CHAPTER 2
LITERATURE REVIEW
2.0 Introduction
This chapter introduces the definition and importance of customer attitude toward health advertisement and followed by how determinants of health advertisement affect the customer attitude toward advertisement.
This chapter also discusses the theoretical framework for the four independent variables such as credibility, informative, pleasure and good for economy that influences the customer attitude toward health advertisement.
2.1 Health Advertisement
According to the American Marketing association stated that “advertising refer to any paid from of non-personal presentation and promotion of ideas, goods and service by an identified sponsor”. The advertisement is directed toward increasing the sales of the business. The one of the trait of the advertising is for communication, information and persuasion. Advertisement is non-personal communication that use mass media. Buyer can get information from the advertisement about the particular product that they want to buy. Advertisement create favorable attitude of the customer that lead to the favorable actions.
Dofman, Woodruff and Wallack (1993) stated that public service advertisement used for selling good health behaviors. Personal behavior will determine their own health status. They believe that health promotion advertising has been used to benefit the advertisers and industry. The mass media provide the solution of health problem. The public health professionals need to take the risk to use the advertising to change the attention from the personal to social. Health advertisement helps the company to sell their health product such as product that can lose weight, increase antibody, and multivitamin product. The health –rela...
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...ponse produce the behavior.
The behavior was created by three factors which is pleasure, arousal and dominance. Pleasure refers to a person feel happy in a certain situation. Arousal means that feeling that vary from person to person in different situation such as bored and excitement. While dominance refer to the individual feeling which are control in particular situation. When the consumer watches an advertisement thus develop the feeling of like the product then the willingness to buy it.
The advertisement was consider as successful advertisement when the consumer has the ability to recall the brand in the advertisement. A firm can have the competitive advantage if the consumer can recall their brand through the advertisement. The positive attitude of a consumer can easily recall the advertisement than those who has negative attitude toward the advertisement.
Advertisements are one of many things that Americans cannot get away from. Every American sees an average of 3,000 advertisements a day; whether it’s on the television, radio, while surfing the internet, or while driving around town. Advertisements try to get consumers to buy their products by getting their attention. Most advertisements don’t have anything to do with the product itself. Every company has a different way of getting the public’s attention, but every advertisement has the same goal - to sell the product. Every advertisement tries to appeal to the audience by using ethos, pathos, and logos, while also focusing on who their audience is and the purpose of the ad. An example of this is a Charmin commercial where there is a bear who gets excited when he gets to use the toilet paper because it is so soft.
Arby’s is a fast food chain started in 1964, by founders, Leroy and Forrest Raffel. The first Arby’s opened was a sandwich shop in Boardman, Ohio. The idea was to serve up something quickly and was not a hamburger; Arby’s served up hot, freshly sliced roast beef sandwiches ("Arby's", n.d.). Arby’s does not have the size of other popular fast food franchises, Subway, Mc Donald’s, or Burger King. Arby’s currently operates in about 3,400 locations, in 48 states and five countries: U.S., Canada, Turkey, United Arab Emirates, and Qatar ("Arby's", n.d.). Arby’s menu has stayed very close to the original for almost thirty years. In 1991, they introduced salads, and sandwiches with less than 300 calories. In 2001, they introduced and heavily marketed a new line of sandwiches the Market Fresh sandwiches. Arby’s then added wraps to the Market Fresh menu three years later ("Arby's", n.d.). The Advertising strategy for the Market Fresh Menu included radio, TV commercials, and magazine ads. Advertisement promoting Market Fresh menu items showed premium deli style sandwiches made with fresh ingredients. For consumers that wanted a healthier choice when it came to fast food options. The wraps add to Arby's Market Fresh menu were to give customers more unique tasting, high-quality options in fast food dining. Even the menu name chosen elicits certain images for a consumer. The term market conjures images of picking fresh fruits and vegetables from the farmers market. The term fresh has consumers believing that the food is made on the spot for each order. Where other fast food restaurants, like Subway, slice it before the meat reaches stores. Arby’s advertising campaign “Slicing Up Freshness”, which highlights the chain’s freshly sliced sandwich m...
