To select the countries for this task I searched for different criteria’s for development of nations. For my mind most reliable and suitable I found from United Nations Specialized Agencies, like IMF, World Bank Group and naturally WHO. My selections for this task are in addition to Finland are Democratic Republic of the Congo (later DRC) and Turkey.
DRC had the lowest GNI in year 2012 in the world, being 220 USD per capita and in year 2000 it was 90 USD per capita. In 2012 GNI in Turkey was 10 830 USD per capita and Finland 46 940 USD per capita, highest recorded was in Norway 98 860 USD. (World Bank 2013.)
I selected Turkey to this task because country is applying for membership of European Union and it is a very big country on the border of Europe and Asia. There is a lot of international migrants and also asylum seekers in Turkey from Asia and currently from Syrian crisis.
Most interesting comparisons or classifications I found was Human Development Index (HDI) and from that derived Inequality-adjusted Human Development Index (IHDI). Both reports are part Human Development report, which aim is to stimulate global, regional and national policy discussion on issues which are relevant to human development. (UNDP 2013a, UNDP 2013b.)
My aim in this task is to describe health care system of selected countries. I also try to estimate what is the effect of overall level of development of the country to the health care system.
2 DESCRIBING THE LEVEL OF DEVELPOMENT
Commonly used criteria for evaluating the level of nations economics is gross national income (GNI). GNI is converted to U.S dollars and it is a sum of resident producers and income from abroad. (World Bank 2013a.)
The growth rate of GDP (Gross domestic product) is often us...
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...for Turkey might be in the future migration to Turkey and asylum seekers.
Finland’s problem and challenge in health care services is how to rearrange them in more effective way. I feel that no more money is needed, the question is how to utilise it. At the moment the discussion is at state level.
During this course I got good feeling about UN’s and its subsidiary bodies, funds and foundations and specialized agencies work, they are doing tremendously important work together with governments and NGO’s.
I’m not as much assured about companies CSR, DRC is rich on minerals which are needed in many electronic devices, for example in cell phones and military devices. There are many video clips in You Tube, from where you make your opinion about CSR and get an overall picture of condition s in DRC. Here is one example Conflict Minerals, Rebels and Child Soldiers in Congo.
"World Bank, World Development Indicators-Google Public Data Explorer." Google. World Bank, World Development Indicators, 28 July 2011. Web. 19 Sept. 2011. .
The health care industry is positioned for the global market place. It is expected to grow exponentially in health-related services for the elderly. China’s population of individuals over sixty years old is expected to grow to one third in the next twenty-five years. Though their culture view aging somewhat differently than in United States, they are interested in the attractive senior living options established here. Senior care encompasses private care facilities, home health care, products, drugs and medical equipment. As the largest health care market in the world American companies have made significant global inroads over the last two decades. These businesses are positioned to offer additional services directed at retirees, and children who will be responsible for their parents and potentially their grandparents as well.
Denmark is a small high-income country with a high population density, is governed by a constitutional monarchy, has a central parliament and is administratively divided into regions, municipalities and has 2 dependencies (Greenland and the Faroe Islands) (Kravitz & Treasure, 2009). It has a national health service (funded by general taxation) and a decentralized healthcare system in which the individual regions run most services and the municipalities are responsible for some public health services (Kravitz & Treasure, 2009). However, a process of (re) centralization (under the structural reform of 2007) has been taking place, which has lowered the number of regions from 14 to 5 and the municipalities from 275 to 98 (Olejaz, Nielsen, Rudkjøbing, Okkels, Krasnik & Hernández-Quevedo, 2012; Schäfer et al., 2010). The hospital structure is also undergoing reform, moving towards fewer, bigger and more specialized hospitals (Olejaz, Nielsen, Rudkjøbing, Okkels, Krasnik & Hernández-Quevedo, 2012). Greenland and the Faroe Islands are independent in health matters but follow the Danish Legislation (Kravitz & Treasure, 2009). The National Board of Health (NBH) (based in Copenhagen) is responsible for the legislation concerning dentistry in Denmark (Kravitz & Treasure, 2009; Schäfer et al., 2010).
A country’s health care system refers to all the institutions, programs, personnel, procedures, and the resources that are used to meet the health needs of its population. Health care systems vary from one country to another, depending on government policies and the health needs of the population. Besides, health care programs are flexible in the sense that they are tailored to meet health needs as they arise. Among the stakeholders in the formulation of a country’s health care system are governments, religious groups, non-governmental organizations, charity organizations, trade/labor unions, and interested individuals (Duckett, 2008). These entities formulate, implement, evaluate, and reform health services according to the needs of the sections of the population they target.
