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Heart failure is a clinical syndrome where the ventricles fail to fill and eject blood efficiently, thus the heart becomes unable to meet the metabolic needs of the body. Various events may lead to heart failure such as myocardial infarction causing acute onset or long standing hypertension. As a compensatory mechanism, the sympathetic system becomes activated, causing tachycardia and increased contractility. This is why, traditionally, sympathomimetic drugs have been used in the treatment of heart failure. However, it was found that many sympathomimetic agents increased mortality in patients with heart failure, while beta adrenergic blocking agents have been found beneficial. They reduce symptoms, improve ejection fraction and increases the
Antiarrhythmic agents are used to suppress abnormal rhythms of the heart. Many attempts have been made to classify antiarrhythmic agents. There is a problem from the fact that many of the antiarrhythmic agents have multiple actions, making any classification accurate. Betapace (sotalol) comes in tablets and solution for oral a...
It occurs because of repetitive electrical activity. This can occur in a patient with early or late heart failure, because there is damage to the heart tissue and the heart beats faster to try to supply the body with blood. Recommended treatment is elective cardioversion. Drugs used include an antidysrhythmic such as Mexitil or Sotalol (Ignatavicius &Workman, p. 728-729).
The aim of this report is to provide an overview of chronic heart failure, examining signs symptoms and treatment related to the case study, and the anatomy and physiology of the heart will be discussed, and the pathophysiology of chronic heart failure.
Shearer, F., Lang, C.C., and Struthers, A.D. (September 11, 2013) Renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system inhibitors in heart failure. Clin. Pharmacol. Ther. 10.1038/clpt.2013.135
There are various treatments for acute coronary syndrome to prevent the occurrence of an acute myocardial infarction. The purpose of this essay is to discuss the current research of the pharmacological treatments of this condition and to evaluate the relevance of this research in relation to the practise of paramedics.
Acetylcholine (Ach) is a major transmitter found in the autonomic ganglia that allows neurons to communicate for sensory input and muscle control. Muscarinic receptors are vital in the control of the central nervous system (CNS) and also parasympathetic control of the heart, lungs, and gastrointestinal processes. By blocking the action of these receptors, a result is possible impaired central and peripheral nervous system functioning. Inhibiting this function could also cause tachycardia, which can lead to myocardial infarction (heart attack) or angina (chest pain). Scopolamine is also used as a pupil dilator, in pain management, and to treat symptoms associated with chemotherapy.... ...
Congestive Heart Failure is when the heart's pumping power is weaker than normal. It does not mean the heart has stopped working. The blood moves through the heart and body at a slower rate, and pressure in the heart increases. This means; the heart cannot pump enough oxygen and nutrients to meet the body's needs. The chambers of the heart respond by stretching to hold more blood to pump through the body or by becoming more stiff and thickened. This only keeps the blood moving for a short while. The heart muscle walls weaken and are unable to pump as strongly. This makes the kidneys respond by causing the body to retain fluid and sodium. When the body builds up with fluids, it becomes congested. Many conditions can cause heart failure, and they are Coronary artery disease, Heart attack, Cardiomyopathy, and conditions that overwork the heart.
Heart failure is a major clinical, social and economic problem in the United Kingdom according to the Department of Health [DH] (2013).The National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence [NICE] (2010) reported that about 900,000 people suffer from heart failure in the United Kingdom. The National Institute for Cardiovascular Outcomes Research [NICOR] (2011) conducted a national audit which found that one in every 20 people over the age of 65 is diagnosed with heart failure which demonstrates that it mainly affects the elderly. As a leading cause of mortality, heart failure contributes to more than 6,000 deaths each year (NICOR, 2011). Newly diagnosed cases of heart failure have a 40% risk of dying within a year (NICOR, 2011). Despite advances in therapy, mortality is still high and only half of patients are alive five years after being diagnosed with heart failure (NICE, 2010).
The best way to prevent heart failure is to minimize the risks that cause it and to control existing health problems that are related to the condition such as high blood pressure and diabetes. If a person does happen to have heart failure there are many medications and treatments that can help control the disease and help the patient continue to live as normal of a life as possible. After being discharged from the hospital Mr. Carver will have to be aware of his condition at all times and take the proper measures to keep himself healthy. He will have to make many life changes and continue to keep up on any appointments made to make sure his condition is under control. With the proper understanding and management of his disease, Mr. Carver will be in a good condition to resume his life as before.
In December of 1992, my paternal grandfather suffered a heart attack. He had been hauling several 50 lb. sacks of corn up into the deer feeder on his property by himself. He got into his truck, turned the ignition, put it into drive and before he could take his foot off the brake, he was dead. He was 68 years old. I was thirteen and that seemed so old. I remember that prior to the event there were many conversations within my family about the condition of my grandfather’s heart and cardiovascular system and how he needed to make lifestyle changes. I remember him taking nitroglycerine pills. I remember him coming to Dallas to go to an appointment so that they could perform tests with names like “stress EKG.” I remember that these things meant little to me at the time.
Heart Disease You need your heart for all your body needs. It pumps about 2000 gallons of blood a day. It takes about 20 seconds for blood to reach every cell in the body. An artery that carries blood out of the heart.
Just as breast cancer is killing our African American women, heart disease is also one of the major diseases killing our women. Heart disease is one of the nation’s leading causes of death in both woman and men. About 600,000 people die of heart disease in the United States (Americas heart disease burden, 2013). Some facts about heart disease are every year about 935,000 Americans have a heart attack. Of these, 610,000 are a first heart attack victim. 325,000 happen in people who have already had a heart attack. Also coronary heart disease alone costs the United States $108.9 billion each year. This total includes the cost of health care services, medications, and loss of productivity. Deaths of heart disease in the United States back in 2008 killed about 24.5% of African Americans.
Sports related cardiac deaths are very sudden and most scientists don’t know why they occur, but researchers are conducting many studies to try to determine the exact cause. What happens when an athlete that is in the best of physical health suffers a sudden cardiac death? The sudden death leaves the community, team, and family shocked and devastated and looking for answers. There has been many studies done trying to determine why athletes suffer sudden cardiac arrest.
Etiology Myocardial infarction occurs when the coronary arteries are blocked by a blood clot. It is commonly known as a “heart attack”. The heart needs its own constant supply of oxygen and nutrients to work properly. Two coronary arteries deliver oxygenated blood to the heart, and if one of these two arteries fails or becomes blocked, then a portion of the heart will not acquire the necessary oxygen. This clot could be because of CAD (coronary artery disease), which happens when the inner walls of the coronary arteries thicken because of buildup of cholesterol, fatty deposits, calcium among other elements that are carried in the blood (Boston Scientific, 2009).
When looking at Dr. Maxwell’s case, it is evident that he is a clear victim of congestive heart failure. Dr. Maxwell’s medical history is the first piece of evidence that he has congestive heart failure. In fact, his medical history is very consistent with the pathophysiology of the disease. According to the Nelms et. al., pre- existing health issues are what lead to the initiation of this disease. 1 Comparing this to Dr. Maxwell’s medical history, we see that he has a long-standing history of coronary artery disease, hypertension, mitral valve insufficiency, and previous myocardial infarction. His history is consistent with the pathophysiology due to the fact that his past medical conditions are conditions in which worsen the condition, and function, of the heart. Moving on, we also discover