On the rest of the years (2010-2012) the situation is not different from the comparison established between 2005 and 2009. African countries having abysmal gap between them and the European countries. The European level of prevalence does not even reach the one percent while in the African countries, the HIV prevalence is rampant. It is important to note that the correlation calculation for these last three years has just kept increasing: 95% in 2010, 96% in 2011 and 98% for 2012. An utterly strong correlation between HDI and HIV. Nevertheless, let us remember that a positive correlation does not necessarily mean causality. On the top of the list regarding HDI in Africa, we find South Africa, which is also the second lowest in HIV prevalence. At the same time, in Europe, we have got Norway spearheading the list regarding HDI and, unsurprisingly also accounting for one of the lowest in HIV prevalence.
3. Correlation graph, years: 2005,2009,2010,2011 and 2012
Source: Geohive.com and worldbank.org
Source: Geohive.com and worldbank.org
The previous graph shows a scatterplot accounting for all the years in the analysis. With the Netherlands being an outlier for the year 2005, the general tendency clearly shows what previous calculations have stated. There is a negative strong correlation between the HDI and the HIV prevalence percentage. Further calculations shows that there is no correlation between the years, this means that for this dataset. The passage of time is not important to be taken in account not in HDI nor in HIV since their correlation percentages are 7% for the former and 0.006% for the latter.
Discussion
As stated before, HDI is made up three components: Health, Education and Wealth. Having this in mind it be...
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Compounding these exceptionally troubling numbers is a significant population with human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immune deficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS). Again estimates vary, but the United Nations projects the national prevalence rate to be 4.5 percent of the population. Other estimates place the rate as high as 12 percent in the urban population and 5 percent in rural regions. As a small “win”, the infection rate for HIV/AIDS has recently shifted downward due to significant UNAIDS/WHO efforts (Haiti – Health).
The World Bank: Data Bank. (2014). Explore . Create . Share. Retrieved January 26, 2014 from http://databank.worldbank.org/data/views/reports/tableview.aspx
Although the sub-Saharan region accounts for just 10% of the world’s population, 67% (22.5 million) of the 33.4 million people living with HIV/AIDS in 1998 were residents of one of the 34 countries of sub-Saharan Africa, and of all AIDS deaths since the epidemic started, 83% have occurred in sub-Saharan Africa (Gilks, 1999, p. 180). Among children under age 15 living with HIV/AIDS, 90% live in sub-Saharan Africa as do 95% of all AIDS orphans. In several of the 34 sub-Saharan nations, 1 out of every 4 adults is HIV-positive (UNAIDS, 1998, p. 1). Taxing low-income countries with health care systems inadequate to handle the burden of non-AIDS related illnesses, AIDS has devastated many of the sub-Saharan African economies. The impact of AIDS on the region is such that it is now affecting demographics - changing mortality and fertility rates, reducing lifespan, and ultimately affecting population growth.
Gilbert, L. S. (2009). Society, Health and Disease in a Time of HIV/AIDS. South Africa: Pan Macmillan.
The federal initiative provides funding for prevention and support programs, research and statistical analysis of HIV/AIDS trends by region of the country (phac-aspc.gc.ca, 2012). The goals of the federal initiative are aimed at preventing the transmission and acquisition of HIV/AIDS, to slow the spread of the disease and improve the quality of life of those infected with disease (phac-aspc.gc.ca, 2012). The overall diagnosis of new HIV/AIDS has decreased in Canada between 1996 and 2012, with a high of 2729 new cases in 1996 and a low of 2062 new cases in 2012, which is an overall reduction of 667 new cases per year (phac-aspc.gc.ca, 2012).
According to the CDC, almost 1.1 million people in the United States have HIV, yet almost 20% of those people are unaware that they are living with the condition (CDC, 2013c). When the HIV broke out almost 30 years ago in the United States, the number of new cases in a year was 130,000. Now, each year the new number of cases being presented is approximately 50,000 (CDC, 2013c). In locations like Sub-Saharan Africa, the statistics are higher. The Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS) states, “In 2011, an estimated 23.5 million people living with HIV resided in sub-Saharan Africa, representing 69% of the global HIV burden” (UNAIDS, 2012). The World Health Organization (WHO) reinforces this point by saying, “Sub-Saharan Africa is the most affected region [of HIV], with nearly 1 in every 20 adults living with HIV. Sixty nine per cent of all people living with HIV are living in this region” (WHO, 2013a). The statistics of infected people living in the United States is alarming but there are other countries, like Africa, which have higher rates of HIV due to very limited
The control and eradication of HIV/AIDS should be of the upmost importance for the whole of the global community. Though many modern countries have effectively treated and controlled the disease in the last few decades in their own societies, it is vital for third-world countries and poorer nations to control the disease in order to advance as a population. Currently, the methods in place to control HIV/AIDS do not work in poor countries due to stigmas attached to the disease and to a general lack in understanding of it. In “The Wisdom of Whores,” Elizabeth Pasini presents a new method of studying the disease from a scientific perspective that is both viable and promising as a solution to AIDS/HIV problem. Her proposal is very strong and well documented. She uses her own experience working in UNAIDS, the CDC, and the WHO to help support her claims from a first hand account and cities a lot of her own, as well as other, scientific research to explain why the focus should be on the tracking patterns and spread of HIV/AIDS, instead of simply on the control of it. Her general argument is very persuasive and provides information from a viewpoint not normally assessed. Proponents of NGOs and religious groups who go in to help prevent the spread of the disease would be the only real dissent against her argument. They would argue against her suggestion that NGOs and religious groups have hurt HIV/AIDS prevention in the past or are currently affecting the control of the disease in a negative way.
