Haitian Culture

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Overview
“Haiti is the poorest nation in the Western Hemisphere” (UNICEF, 2014, para. 1). The population is nearly all descendants of African slaves who won independence from France in 1804, making it the second country in the Americas after the United States to free itself from colonial rule (Girault, 2013, para. 2). But in 1915, the United States invaded Haiti to stabilize political unrest. Guerrilla warfare fought against US presence until they left in 1934 after a negotiation. Then a bunch of unstable regimes succeeded one another through 1957 when a president was elected and declared himself President for Life. After he died, his son took his place, but was late exiled to France. This left the government in the hands of the military; they held election in 1990. Aristide won but was overthrown in 1991, but returned to Presidency in 1994 because of the United Stated and the United Nations. Civil unrest followed until 2004, when the UN Stabilization Mission was sent to Haiti. The current President is Michel Martelly and the Prime Minister is Laurent Lamothe. The UN is not scheduled to leave until 2016. (DFAT, 2012, para. 3-7)
Cultural Considerations
On January 12th, 2010, Haiti was struck by a 7.0 magnitude earthquake killing over 20,000 people and made up to 1.5 million people homeless which cause massive economic and infrastructural damage (Polonsky, Luqyero, Francois, Tousseau, Caleo, Ciglenecki, Delacre, Siddiqui, Terzain, Verhenne, Porten, & Checci, 2013, para. 6-7). This earthquake caused malnutrition, food rations, and disease outbreaks, including Cholera. Since 2010, 700,000 people to become infected and 8,000 people have died from Cholera. Before 2010, there was not a documented case of Cholera in Haiti. It is believe...

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...enne, L., Porten, K., & Checchi, F. (2013). Public Health Surveillance After the 2010 Haiti Earthquake: the Experience of Médecins Sans Frontières. PLOS Currents Disasters. Edition 1. doi: 10.1371/currents.dis.6aec18e84816c055b8c2a06456811c7a.
Severe, L., Fitzgerald, D. W., Deschamps, M. M., Reif, L., Post, K., Johnson, W. D., Pape, J. W., & Boutin-Foster, C. (2014) ‘I am proud of myself, just the way I am’ (Mwen fye de tet mwen, jan mwen ye ya): A qualitative study among young Haitian women seeking care for sexually transmitted infections (STIs) in Haiti. AIDS Education & Prevention 26(2): 158-169. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1521/aeap.2014.26.2.158
UNICEF. (2010). Haiti. UNICEF. Retrieved from: http://www.unicef.org/infobycountry/ haiti_2014.html
UNICEF. (2014). Haiti. UNICEF. Retrieved from: http://www.unicef.org/search/search.php?q_ en=Haiti&go.x=0&go.y=0

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