This study aim to investigate the correlation between hand grip strength and digit ratio (2D:4D) among the team sport collegiate athletes which are the volleyball players, rugby players and frisbee players. These are the team sport that require the grip strength and could be measure using the hand grip strength test due to their needs and usage of their arms. Shoulder girdle strength and handgrip strength are physiological variables that are affected by a number of factors including age, gender and body size. The estimation of these variables is of immense importance in sports like tennis, handball, basketball, volleyball, baseball and softball, where sufficient degree of shoulder girdle strength and grip strength is necessary to be successful
There are two different areas that are important for testing handgrip strength, those are anatomical and physiological. Anatomically, grip strength and muscle mass are related with a correlation factor (r) = 0.60. Handgrip strength develops mainly as a function of the muscles in the forearm, as well as the muscles in the hand. Physiologically, grip strength participants reach peaks of 0.3 s to 2.7 s. These results help to show that the energy pathway involved in maximal muscle strength comes from the phosphagen system, which is the primary biochemical reaction for strength. (Beam & Adams 2014).
Also, it was stated that because of the elbow angle at foot stride and ball release that the shoulder joint was affected more so than at any other time. Finally, in order to understand why the injuries occur we should learn the joint ranges of motion so we can develop better preventive methods for injuries.
Biomechanics allows the study of ice hockey to occur. In terms of ice hockey, biomechanics can be used to study a players shot, a goaltenders movement, line changes where players jump over the boards to get on and off the ice, and impacts. Multiple options are available in regards to recording biomechanical values during ice hockey play. These options often include instruments with the player’s helmet, which do not disrupt the player’s movement. Other options being used are accelerometers attached to the players extremities. Currently studies in ice hockey are looking at head impacts and the injuries connected to those impacts. These impacts are often categorized between event type, impact location, and impact object. These categories are helpful in determining what happened to cause the impact, once the impact is determined biomechanics is used to determine liner and rotational accelerations. The values that are calculated for the linear and rotational accelerations can be used to determine if head injury is likely for similar events or if a head injury occurred during the event
The Standing Overarm Throw (SOT) is a single-handed throw of an object where it is released above the shoulder. The SOT is a complex skill that involves the entire body. The SOT is an open kinetic chain, which refers to movements in which successive body joints move in combination and where the last segment of movement is free. In SOT, there are many joints or segments involved which generate the force needed to achieve a further distance. Using more joints can produce more force. Force summation also plays a part. Force is generated from the major muscle groups (legs), which is accelerated through the pelvis and the trunk, and culminates in the arm, wrists and fingers. Most of the overhead throw takes place in the limbs, which is a 3rd class lever. The lever is the whole of the moment arm – with the force arm is at the elbow joint and the resistance arm is from the elbow to the wrist/fingers. A player who can utilize this lever to the maximum potential is able to generate more force to propel the object forward. The objective for this paper is to compare the differences in the standing overarm throw between an adult and a child below 7 years old using a plastic shuttlecock. The measurements of the distance thrown are tabulated below:
A study was performed in order to better understand how different sports and their loadings on the bone structure affect muscle performance and joint moment, depending on the structures of the upper and lower extremities. The purpose of the study was to see if dense bone masses help construct stronger bone structures in athletes and if the nonweight-bearing upper extremity affects bone structure. The subjects that were tested consisted of one hundred and thirteen female athletes. These athletes were representative of volleyball, hurdling, tennis, badminton, squa...
