham, and James W. Skillen
For a moment, imagine being in young Hughes’ place, and hearing, “Langston, why don’t you come? Why don’t you come and be saved? Oh, lamb of God! Why don’t you come?” (Hughes, 112), being whispered into your ear by your aunt as tears rush down her face. Would you not take the easy way out? How could someone at the age of twelve understand the torment that follows such an event? Hughes learned that night just what he had done, and what it meant, as he mentions in his essay when he says, “That night, for the last time but one- for I was a big boy twelve years old- I cried. I cried, in bed alone, and couldn’t stop. I buried my head under the quilts, but my aunt heard me….I was really crying because I couldn’t bear to tell her that I had lied, that I had deceived everybody in the church, and that I hadn’t seen Jesus, and that now I didn’t believe there was a Jesus anymore, since he didn’t come to help me” (Hughes, 112). At the first moment he was alone in silence, he understood what he had learned, and what it meant. That not only did he lie to his aunt, and to the church, but in his time of need, no one was there to help. There was no God by his side as he knelt on the church
Let’s go back to biblical times for just a moment. Fromm explains that during the time Adam and Eve reside in the Garden of Eden, they live in innocence and harmony. This harmony is disrupted by the “Act of Disobedience,” which is labeled in biblical terms as the “original sin.” This act of disobedience describes the first moral flaw, and the consequential corruption of mankind. By disobeying God, Adam and Eve take the first steps towards independence and freedom. This helps them reach their spiritual and intellectual capacity. After Adam and Eve leave the Garden of Eden, they create a new harmony referred to as “the end of days” (622). To the prophets, man is right to disobey; this allows him to think for himself. In many ways, parents encourage kids to think for themselves. By simply picking out their clothes or packing their own lunch, children move away from following their parents, and towards the formation of their own identities...
He believed that since they were older and had more knowledge “they ought to know” ( Hughes, para. 2 ) the events that would occur during the religious revival, thus he presumed his aunt spoke the truth. As children, they were taught to trust and respect their elders, thus, Langston in his younger years followed the orders of his aunt; the lies fed to him in his adolescent years destroyed his virtues. He was disappointed and “ashamed” ( Hughes para. 11 ) once he recognized that Jesus would not reveal himself. His disappointment conveyed the parallelism and repetition of “nothing” ( Hughes para. 7 ). Specifically when he realized that “nothing happened” ( Hughes para. 7 ) during the religious revival he started to doubt himself and reflect how foolish his actions were. The shift in the narrative emphasized that he no longer believed in his religious salvation and punishment for his sins. He “got up” ( Hughes para. 12 ) from his placement in his sins while the rest of the children had confirmed so easily; Hughes could not understand the figurative language of the salvation. Hughes expected to physically see Jesus because of the adults in his life have enlightened him that he would, although they manipulated him to believe he would be
the most. Not only does the audience relate to him but so do the other
The Great Divorce by C.S. Lewis suggests that choices made on earth have a consequential effect towards our acceptance into heaven or our plummet into hell. In this book pride manifests itself in a hundred subtle ways as souls whine about perceived injustices or irrational motives. Thankfully, a few tourists do humble themselves, become transformed into marvelously real beings, and remain in heaven. But most don't, about which the great Scottish author George MacDonald, Lewis' heavenly guide, says, “They may not be rejecting the truth of heaven now. They may be reenacting the rejection they made while on earth”.
is exemplified in No Exit. It is a portrayal that life in Hell is just
There was a man by the name of Thomas of Elderfield who had a life full of ups and downs, but who never lost his faith in Christianity. He came from a poor family and worked his way up the social ladder to a successful business man. This climb up the social ladder was beneficial to him, but soon led to trouble as he attracted a suitor. After several years of infidelity with the suitor, Thomas’s conscious got to him and he discontinued seeing the married woman. His faith in God kept him from returning to her despite her repeated attempts at pulling him into sin. Thomas could not live with the weight of the sin on his shoulders so he went to a priest to confess what was causing him anguish and repent for his sins. “Eventually God's grace intervened and remorse stung him; so he presented himself to a priest and took his healthy advice to do proper penance for his offence,” (Malmesbury, par. 2). The woman remarried a man named George years after her first husband had passed away. In time George found out about his new wife’s previous infidelity...
The term “Jerusalem Syndrome” refers to when a visitor to the city leaves with a full fledged belief that they are the messiah, an angel or the devil himself. Rebecca Kozak, a 17 year old Writing student based in Victoria can be said to have developed both San Francisco Syndrome and New York Syndrome in her travels. She takes herself as a Frisco Beatnik poet and a New York rocker girl all at once. The surprising thing is that she is correct on both counts! The Frisco side of her is an eccentric intellectual who can quote whole chunks from Arthur Rimbaud’s A Season in Hell, then segue into a spiel about the “Brechtian films of our times,” with references to Jim Jarmusch and Harmony Korine. This Kozak will make grandiose statements such as: “At
“Be not too quickly warm again. Lie cold; consent / To weariness' and pardon's watery element.” (11-12) Clearly, the speaker wants to let go of and put out the light which was mentioned in line five of the poem. Telling his body to consent, the speaker states his desire to no longer fight, to no longer go on in their rugged body, to no longer be tired. Because of the diction throughout the poem it gives the reader the image of someone who no longer controls their body, who sees death as a form of relief. Regardless of rather Lewis wrote this about his own experience of death, the feelings of contentment and hope reflect his beliefs. Being a christian would cause Lewis to not fear death, to be willingly to let go when his time came, feeling as though he lived a full
Foreboding and dreadful describe the tone of “Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God”. Edwards makes the tone very clear by saying “The God that holds you over the pit of Hell, much as one holds a spider or some loathsome insect over the fire” (154). He tries to convey the wrath of god that will come upon them if they do not devoted themselves to Christ by saying “Thus all you that never passed under a great change of heart, by the mighty power of the Spirit of God upon souls, all you that were never born again, and made new creatures, and raised from being dead in sin, to a state of new, and before altogether unexperienced light and life, are in the hands of an angry God.” (154).
Lewis is now talking about forgiveness. Forgiveness sounds easy until you find yourself having to forgive someone who has done you wrong. When forgiving someone you don’t have to like them or agree with what they have done, but you do have tell yourself to stop holding a grudge when you think about what that other person has done. But when forgiving someone you have said that you no longer hold that against them. Also God says that we should forgive others like he forgave us and we have done more wrong to him that the other way around.
I believe that in Lewis’s view people reject God because of the choices that they make, for some it is by their actions, others it is self-fulfillment, but for all it is their choice of how they interact with God. People reject God when they choose to remain separate from God instead of fully embracing a life with God. Lewis introduces us to many ghosts who make decisions resisting heaven and returning to hell. They get stuck in their decisions because they are lost, for one reason or another; they are unable to completely and fully accept God in their lives. They believe it is easier, “better to reign in Hell than serve in Heaven.” (71 ) Lewis explains “There is always something they prefer to joy” (71). We are introduced
I have a very pessimistic outlook on human nature. I genuinely believe in the statement made by St. Augustine, in his writing of the “City of God”, that the “man is marked by the original sin” and has “fallen after disobeying God”. All this, of course is in reference to the sin
Lahiri, Jhumpa. “Hell-Heaven.” The Bedford Introduction to Literature. Ed. Michael Meyer. 9th ed. Boston: Bedford/St. Martin’s, 2011. 638-651. Print.