The Human Development Index rates each country with a score between 0 and 1, with 1 being the most advanced, globalized country. Factors that are involved in determining a country's HDI are gross domestic production per capita, life expectancy at birth, adult literacy, and the number of persons enrolled in educational institutions. In 1975, Peru's Human Development Index was 0.643. By 2003, the Human Development Index had risen more than one tenth to 0.762. The substantial increase in Peru's HDI is a clear indication that globalization has made a positive impact.
The U.S. healthcare system is very complex in structure hence it can be appraised with diverse perspectives. From one viewpoint it is described as the most unparalleled health care system in the world, what with the cutting-edge medical technology, the high quality human resources, and the constantly-modernized facilities that are symbolic of the system. This is in addition to the proliferation of innovations aimed at increasing life expectancy and enhancing the quality of life as well as diagnostic and treatment options. At the other extreme are the fair criticisms of the system as being fragmented, inefficient and costly. What are the problems with the U.S. healthcare system? These are the questions this opinion paper tries to propound.
Gross Domestic Product (GDP) is the market value of all final goods and services produced by factors of production within a country in a given period of time. It can be calculated using either the income, output, or expenditure method as illustrated on the circular flow of income diagram below.
In many parts of the world that are considered lower or middle-class countries, health disparities are cause of major concern that leads to unnecessary disease and possible death. Many variables affect how and why many citizens of lower and middle-class countries struggle to obtain adequate healthcare. One region of the world classified as a lower socio economic territory is Ethiopia. Many factors contribute to the lack of health care in Ethiopia such as access to care, high cost of care, and being uneducated, to name a few. One idea that hinders many citizens in Ethiopia to attain healthcare is the access to the healthcare system. This research project will entail the issue of access to the health care system; ways it is affecting the lives of those living in Ethiopia, and measures that can be taken to possibly increase the availability and attainment of healthcare.
Can we measure well-beings of country by GDP (Gross Domestic Product)? First, we should understand what the meaning of “Well-being” is. As refers to the Wikipedia, Well-being or welfare is a general term for the condition of an individual or group. That means social, medical, psychological, spiritual and economic state of citizens (Well-being, 2014); where Gross Domestic Product (GDP) is the final measure of the goods and services produced within the country in a specific year. Nowadays, countries are measuring their well-beings in GDP which means people are as happy as GDP rises. GDP has its own limitations: overestimation of economy, underestimation of negativities and quality of life.
Kenya is a developing country in East Africa region with a total land area of 582,646 km2. It gained independence in 1963 from British colonial rule. It is neighbor to Somalia and Sudan which have experienced political instability marred with civil strife but the country has remained relatively stable despite the effects of such on socio-economic status of the country. According to Kenya National Bureau of Statistics (2010), Kenya has 38.6 million people with a growth rate of 2.8% annually with a majority population living in rural areas (World Bank, 2010). Under its current constitution (promulgated in 2010), Kenya is headed by a president with a devolved county government system comprising of 47 counties. Its last concluded general elections in 2013 were peaceful compared to the conflicted 2007 that sparked violence in the country.
In international parlance, development encompasses the need and the means by which to provide better life for people in poor countries and it includes not only economic growth, although that is crucial, but also human development like...
The Problems of Defining Development Development is very difficult to define as it has a wide range of meanings and has therefore been used in a variety of ways, by different people or organizations at different times. For example, geographers will link development with improvements in human welfare. e.g. greater wealth, better education and health. Many geographers will measure development in terms of the countries HDI (Human). Development Index.
Throughout the chapter the text exerts more emphasis on the economical evaluation of a country's development rather than the alternative method. It begins to branch off quickly into the classification of countries deriving new topics all relating back to the economical approach. Beginning this discussion is the topic of underdevelopment.
Everyone is always competing for the best health care. Different health care systems are different through out the world, but all with similar ideas of at least delivering some form of health care. Some countries in particular will be highly emphasized: Switzerland, United Kingdom, and Japan in how they work with cost, access, and quality with in the health care systems in their own countries.
Economic development typically involves improvements in a variety of indicators such as literacy rates, life expectancy, and poverty rates. Due to the fact that GDP alone does not take into account other aspects such as leisure time, environmental quality, freedom, or social justice; alternative measures of economic well-being have been proposed. Essentially, a country’s economic development is related to its human development, which encompasses, among other things, health and education. These factors are, however, closely related to economic growth so that development and growth often go together.