The wrist flexors during this deceleration phase become concentric. The timing of this muscle’s change in purpose and action places the most emphasis on accuracy beyond the arrangement of the hips and shoulders. When discussing the biomechanical factor’s influencing the ball’s trajectory, Macagnone (2016) states, “This phase will vary based on the shot technique performed and player skill level …” This statement emphasizes the diversity in accuracy based on personnel and the skill level. To maximize accuracy when taking a lacrosse shot, the timing of the wrist flexor’s change in motion determines the trajectory of the ball. The trunk plays a major role in accuracy as well because of its support for the upper extremities during ball release and the influence of momentum and force of the ball’s
Findings from this study contradicts Caraffa, Cerulli, Projetti, Aisa, and Rizzo’s (1996) study which found that balance training significantly reduced ACL injuries in male soccer players. Intervention groups showed improvement for non-dominant leg with extended knee balance, however that was the only change seen throughout the study in both groups. No significant difference was found for balance and postural sway of the lower extremities for both groups. Results showed that the intervention group had a major injury rate compared to the control group. However, difference in injury rate was determined to not be related with balance board training by having a separate study. Even though there were drop outs during the study, it was not enough to affect the detection of reduction in injury. It can be concluded that one season of balance board training did not reduce lower extremity injuries in female soccer
A 15 segment, three dimensional test was used to determine the biomechanics of the body during the soccer kick (Shan, 2005). Most motions of a soccer kick involve the sagittal plane and therefore can be used mostly by two dimensional analysis. Fifteen soccer players were used in this analysis (Shan, 2005). The results showed that the more experienced the player, the better the kick. This was due to the difference in trunk extension and rotation. The trunk rotated up to 60 degrees in experienced players (Shan, 2005). Once the plant leg was firmly on the ground the experienced player would rotate his body from his trunk causing the should to rotate as well as the head, creating a whip like effect to provide the most force on the ball. The study concluded that the whole body was used in a soccer kick and required multi-joint coordination. (Shan,
Before even exploring the internet, quite a lot of time was taken to figure out the topic for this report. Once the topic was selected, several questions and ideas were noted to research about. The University of Waterloo libraries online database was used to search for reliable sources for articles. PubMed and Google Scholar were selected as the primary sources for articles, as well as reliable and valid individual author websites. After short listing several articles related to the topic, each article was carefully read and evaluated for validity, reliability, and overall quality. After analyzing and interpreting the data of the articles, the selected topic of this report will be further explained. Three main articles were selected from three very respected journal including, Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport, Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, and Fitness & Performance Journal. In order to increase experimental control as well as external validity, the articles chosen experimented in outdoors conditions which are exposed to climate conditions, as well as indoors on rubberized to minimize climate conditions (1*). References were later cited to give credit to the original author(s) of the articles. (http://www.ohrc.on.ca/en/count-me-collecting-human-rights-based-data/6-what-involved-collecting-data-%E2%80%93-six-steps-success )
Psychology is the scientific study of how people behave, think and feel. Psychologists study a broad ranging discipline which incorporates both the scientific study of human behaviour as well as its biological, cognitive, and social bases, along with the systematic application of this knowledge applied to specific problems (McLeod, 2011). However, as for sports psychology, this can be defined as an interdisciplinary science that draws on knowledge from many related fields such as biomechanics, physiology, kinesiology and psychology. Furthermore, it involves the study of how psychological factors can affect an individual’s performance, alongside how participation in both exercise and sport can affect psychological and physical factors (Amezdroz, 2010).
I am keen to discover new optimal techniques for enhancing sports performances, analysing the human body to determine the safest method for performing a particular exercise. I desire to help athletes’ enhance their techniques through accurately calculated advances based on evidence about movement. My fascination in helping athletes will aid my ability to become a sport biomechanic
Soccer has a high significance in building strength, health, and endurance (“Soccer Health Benefit”). To be able to soccer a goal onto the other side, one must be able to run and kick the ball. These two gestures in turn build the persons strength and cardiovascular health. When I stopped playing soccer in my transiti...
Sewall, R., et al. Strength Development in Children. (abstract). Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise. 16:158. 1984.
Gabboth, Tim. "Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research (Lippincott Williams & Wilkins). Feb2012, Vol. 26 Issue 2, P487-491. 5p." N.p., n.d. Web.
This research task requires that, through participation in skill learning and game play during the volleyball unit we have been required to observe and analyse the characteristics of skilled performers; receive feedback on weaknesses in technique and develop and participate in training activities that could correct these weaknesses.