The HIV/AIDS Epidemic is undoubtedly the major problem associated with low life expectancy in South Africa. AIDS is caused by HIV which attacks the immune system of the human body leaving the body defenseless against all other ailment. Though the AIDS virus is principally transmitted through sexual intercourse there are several other ways it can be transmitted which includes; mother to baby transmission, skin penetration from unsterile infected object. It is therefore suggested that most HIV and AIDS related deaths in South Africa are generally between wi...
Cohen, J. "HIV/AIDS IN INDIA: HIV/AIDS: Till Death Do Us Part." Science 304.5670 (2004): 513-17. Print.
Statistics have been show a frightening increase in AIDS/HIV cases. As of the year 2012, South Africa has had the most cases of HIV/AIDS coming to a total of 6,070,800 ("Country Comparison :: HIV/AIDS”). This is a huge contributing factor to this conspira...
By the year 2000, 58 million people have been infected by HIV/AIDS and alarming numbers such as 22 million would have already died. And the epidemic continues to spread. HIV/AIDS historically is considered to be one of the longest running worldwide epidemics that we have ever seen, and figures cannot be placed on the true death tolls or estimation of the damage as the cycle still is yet to reach an end (Whiteside 2002). With Africa being the worst hit continent in the world in terms of the HIV/AIDS epidemic and the severity of it’s prevalence; one can only begin to question whether HIV/AIDS and poverty and directly connected or the inter-linkages exacerbate one or the other. This paper aims to argue that HIV/AIDS is a manifestation of poverty, and simultaneously poverty contributes to growing HIV/AIDS epidemic. Development in response both to poverty reduction and to HIV/AIDS is complicated when both have multi-dimensional and multi-faceted impacts on a society, whether it be social, economic or human development impacts. This paper will argue that pre-existing socio economic conditions within a country such as high levels of poverty, poor sanitation, malnutrition, environmental degradation and poor public healthcare systems and limited access to preventative care are crucial factors in contributing to the transfer of the infection (Pasteur: 2000, Mann: 1999).
Africa is a region of the world often associated with HIV due to the infection’s enduring prevalence on the continent. Specifically, Sub-Saharan Africa is the area of the world with the most infected individuals, approximately 26.6 million with roughly 1.4 million new infections each year (Bowler; White). This equates to 2/3 of all HIV infected individuals around the world. In this region it is harder to obtain treatment than in other areas of the world, with only 41 percent of people living with HIV in Sub-Saharan Africa having access to ART (“Data”). A subset of Sub-Saharan Africa that has the highest epidemic rate is Southern Africa, which consists of nine countries. Table 1 lists the countries in Southern Africa and shows
The Human Immunodeficiency Virus/Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome, commonly known as HIV/AIDS is a disease, with which the human immune system, unlike in other disease, cannot cope. AIDS, which is caused by the HIV virus, causes severe disorder of the immune system and slowly progresses through stages which disable the body’s capability to protect and instead makes it vulnerable for other infections. The first blood sample to contain HIV was drawn in 1959 in Zaire, Africa while molecular genetics have suggested that the epidemic first began in the 1930s (Smallman & Brown, 2011). Currently, according to the Joint UN Program on HIV/AIDS, 35.3 million people worldwide are living with HIV. In 2012, an estimated 2.3 million people became newly infected with the virus and 1.6 million people lost their lives to AIDS (Fact Sheet, UNAIDS). It is due to the globalized international society that a disease which existed in one part of the world has managed to infect so many around the world. Globalization is narrowly defined by Joseph Stiglitz as "the removal of barriers to free trade and the closer integration of national economies" (Stiglitz, 2003). Globalization has its effects in different aspects such as economy, politics, culture, across different parts of the world. Like other aspects, globalization affects the health sector as well. In a society, one finds different things that connect us globally. As Barnett and Whiteside point out (2000), “health and wellbeing are international concerns and global goods, and inherent in the epidemic are lessons to be learned regarding collective responsibility for universal human health” (Barnett & Whiteside, 2000). Therefore, through all these global connections in the international society, t...
(29) UNAID. Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS: AIDS Epidemic Update 2009. 2009; Available at: http://www.unaids.org/en/KnowledgeCentre/HIVData/EpiUpdate/EpiUpdArchive/2009/default.asp. Accessed 7/9/2010, 2010.
HIV does not only affect the well-being of individuals, it has large impacts on households, communities and even nations as a whole. Peer discussions and personal research has also made me realize that some of the countries suffering from this HIV epidemic also rather unfortunately suffer from other infectious diseases such as malaria and tuberculosis, relative poverty and economic stagnation. Despite these setbacks, new inte...