Harmonic Motion: The Spring
Objective:
The purpose of this experiment to study the simple harmonic motion of an object placed on the spring. Harmonic motion involves the principle of oscillation where the spring force is proportional to the spring?s elongation. This means that the further the spring was stretched, there was increase in the force in order to keep the spring extended. The experiment is divided into two parts. In the first part, I measured static equilibrium and in the second part, I measured the period of oscillation known as dynamic oscillation.
Apparatus:
The equipment was pole with a spring attached to top at its arm. Metric ruler was attached to the pole, which was used to measure the extension of the spring from its initial position to its final position. On the bottom of the spring, there was a hook that was used as the index point where the measurement was made. Also, the hook was used for attachment of the hanger with the slotted weight.
Theory:
In static equilibrium, force of a spring is proportional to and directed opposite to the elongation. This is represented by Hooke?s Law where the restoring force is equal to elongation distance from equilibrium multiplied by the constant force of the body. From that equation, the experimenter will know how much force is needed to be applied to the spring in order to stretch it a particular distance. The experiment also deals with dynamic oscillation that deals with the period of oscillation, which is independent of displacement. The period of oscillation is only depended on the effective mass and the spring constant.
Procedure:
1. I weighted the spring and recorded its mass.
2. I hanged the spring vertically from the arm of the pole. I used the bottom of the hook
on the spring as the reference point where I would measure the length of elongation. I
read the initial length of the spring to the nearest millimeter.
3. Then I attached the hanger with a 10 gm slotted weight. I weighted the hanger to
make sure that it is exactly 50 gm. Recorded the new position of the spring and the displacement X from the initial position of the spring.
4. I displaced the weight about 5cm from the equilibrium and released it. This made the
hanger oscillate and I recorded the amount of time, it took for 20 complete oscillations to occur and determined the period from this.
To set up the experiment, a central force apparatus was calibrated and setup with a hanging
Conclusion: The objective of the lab was met, because for each trial the acceleration remained constant during each trial. There was no external force such as a vacuum used during this free fall to effect weight of the object nor was air resistance not considered in this free fall object. The gravitational acceleration equals the acceleration of the object. Regardless of the weight or size all objects free fall with the same acceleration until it hits the ground unless it is acted upon by another force. The values were compared to the theoretical values and the percent error of 2% shows the experiment was successful.
2. Lift the Ball Bearing to a height of 10cm and drop into the tub of
4) Using the inertial balance, find the time it would take for 20 oscillations of the c-clamp (which should be attached to the empty pan). Divide your time by 20 and record this as T1.
4) The mass will be the first variable we manipulate. We will use the three smaller marbles of the four provided marbles. Do two trials for each marble and stop the stopwatch when the marble hits the spring. This will give us the time to calculate speed later.
The purpose of this project was to understand the forces, momentum, and energy a contraption would experience during an impact from a pendulum at 5, 10, 15, 20, and 25mph. The project was required to hold and protect 2 raw large Grade A eggs from each pendulum impact respectively.
Rigid body motion does not change the length of a vector joining the pair of points inside the body and has no concern with the strain analysis. When external forces are applied on an elastic body, the body undergoes deformation. Due to the elasticity of the body, there comes into play a force which resists the deformation. This force is called stress force. Clearly, the deformation of the body is accompanied by the stress force. In other words, stress and strain occur together in inelastic body. There are two types of elastic deformation: (i) Dilatation and (ii) Shear strain set up in the body in such a way that there is a change only in volume but no change in shape, is called dilatation. In the shear deformation, there is a change in the shape of the body without a change in its volume. Dilatations are further categorized into two kinds: compression, in which volume is reduced; and rarefaction, in which the volume is
Placed the mass on the horizontal shaft. Moved the pin and mass 14 cm from the vertical shaft, and then fixed the pin in place below the mass using the setscrew. The distance was recorded.
When a mass is attached to the end of a spring the downward force the
2. Tension needs to be greater than the weight for acceleration to be in the correct
9.) Timer – I chose this as it is very precise (it measures to 2
In the experiment these materials were used in the following ways. A piece of Veneer wood was used as the surface to pull the object over. Placed on top of this was a rectangular wood block weighing 0.148-kg (1.45 N/ 9.80 m/s/s). A string was attached to the wood block and then a loop was made at the end of the string so a Newton scale could be attached to determine the force. The block was placed on the Veneer and drug for about 0.6 m at a constant speed to determine the force needed to pull the block at a constant speed. The force was read off of the Newton scale, this was difficult because the scale was in motion pulling the object. To increase the mass weights were placed on the top of the ...
In analyzing the force associated with a certain spring, whether it is in you pen or under your truck, Hooke’s Law applies.
The scientific question investigated in this experiment was, “Which household object, when catapulted at a 45 degree angle, will travel the farthest?” The hypothesis in this experiment was, “If four household objects are catapulted at a 45 degree angle, then the standard white dice will travel the farthest.” The independent variable in this experiment is changing the object launched. The dependent variable in this experiment is the change in distance traveled. The control variables are using the same catapult, tape measure, location, and maintaining the same launch angle. The control group is the catapult which remains the same throughout the experiment. The experimental group consists of the four objects being catapulted. The procedures for this experiment go as follows: Step three, place an item in the cup on the arm of the catapult. Step four, pull back the arm until it cannot go back any further. Step five, carefully release the arm which will catapult the object into the air. Step six, record where the object initially lands.
It states that, the amount by which a material body is deformed is linearly related to the force causing the deformation i.e. stress. Or more clearly stress is directly proportional to the deformation. Those solid obey Hook’s l...