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Economics of healthcare
Economics of healthcare
Economics of healthcare
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Health care coverage in the United States is a big business with a relatively recent history. For a company like Castor insurance, providing health care coverage is just as much of a business enterprise as any venture undertaken by a modern organization. As with any business, the central goal idea is to ensure ongoing profitability and viability in an every changing and increasingly competitive environment. Therefore, before offering any company insurance coverage, there are, important economic factors that need to be considered such as which health care package best covers the needs of both the insured and the insurer. To determine the best decision as to which insurance coverage to offer it is important to understand the history and impact of health care coverage in this country.
While it is still widely accepted that adequate health care is an absolute necessity, the high costs and the availability of insurance are relatively new. Early records of healthcare costs in this country are found dating to the end of the nineteenth century as doctors and surgeons began billing for procedures. Prior to and even during this time period health care services were often exchanged and bartered much as livestock or other goods were. At this point in the nation’s history, health care insurance was an unknown idea.
Health Care Timeline
The individual physicians were responsible for setting fees and handling their expenses. Often the fees could only be established based on the understood income levels of the patients requiring services. This meant that physicians were effectively operating as much as businesspersons were as they were as doctors (PBS, 2011). This was the understood system in place until reform began sweeping the medical ind...
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...the same price. From a practical point of view, to insure Constructit is the better choice. The risk assessment has determined that the overall physical health of the employees has less risk and lower utilization.
While obesity is a concern with both companies, Constructit, at approximately $572 per person annually, looks to be the better option. The profit margin is slightly lower with Constructit but has a better return over any fiscal year. In strictly economic terms to insure EEditors would prove to be more costly with the pre-existing conditions associated with the company.
The decision to go with Constructit was based upon a risk analysis that maximized Castor Insurance’s profits. The risk was lower and the potential for profit was higher with Constructit.
At the same time, the monthly cost is within the acceptable range that the employees are willing to pay.
Blomqvist A., Busby C., (2012). How to pay family doctors: Why “pay per patient” is better than fee for service. C.D. Howe Institute Commentary, Commentary 365.
For decades, one of the many externalities that the government is trying to solve is the rising costs of healthcare. "Rising healthcare costs have hurt American competitiveness, forced too many families into bankruptcy to get their families the care they need, and driven up our nation's long-term deficit" ("Deficit-Reducing Healthcare Reform," 2014). The United States national government plays a major role in organizing, overseeing, financing, and more so than ever delivering health care (Jaffe, 2009). Though the government does not provide healthcare directly, it serves as a financing agent for publicly funded healthcare programs through the taxation of citizens. The total share of the national publicly funded health spending by various governments amounts to 4 percent of the nation's gross domestic product, GDP (Jaffe, 2009). By 2019, government spending on Medicare and Medicaid is expected to rise to 6 percent and 12 percent by 2050 (Jaffe, 2009). The percentages, documented from the Health Policy Brief (2009) by Jaffe, are from Medicare and Medicaid alone. The rapid rates are not due to increase of enrollment but growth in per capita costs for providing healthcare, especially via Medicare.
On a global scale, the United States is a relatively wealthy country of advanced industrialization. Unfortunately, the healthcare system is among the costliest, spending close to 18% of gross domestic product (GDP) towards funding healthcare (2011). No universal healthcare coverage is currently available. United States healthcare is currently funded through private, federal, state, and local sources. Coverage is provided privately and through the government and military. Nearly 85% of the U.S. population is covered to some extent, leaving a population of close to 48 million without any type of health insurance. Cost is the primary reason for lack of insurance and individuals foregoing medical care and use of prescription medications.
Wilper, A. P., Woolhandler, S., Lasser, K. E., McCormick, D., Bor, D. H. & Himmelstein, D. U. 2009. Health insurance and mortality in US adults. American journal of public health. Vol. 99, Issue-12, Pgs 2289-2295.
In order to make ones’ health care coverage more affordable, the nation needs to address the continually increasing medical care costs. Approximately more than one-sixth of the United States economy is devoted to health care spending, such as: soaring prices for medical services, costly prescription drugs, newly advanced medical technology, and even unhealthy lifestyles. Our system is spending approximately $2.7 trillion annually on health care. According to experts, it is estimated that approximately 20%-30% of that spending (approx. $800 billion a year) appears to go towards wasteful, redundant, or even inefficient care.
Despite the established health care facilities in the United States, most citizens do not have access to proper medical care. We must appreciate from the very onset that a healthy and strong nation must have a proper health care system. Such a health system should be available and affordable to all. The cost of health services is high. In fact, the ...
It is essential for the United States government to provide its entire citizen with a free health care. This system ensures that everyone has an access to medical services regardless to his or her social status. It is an important way of preserving life as free health care plan ensures free treatment to the entire citizen. In addition, it can play a big role of ensuring that there is an improved access to health services. Ensuring that all American citizens have an access to the right health care will in turn decrease health care costs. It can also help to stop medical bankruptcies in the entire nation. Lastly, it is one way of reducing poverty as it will lower the debt of the US which would then increase employment.
...gery Medical Group. The history of health insurance in the united states. (2007). Retrieved from: http://www.neurosurgical.com/medical_ history_and_ethics/history/history_of_health_insurance.htm
Managed care, managed care has become the dominant health care delivery source. Gaining popularity in 1990s, managed care increased from 27% in 1988 to 99% in 2009 and enrollment in Fee for Service plans decli...
Healthcare is one of the major issues that America faces today. The health insurance companies are destroying America’s health care system by raising their premiums and deductibles. One great concern, access to health care is definitely on the decline. As of 2007, more than 75 million adults-42 percent of all adults ages 19 to 64- were either uninsured or underinsured (Commonwealth Fund Commission 9). The health care system in America needs a complete overhaul, reform.
...ank Research (2010). Coverage vs. Cost. The US health care reform in perspective. Retrieved from http://www.dbresearch.com
With the United Nations listing health care as natural born right and the escalating cost of health care America has reached a debatable crisis. Even if you do have insurance it's a finical strain on most families.
The US health system has both considerable strengths and notable weaknesses. With a large and well-trained health workforce, access to a wide range of high-quality medical specialists as well as secondary and tertiary institutions, patient outcomes are among the best in the world. But the US also suffers from incomplete coverage of its population, and health expenditure levels per person far exceed all other countries. Poor measures on many objective and subjective indicators of quality and outcomes plague the US health care system. In addition, an unequal distribution of resources across the country and among different population groups results in poor access to care for many citizens. Efforts to provide comprehensive, national health insurance in the United States go back to the Great Depression, and nearly every president since Harry S. Truman has proposed some form of national health insurance.
retrospect to its governing authority (Shi & Singh, 2012). However, private and public agencies are the controlling constituent in today’s business. Free markets allow patients to choose providers without the prior approval of insurance companies. The current system offers a proposed plan of limited physicians in exchange for payment of services. Because the potential has been given to the payers, they regulate the cost of services rendered through contractual
Furthermore, there is good price certainty at the award of the contract because of full set information. However, there are some disadvantages to the process. First, it is very consume time in the pre-contract process due to the strategy is sequential and construction cannot be started before the completion of design. Also, the contractor is not appointed at the design stage, so the contractor and supply chain have no input into the design or planning of the project. Moreover, there are divided responsibility of design and construction, so it is easy to cause disputes in the post-contract processes.