HIV in Africa

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HIV is the Human Immunodeficiency Virus which causes Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) [1]. AIDS is the last stage of HIV infection when the immune system of the infected person is so critically compromised that the body can no longer defend itself against life-threatening disease. There is currently no cure for HIV but treatment options are available to help patients live a long and relatively healthy life.
HIV is spread through body fluid, specifically semen, vaginal fluid, blood and breast milk.[2] The virus mainly infect cells of the immune system such as CD4+ T cells (helper T cells), macrophages, dendritic cells and microglial cells.[3] Certain glycoproteins are present on the cell surface of HIV. These glycoprotein will adsorb to the receptor on target cells. This is followed by fusion of the viral envelope and the cell membrane of the target cell which releases the virus capsid within the viral envelope into the target cell. [4] After the virus enters, it begins to replicate at an exponential rate. It does this so rapidly that the virus count may reach several million...

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