Discussion
The principal feature of this window that counteracts heat loss via conduction and convection, in particular, is the Double Glazing – two panes of glass (both 6mm) separated by 12mm of vacuum. Referring to Figure 2, the vacuum offers a break in materials through which heat can conduct through (as there are no particles in a vacuum) and, therefore, the heat conducting towards the colder body (outside) is trapped within the first pane of glass. The proximity of the panes of glass also affects the performance of a Double Glaze unit considerably. It is paramount to achieve an effective balance of separation; the cavity between the panes of glass should be around 12mm – a thinner gap will result in easier transmittance of heat radiation from inside the window and a thicker gap (such as the commonly used 16mm gap) can result in small-scale convection currents being developed inside the cavity if air is used or if air leaks in (see ADDITIONAL RECOMMENDATIONS for how to prevent air leaks). (Karlsruhe, 2008) The fact that there is no air in the gap makes convection impossible and even if air managed to leak in, the 12mm gap would be too narrow for the air to be a genuine threat. Furthermore, the cool air outside will not flow towards the window as the heat that would have usually been on the outside is not. Customarily, Double Glazing involves separating the two panes by air, however if this is the case, the air within the cavity will be warmed by the inner pane. When this warm air rises and is replaced by cooler air, a small-scale convection current is developed which transfers heat from the inner pane through to the outer pane (CWCT, 2010). Also, it is recommended that a vacuum is used instead of gas as the vacuum itself has a...
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...ble light is also reduced (U.S Department of Energy, 2012). Similarly, reflective coatings block more light than heat, lowering Visible Light Transmission (VLT) radically (U.S Department of Energy, 2012).
Figure 4 exemplifies how Low Iron glass and Low E glass concurrently work to maximise the heat gain and retention within the house. Since Low Iron glass has a high absorptivity, transmittance and SHGC, solar radiation is admitted inside (Note only short-wave radiation is admitted). The Low E glass, on the other hand, has a very low emissivity (0.02) and, thus, reflects nearly all of the long-wave radiation. The recommended types of glass, coupled with the Double Glazed vacuum unit with a uPVC frame and spacer bars, effectively isolates the heat to the inside of the room, impedes the transfer of heat to the outside and allows passage of extra heat from the outside.
American businesswoman Carly Fiorina once concluded, “If a decision-making process is flawed and dysfunctional, decisions will go awry.” In the critically acclaimed memoir The Glass Castle, Jeannette Walls pilots a turbulent excursion through the bottleneck of her childhood and dysfunctionality and flawed decision-making is all too common. Throughout this memoir the reader learns of the the appearances and disappearances of stability and functionality, discovers the theme of fantasy vs. reality, and determines how and why the familial dynamics of the Walls alter through the duration of the memoir. The reasons for the instability of the family are evident.
In the film Rear Window directed by Alfred Hitchcock, a significant shift of power is portrayed. This shift occurs between the protagonist of the film, L.B Jeffries and his romantic partner, Lisa Freemont. This shift also aids in outlining the main theme of the film, which is marriage, as all aspects of marriage are observed and taken into account by Jeffries. The change of dominance within Lisa and Jeffries relationship can be broken down into three stages, which develop and change throughout the film. At the beginning of the film Jeffries is shown to have the power within the relationship as he dictates the parameters of the relationship, however he is also intimidated by Lisa 's social standing. Towards the middle of the film the possession
Have you ever wondered why the plastic bag that you left on the porch during winter cracks or breaks more easily than when you left it during summer time but a piece of wood which was left just like the plastic bag has no effect whatsoever? This is because of a phenomenon, which only happens to polymers, known as the glass transition. For each polymer, there is a certain temperature at which the amorphous polymers undergo a second order phase transition from a rubbery and viscous amorphous solid to a brittle and glassy amorphous solid called the glass transition temperature, Tg.1 When the polymer, or in this case, the plastic bag, is cooled below their glass transition temperature, it becomes hard and brittle like a glass but when it is used above their glass transition temperatures, it might have a different effect than when used at room temperature or below the glass transition temperature as normally, different types of polymers like clothes, food packaging, insulations for wires, etc. are either used above their glass transition temperatures or
GLASS written by ellen hopkins intermenes the real life struggles that teenagers face everyday, from love to drugs to destructive relationships. Ellen really hits home showing the life of a once 4.0 honors student Kristina; whose life easily got turned upside down from one toxic summer at her fathers that will show the darkest side possible of life. An estimated 12 percent of children in the United States live with a parent who is dependent on or abuses alcohol or other drugs. Based on data from 2002 through 2007, it was to be reported that 8.3 million children under the age of 18 lived with at least one substance-dependent or substance-abusing parent according to Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (Paragraph 4). The bond between a child and their parents is so pure yet
My family isn 't like the Walls family because my parents would never treat my sister and I like their parents treated them, my family and I have a decent living situation, and we would never hurt any animal. From the beginning, Rex and Rose Mary treated their kids wrong and didn 't take responsibility as parents. Every child deserves a loving home and should never have to worry if they are going to eat that night. West Virginia also seemed a lot different then because the laws are more strict now. The way the Walls are, they would get in trouble for the way they treated their kids, animals, and even their living space. "Mom always said people worry too much about their children. Suffering when you 're young is good for you, she said. It immunized
In other words, the higher class creates the beliefs on how the rest of the lower classes should be seen or what ideals they should follow. The lower classes do this to themselves to reinsure their nature of national identity. Cinema is used as an ideological apparatus. Hollywood puts their ideals on the screen and renders them invisible. Such ideologies that are on the screen are heterosexual and it is embedded in almost every genre. Other ideals consist of social class of an individual, the gender of the individual and the age. There are two states of apparatus that are spread ideologically on screen. The first is repressive, discriminates other people to in oppressive state, such as laws that discriminate against certain groups. Second is, Ideological state apparatus, covertly spreads ideologies such as family, church and school. Hitchcock uses the reality effect in Rear Window to draw the audience more into the cinematic experience. He does so by making the protagonist look through the lens of his camera to view his neighbors and look inside their apartment and how they live their daily lives. By doing so, we see the world through Jefferies eyes and he himself becomes part of the audience. While viewing every apartment window we see how people live in their natural state and give the film a sense of realism. Each window shows what life was like, living in America in 1950. Each character represents different social classes. As Jefferies lens focuses on apartment complexes across the alley, it displays a capitalistic view of the tenants. On the top floor lives a hard working pianist in what appears to be apartment house suite with the great view and accompanied by other people that look well kept and pampered. His social standin...
