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spanish american war and newspaper essay
spanish american war and newspaper essay
spanish american war and newspaper essay
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Hearst
INTRODUCTION
American journalism and mass media were both profoundly influenced by a very
dominating figure. In the last decade of the 19th century up until the end of the first half of the 20th century, William Randolph Hearst was a mega-force to be reckoned with. Hearst was a famous American publisher who built up the nation’s largest chain of newspapers. He was also a political figure and one of the leading figures during the Spanish-American War period. In his newspapers, he introduced a sensational journalistic style of writing and spent millions of dollars to fascinate and
captivate readers. This kind of journalism was described by critics as “Yellow Journalism.” During his lifetime, even up until today, he has been respected, feared, loathed and envied by his friends and enemies alike. A man in his position was capable of being the greatest constructor or the most destructive evil of the Nation.
BIOGRAPHY
On 29th day of April 1863, in San Francisco, California, Phoebe Apperson Hearst, in great torment, gave birth to a boy in her bedroom. The boy was named William Randolph Hearst. William Randolph Hearst was the only child of George and Phoebe Hearst. His father, George Hearst ( 1820-1891 ), was not born into a rich and wealthy family. He did his share of the labor at a lead mine near his home. Mining had always fascinated him even from his childhood years. He later earned the nickname the “Boy-That-Earth-Talked-To” from the miners he was working with. With tremendous luck, hard working and blessings, he worked his way to become a multimillionaire miner and had also become a United States Senator from California ( 1886-1891 ). His mother,
Phoebe Apperson Hearst ( 1842-1919 ), was a philanthropist and a school teacher from Missouri. She had gained national fame for her gifts to needy students and educational institutions. While Hearst was a boy, his father traveled throughout the West, from Mexico to Alaska, becoming a partner in three of the largest mining discoveries ever recorded in American history: the Comstock ( silver ) Lode in Nevada, the Homestake ( gold ) Mine in South Dakota and the Anaconda (copper) Mine in Montana.
magazines in society. Sometimes it can help maintain peace in one’s world while other times, in
Words came from readers in Cleveland that “‘the impression soon prevails in your mind that Ernie Pyle… is the President of the United State’” (Tobin 29). In the midst of World War II Ernie Pyle stood out from the crowd of journalists with a style that hadn’t been seen before but spoke to American readers all over both on the home front and abroad. One writer and historian, Jordan Braverman, puts it into perspective however the lack of truth of some reporting by saying, “Soldiers were known to have huddled in foxholes under heavy aerial bombardment, while their radios were telling them that U.S. forces had complete control of the skies in their battle sector” (Braverman 84). It wasn’t just radio that did this but also print media that both wasn’t always accurate and could be seen as having alternative motives in their writing. One reader summed it up as “you read Lippman for wisdom. Pegler for controversy, Winchell for gossip, but Pyle you read for sustenance in difficult times” (Tobin 28). Echoing this feeling, one deliveryman proclaimed “‘the trouble with these column guys is they want to organize the world… except Pyle. Throw the rest away, but gimme Pyle’” (Tobin 28). Ernie Pyle began his career as a columnist before World War II had begun, and so did his development of distinct aspects of journalism that he carried through his Word War II columns and brought with them a new light to journalism. Roy Howard himself the head of the Scripps-Howard Publishing company wired Pyle a message during the war. It read, “‘ YOUR STUFF IS NOT ONLY GREATEST YOUR CAREER… BUT MOST ILLUMINATING HUMAN AND APPEALING DESCRIPTIVE MATTER PRINTED AMERICA SINCE OUTBREAK BATTLE BRITAIN…YOUR STUFF TALK OF NEW YORK’” (Tobin 57-58). Pyle gathered inform...
Arguing that the experiences of the McCarthy years profoundly influenced the practice of journalism, he shows how many of the issues faced by journalists in the 1950s prefigure today's conflicts over the right of journalists to protect their sources. The journalists’ treatment was unfair that is why they believed that going to jail is better than stating false facts in front of the court because they were innocent. “If you don’t stand for what you believe in, don’t risk a decision because you think you might lose, I think that is a short-sighted approach” (Alwood, 148) This is a fascinating and detailed look at one aspect of the McCarthy era that continues to influence contemporary journalism.
Yellow journalism is “a scandal-mongering practice of journalism that emerged in New York” during the nineteenth century (Kennedy and Cohen 558). This form of propaganda was influential during a time of war because it persuaded many indecisive Americans. For example, William Randolph Hearst had “the most influential newspaper in New York” (Crucible of Empire). In his newspaper, the New York Journal, he was able to spin stories in ways that he wanted to; thereby controlling the public and their thoughts and opinions on certain issues. In particular, his article about the sinking of the Maine was one of the biggest and most influential stories he published (“Yellow Journalism” par. 3). “After the sinking of the Maine, the Hearst newspapers, with no evidence, unequivocally blamed the Spanish” and the public quickly followed (“Yellow Journalism” par. 3). His story changed America’s view on the situation and eventually provoked action. The Spanish American War marked a change in the way many wars were typically fought. At the turn of the century, “the United States emerged as a world power, and the U.S. press proved its influence” (“Yellow Journalism” par. 4). As shown in the documentary, Crucible of Empire, the Spanish American War changed the way Americans approached war by introducing the practice of yellow journalism and influential
magazines in society. Sometimes it can help maintain peace in one’s world while other times, in
The public was further angered by something called “yellow journalism”. Yellow journalism refers to writers such as Joseph Pullitzer and William Hearst trying to outdo each other with screeching headlines and hair raising “scoops”. Where there were no headlines, the yellow press would exaggerate and fabricate stories to get readers interested in their newspaper. For example, Hearst once wrote about Spanish Customs Offic...