I have chosen to review an article from the Journal of Health Communication. The Journal of Health Communication reports studies both of qualitative and quantitative values for the scholarly and professional individual. It is designed to give concise and ethical reviews of academic research (Scott C. Ratzan). Furthermore, the Journal of Health Communication focuses on promoting the vital life of the individual and the good health of the world’s people with presentation of research for the purpose of better health (Scott C. Ratzan). I choose to review an article which focused on the increased volume of prescription drug advertising directed to consumer, as it has grown tremendously over the past few decades. It has been reported, drug advertisements have experienced a significant increase in the amount of money spent on advertising from $47 million dollars in 1990 to nearly $2.5 billion in 2000 (Frank, Berndt, Donohue, Epstein, & Rosenthal, 2002; M...
For most companies, advertising can be a costly affair. On the one hand, customers are getting more information about new products, goods and services. While, on the other hand, it has to be effective, noticeable and remembered long enough to make potential customers into actual ones.
The better the advertisement, the more customers they can potentially get to purchase their goods and/ or services. In chapter 14, Hayakawa stated: “Advertising, then, has become in large part the art of overcoming us with pleasurable affective connotations” (p. 150). When I look at advertisements, they either give me a positive or negative feeling. While I was oversea in, I remember going to buy cigarettes with a friend and when he got the cigarettes they had a picture at the bottom. In one corner at the bottom it had the warning and on the other side, it had two pictures one of lung cancer and the other of mouth cancer. The advertisement for the cigarettes gave me a negative feeling which is why I have never
DIRECT TO CONSUMER ADVERTISING (DCTA) IN THE HEALTH CARE FIELD Thomas E Wallace III Pharm. D. Candidate Class of 2020, School of Pharmacy, University of Saint Joseph, Hartford, CT, USA, 060103. ABSTRACT
It is imperative to understand what does advertising do, before undertaking any research in the field of advertising. Advertising is a form of communication. It attempts to send a message to the target audience in order to elicit a desired
Nowadays, advertisements are everywhere embedded in our daily life. They are powerful resources that inform people the latest news about a particular product or brand in many different ways. Most of the people are being able to get more information and detail of a product from media, radio stations, newspapers and internet. Even though advertising is a big informative source, it also can be considered as a marketing tool to control the mind and desires of the consumers to manipulate and persuade them to buy things they do not need.
Therefore, brand loyalty among current consumers might be interrupted due to health concerns. Thus, advertising to attract new consumers is vital.
Advertising for Pharmaceutical products in the United Kingdom and the United States triggered frequent examination included integrated marketing communication, How they affect the audience, Social Responsibilities influence by the Advertising Standard Authority, UK, Impact of the advertisement towards the cultural in Malaysia, Globalization and Ethical Issues.
In this project, authors will focus on one of the main components of marketing, which is advertising. According to dictionary: “Advertising is the act or practice of calling public attention to one’s product, service, need, etc., especially
Advertising is an information source to inform people about the products and new prices of the company which can help them to make informed choices. More recently, huge amount of money has been spent on advertising throughout the world. Different types of advertisement such as television, radio, magazine, newspaper, the internet, billboards and posters can influence consumer’s behavior positively or negatively as there are different arguments and opinions. This essay will focus on the purpose of the advertisement for the company, the positive effects and negative effects of advertisement on consumer behavior.
Advertising in business is a type of marketing communication used to encourage, persuade, or manipulate a customer to take or continue to take some action. The desired result is to drive consumer behavior with respect to a commercial offering.
Advertising has been defined as the most powerful, persuasive, and manipulative tool that firms have to control consumers all over the world. It is a form of communication that typically attempts to persuade potential customers to purchase or to consume more of a particular brand of product or service. Its impacts created on the society throughout the years has been amazing, especially in this technology age. Influencing people’s habits, creating false needs, distorting the values and priorities of our society with sexism and feminism, advertising has become a poison snake ready to hunt his prey. However, on the other hand, advertising has had a positive effect as a help of the economy and society.
According to the Economic Times, advertisement is a way to communicate with the users of a specific product or service. In a simpler way, advertisement is a message that has been paid for the intention to inform and influence those who receive it.