projected its rays through the tinted glass... But in the western or black chamber the effect of the
Investigating Heat Loss From a Container Planning We are investigating heat loss from a container and how it is affected. We could change: Room temperature Surface area Amount of water Use a lid Insulate around it Colour of tin We could measure / observe: Amount of time Temperature We will change: Surface area We will measure / observe: Temperature (every minute for 5 minutes) Our question is: Does surface area effect the rate of heat loss? We will keep these the same: Colour of tin Room temperature Amount of water Use a lid Insulate around it Preliminary investigation = == ==
Three types of heat transfers help solar cookers use the sun’s energy to cook food. Heat is always transferred from the warmer object to the cooler object. Heat is also transferred to and through some materials better than others. The three types of heat transfers are radiation, conduction, and convection. Convection is the heat transfer by movement through materials such as air or a liquid. Materials like these are called mediums. Convection is the primary way heat can be transferred through liquids and gases. To classify a heat transfer as convection, hot air has to rise up to equally heat the air around it. Box solar cookers have to retain this hot air to cook food, so the cookers have to have lids with a transparent covering. The transparent covering shuts in all of the hot air and keeps out the cool air. The second heat transfer is the transfer of heat between two objects, or substances, that are directly in contact with each other. This heat transfer, called conduction is the primary way heat can be transferred through solids. In gases and liquids, conduction works poorly because the atoms have a great deal of space between them. Since they have a lot of space between each other, they can’t communicate heat to one another. The solid, aluminum foil, is commonly used in homemade solar ovens because it is a metal. It is well known metal is a great conductor of heat. Since metal (aluminum) is a great conductor of heat, whatever comes in contact with it will gradually absorb the heat from the metal. The third type of heat transfer is radiation. Radiation is the transfer of energy (heat) through space by electromagnetic waves. Solar energy reaches Earth by radiation (Pearson 485). When an energy wave comes directly in contact with...
There have been many contributors when it came to tackling anti-social behaviour and preventing crime however, the most influential contributors are Wilson and Kelling. They came up with the theory of broken window which will be further explain in this essay. This essay will outline the broken window theory, as well as explain what is meant by broken window. Finally it will give examples that exemplify the broken window theory. (Maguire, Morgan and Reiner, 2012)
Conduction, convection and radiation are the three methods through which heat can be transferred from one place to another. The (www.hyperphysics.com) first method is the conduction through which heat can be transferred from one object to another object. This process is defined as the heat is transmitted from one to another by the interaction of the atoms and the molecules. The atoms and the molecules of the body are physically attached to each other and one part of the body is at higher temperature to the other part or the body, the heat begins to transfer. A simple experiment through which conduction can be understood easily is as follows. First of all, take a metallic rod of any length. Hold the rod in the hand or at any stand made up of the insulator so that the heat does not transfer to the stand. Heat up the one end of the rod with the help of the spirit lamp. After sometime, touch the other end of the end, the other end of the becomes heated too and the temperature of the other end of the rod has also increased. Although only one end of the rod is heated with the spirit lamp, but the other end of the rod has also been heated. This is represents that the heat has been transferred from one end of the rod to the other end of the rod without heating it from the other end. So, the transformation of the heat is taking place. This process is called the conduction. Conduction is a process which is lead by the free electrons. As the conduction happens occurs only in the metallic materials, the reason for it is that the metals has the free electrons and they can move freely from one part of the body to another part of the body. These electrons are not bounded by the nucleus so, they can move easily. And when the temperature of the ...
There is nothing more wonderful than being able to sit in the warmth of your house during the freezing winter, and gas fires are very handy for this. Glass fronted gas fire is especially in demand nowadays to its variety in design and modern look. Also, they are one the most efficient gas fires available in market that keep the warm air escaping from the chimney and the cold air entering your room. Another advantage is that you do not have to worry about the smoke, sparks and ashes ruining your
Energy efficient windows have multiple layers of glass. The reason for this is because the more layers of glass you have the better it insulates the house. Three or four layers of glass are one of the best because you have more airspace in between layers.
effect. A lot of the rays from the sun are absorbed by water vapor that is naturally in our