With over 150 women-geared magazines worldwide by the early 1990’s, some critics may have felt the market was over flooded. In spite of the heavy competition, two publishers believed that they had something fresh and innovative to offer the magazine industry. In 1991, Conde Nast unleashed Allure, the first women’s magazine devoted specifically to beauty. Three years later Time Inc. came up with an idea of their own. They launched InStyle, hoping to set it apart from the competition by appealing to a broader demographic than magazines like Vogue and Elle, which catered towards mainly affluent women. In the years that followed, both publications would make their mark on the fashion and beauty worlds and prove themselves to be mainstays in the magazine industry.
Finally, we need to know more about the personal resources of parents that can lessen the incidence of spanking. It is found that spanking sharply decreases as the parent ages. Despite ideological motivations, parents can and should be trained to understand alternative strategies of discipline (Day 93).
Amongst all the things Julia created, a cookbook and a television show were some of the most notable. In 1961, with the help of Simone Beck and Louisette Bertholle, she wrote “Mastering the Art of French Cooking”, which was a colossal hit (Edgers & Hempel, 2015). The book was clear with precise instructions, and therefore “Became the standard against which all other cookbooks would come to be judged” (Price, 2018). Furthermore, In January 1962, WGBH invited her to star in a TV show about French cooking (Shapiro, 2007). In the show, She made sound effects, clanged pots together, spilled things, called things silly, and made a mess.
Hollowell defines the major differences between traditional reporting and New Journalism as “(1) The reporter’s relationship to the people and events he describes reflects new attitudes and values; and (2) the form and style of the news story is radically transformed through the use of fictional devices borrowed from short stories and novels” (22). These two differences from standard journalism are approached in very different ways by Mailer and Wolfe in their respective novels. The reporter’s relationship to the people and events he describes will be covered later in this paper under Mailer and Wolfe’s respective motivations for writing their novels. Armies of the Night and The Electric Kool-Aid Acid Test each represent a different side of the transformation of the form and style necessary in New Journalism. Mailer’s novel does this through the use of the first-hand au...
With the novels publication in the 1960s, a new genre called ‘New Journalism’ had begun to surface; it sought to combine the elements of journalism with the elements of fiction and in doing so it sought to challenge the readers mo...
Have you ever picked up a magazine and then put it down because you didn’t think it would interest you? All magazines have intended audiences. Times magazine is specifically directed towards rich middle aged men with families (a wife and kids) and college degrees, who have an interest in the world around them and run their own businesses. The intended audience of this magazine is supported by the authors of the articles, the ads in the magazines, the subjects of the articles in the magazines, and the color schemes of the magazines along with their formats.
It was the events between 1946 and 1964 that strengthened communism in China. At the end of World War II, the Nationalist Party (GMD) and the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) raced for power in China. The chairman of the Communist Party was Mao Zedong and their army was known as the People’s Liberation Army (PLA). The Nationalist’s were led by Chiang Kai-shek and their army was the Kuomintang.
This essay will discuss whether it is thought that punishment is effective and whether it is currently thought to work, additionally it will examine the best ways to change a child’s behaviour in terms of positive and negative reinforcements. The issue of child punishment has received considerable critical attention within many cultures. Punishment towards children can be argued to be a very controversial area. It is argued that many people have been brought up with distinctive beliefs about punishments toward a child. A child’s upbringing is argued by many researchers to be key to how they will go on to treat their own children in the future. This can surely be argued to be a negative effect of physical punishment. It is becoming increasingly difficult to ignore the effects of what severe punishment may have on a child. Later convictions of violence and the evidence of damaging effects on well-being, corporal punishment has on children is overwhelming. However, it is not ingrained that corporal punishment is definitely damaging. There is also sufficient evidence to corporal punishment being an effective form of discipline, if used appropriately. It is thought that corporal punishment helps parents retain control over their children’s behaviour. This essay will consider the various forms of punishment, such as physical punishments and whether they are considered to work. This is essay will also consider effective ways of changing a child’s behaviour including the use of classical and operant conditioning and studies that support the theories and how they can be applied to real life. Classical conditioning for example uses learning through association, memory prompts the person to associate an object/ sound to a certain behaviour. ...
“It hurts and it’s painful inside – it’s like breaking your bones; it’s loud and sore, and it stings; it feels like you’ve been adopted or something and you’re not part of their family; you feel like you don’t like your parents anymore; you feel upset because they are hurting you, and you love them so much, and then all of a sudden they hit you and you feel as though they don’t care about you” (Pritchard 9). These are the feelings of those juveniles who suffer from corporal punishment. Corporal punishment has been one of the main topics of research in Psychology in last few decades. Although people had believed, “Spare the rod and spoil the child” but in the present age of science, research has revealed that the corporal punishment causes more harm to the children instead of having a positive effect on them. According to UNICEF, “Corporal punishment is actually the use of physical measures that causes pain but no wounds, as a means of enforcing discipline” (1). It includes spanking, squeezing, slapping, pushing and hitting by hand or with some other instruments like belts etc. But it is different from physical abuse in which punishment result in wounds and the objective is different from teaching the discipline. Although Corporal punishment is considered to be a mode of teaching discipline and expeditious acquiescence, however, it leads to the disruption of parent-child relationship, poor mental health of juveniles, moral internalization along with their anti-social and aggressive behaviour and it is against the morality of humans.