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Critical elements of employee engagement
Hawthorne experiment and it's implementation
Critical elements of employee engagement
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Hawthorne experiments were conducted at the Hawthorne (Illinois) plant of the Western Electric Company to determined the psychological factors, components of the job and work satisfaction on the employees. The experiments identified the factors that will help me to manage the operating employee of the factory. The Hawthorne experiments were divided into three phrases and there were 4 experiments conducted within this purpose.
The first phrase was the test room studies where there were two experiments conducted for this purpose. The first experiment was the illumination experiments (1924-1927) which studied the effects of lighting on output. Two groups of workers were selected in the company and one group had no variations in its level of lighting while the other group were placed under the envoirement that had several variations from better to worse. The result was surprising, as output of both groups were increased.
The second experiment named Relay Assembly Test Room ((1927-1929) were conducted to further the investigation. In this experiment, a group of women were made to subject of various conditions that include the effects of changes in working conditions such as rest periods and meal breaks. Again, the result of the experiment shown that regardless of whether the conditions were improved or worsened, the productivity always increased. Elton Mayo identified this situation is due to the fact that the women responded to the researchers’ attention. And saw themselves as a special group. This form of behavior is known as “Hawthorne effect”.
From the first phrase of studies, I learnt that an important factor were not the incentives or working conditions, but is the esprit de corps that lies within the workers. In this case, I need to develop the esprit de corps among the operating workers by showing more personal interest to them. In short, I need to pay a lot of attention to the operating workers in my factory.
The second phrase of the Hawthorne experiment was the interviewing studies. Interviewing programs were established to determine the attitudes of people at the plant towards their jobs, working conditions and supervision. It was also aimed to establish the importance of social relationships in the work situation to increment the interest in human relations at work. 21000 people were interviewed for a morale survey. The survey, however, cannot identify the dissatisfactions of the workers. The result of the survey identified that the wealth of material gained was used to improve several aspects of working conditions and supervision.
A single aspect of McClelland’s experience illustrates the issue within warehouse operations. The workers are forced to work in a fast-paced, highly stressful environment with minimal to no social relief to break up the day. Long jaunts and short breaks lead to maximum levels of worker discomfort, but they have no choice but to keep going if they wish to keep their jobs. Always being on the move is unhealthy. The operators of the warehouse obviously disregard the health of their workers for the sake of saving a few
I choose to examine the Stanford Prison Study. This experiment was conducted by a famous psychologist named Philip Zimbardo. This study focused on testing if and how quickly individuals would conform to social roles they were assigned. The experiment took place on the bottom floor of the psychology building at Stanford University which was transformed into a mock prison. In order to achieve the appearance of a real prison, the cells included bare walls, limited space, and bared doors and windows. He then selected 21 males from 75 volunteers and appointed them as either a prisoner or a guard.
In conclusion, this organization should focus more on their employees and less on profitability. This reasoning comes from the idea that efficient and appreciated employees will dictate the future of an organization through their quality of work and their outlook on the company they work for. Implementing rewards for employees and showing appreciation towards them will make them feel honored to work for such a company. In addition, word of mouth from employees will dictate in the inflow of new or current customers. If employees are treated fairly and respectfully, they are more likely to recommend their place of employment for shoppers. Finally, the implementation of a hybrid culture will benefit the company by meeting the needs of the employer, employees and customers alike.
The study is usually described as an experiment with the independent variable being, the condition the participants are ...
In the time of the Industrial Revolution factory owners were brutal and unfair to their employees. A young worker named William Cooper, was asked by a Sadler Committee, “ What were your usual hours of working? What time did you have for meals? What means were taken to keep you awake and attentive?” and he answered,
... assembly line and men and women are conditioned differently likewise to function a certain role in society. Men pursue and every women says yes. They get the same hypnopaedic chants as young and same sleep teaching. The conditioning of “Community, Identity, Stability” is satisfied.
The research in the field of IO psychology, provides aspects that attain to my interests. These aspects include; the study of management-employee relationship, work motivation to drive production, organizational culture, motivated leadership and its effectiveness, organizational development, training, ergonomics and the need of employee counseling. I have a passionate commitment to obtain the work of a psychologist, out of concern for the well-being of clients and the community at large. As a result of my professional volunteer experience, I now have a great deal of confidence in my abilities to plan and organize professionally, to set priorities, to meet deadlines and to handle simultaneous demands and conflicting priorities.
The results of the impressions of the experimenter and the experiment were higher in the fourth group with 455.5 and lower in the first group with 88.8. The impressions for the second group was 121.7 and 372.53 for group three. Impressions were high in the third group, but
The culture of appreciating employees for their hard work and achievements by incentives shows how the organization values their employees. Lincoln believed “Status is of great importance in all human relationships. The greatest incentive that money has, usually, is that is it a symbol of success... The resulting status is the real incentive... Money alone can be an incentive to the miser only. There must be complete honesty and understanding between the hourly worker and management if high efficiency is to be obtained”. This shows how harmoniously the labor and management have to work together to produce
In order for an experiment to be considered a true experimental design, the design must fit specific criteria. The researcher must have a hypothesis for a cause and effect relationship between variables, the treatment group, the control group, random selection for the treatment group, and random assignment for the control group. In a simple experiment, the researcher forms two groups that are similar or equivalent, through probability, to each other in every way possible appropriate to the concept of experiment. The treatment group receives the procedure for the experiment and the control group does not. Therefore, the only difference between the groups will be that one group receives the treatment for the experiment and one group does note. After the experiment is conducted the researcher analysis the results in both groups.
You need to write an essay related to the development of an employee’s psychological contract. This essay is designed to widen your knowledge of this particular facet of the employer-employee relationship. Hence, you are required to widely research the concept of psychological contracts and write an essay that discusses the construct. Details of what is required within this assignment will be discussed in class.
Although Piaget and his famed clinical method started within the realm of cognitive psychology, in the 1920’s, Piaget became a prime influence toward the beginning of organizational psychology. In the United States during the industrial revolution, there was a series of experiments with about 20,000 workers at Western Electric Company in Hawthorne, Illinois. A company who was already known for caring about the welfare of their employees wanted to run a trial of two sets of offices: one room as the control group, and the other to run experiments. The goal of the experiments was to see how the illumination of the light fixtures would increase or reduce work productivity. What made the research so interesting was that no matter how the lights
Individuals behave in a given manner based not on the way their external environment actually is but, rather, on what they see or believe it to be. An organization may spend millions of dollars to create a pleasant work environment for its employees. However, in spite of these expenditures, if an employee believes that his or her job that assigned to them is lousy and feel unsatisfactory, that employee will behave accordingly.
The experiment given by Aronson and Cope tested the attractiveness and punishments given by a person based on their relationship with another person. Forty male and forty female were randomly assigned to get a harsh experimenter and pleasant experimenter, harsh experimenter and harsh supervisor, pleasant experimenter and pleasant supervisor, or pleasant experimenter and harsh supervisor. The people who participated in the experiment thought they were participating in a study on creativity. The college students had to write a creative story on each picture that they were shown. The graduate student, who was the experimenter, always had a negative reaction to their stories but was either considerate about letting them know or was really harsh and rude about informing the students about their not creative stories. Then the experimenter would put his foot on the on the vent in the room and that would signal the supervisor to come interrupt the session to let the experimenter know if they had done a good job or bad job on the research that he had been conducting. This research is ba...
...n highly repetitive tasks which could lead to boredom and employees feeling like machinery. Third, Taylor and Weber’s systems ignored employee relationships and group dynamics which play some role in employee happiness. Both Taylor and Weber’s systems reduced worker discretion, flexibility, and motivation. Neither believed that specific employees were essential to efficiency and effectiveness and dehumanized the workers.