Guadeloupe is an overseas department of France. It is an archipelago of nine islands: Marie-Galante, Grande-Terre, Basse-Terre, La Petite-Terre, St. Barthelemy, Iles des Saintes (2), La Desirade and the northern portion of Saint Martin (the southern portion is Dutch, belonging to the Netherlands). It's situated southeast of Puerto Rico amongst the other Caribbean islands between the North Atlantic ocean and the Caribbean Sea. Also known as “Karukera” or the Island of Beautiful Waters (l'île aux belles eaux), Guadeloupe has been a possession of France since 1635. France fought back and forth with Great Britain for control of Guadeloupe because of the sugar trade but possession was given back to France after the Treaty of Paris (1763) in return …show more content…
This decision, at the time, appeared cryptic given the crimes acted on during the slave era. It was made even more so confusing in that certain French West Indian elites, most being direct participants in Négritude (a literary and ideological movement led by francophone black intellectuals, writers, and politicians), actively participated in the opt-in by presenting the proposal of complete legal and political assimilation to the French Parliament in 1946. One of the main drives for assimilation and integration was connected fundamentally to the the dynamics of Guadeloupean society, and it cannot be made sense of unless there is some comprehension as to how the society of Guadeloupe was …show more content…
All of the factors that contribute to standard of living: social service availability, income, education level, benefits for unemployment, social security, etc have all increased. Today, Guadeloupe carries on as a civilized, well-informed, cultured, and cultivated society with patterns of consumption to interchangeable with those of metropolitan France. While Guadeloupe has grown with the rest of France as a whole, there are many things that make them different from mainland France, one of which is language. French is the official language, but Guadeloupeans also speak a French-lexified Creole dating back to slavery and colonization. Creole survived during a time of stress and strain with the dominant French language which people of color belonging to the middle classes collectively with forward bustling black people in particular wanted to master it as well as gain entry into the culture of French humanism to which the dominant language opened the door
Before the revolution started in Saint Domingue, Saint Domingue was producing 60% of the coffee around the world and produced 40% of the worlds sugar at the same time (Haitian Revolution, www.webster.edu). Comparing all the French colonies, Saint Domingue was the most profitable and the most successful of its possessions. Saint Domingue was the most prosperous and wealthiest island in the Caribbean, but for Plantation Owners. In 1789, mulattoes were about 28,000, followed by white people which where 32,000, and the last group was black slaves, which numbered up to 500,000 (Haitian Revolution, www.webster.edu). The lowest class in saint Domingue was the black slaves, which outnumbered the whites 10 to 1. Saint Domingue had so many slaves that out of the 1 million slaves at this time in the Caribbean, the slave population in saint Domingue mad up half of it. Since this colony was mostly driven by its slave labor, it was one of the richest and the colony that gave more profit of them all in that time. What made this colony one of the richest colonies was their land. Their soil was very fertile and it had and ideal climate, letting it grow a lot of its main productions, like sugar, coffee, cocoa, Indigo, tobacco, cotton and vegetables. When the revolution started to spark in 1789, there we...
No matter what side of the spectrum a person may fall on, the history of the French language in Louisiana runs deep. It was introduced to this land in the eighteenth century as Europeans emigrated from France and the Acadian refugees ventured from Canada. French was Louisiana’s language. As mentioned earlier, efforts are being made to preserve the general French language and background of Louisiana ("Parlez-Vous? Some Louisiana Pupils Being Immersed in French Instruction", 2011). Louisiana currently has thirty schools that offer the French immersion program. CODOFIL is working diligently to increase the amount of schools that offer French immersion programs. It is crucial that these programs be implemented in order to maintain a unique and special characteristic of Louisiana ("Parlez-Vous? Some Louisiana Pupils Being Immersed in French Instruction").
...e, Geneviève, and Armin Schwegler. Creoles, Contact, and Language Change: Linguistics and Social Implications. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Pub., 2004. Print.
Political institutions drastically changed after independence of French rule. The most obvious variation between French ruled St. Domingue and Haitian ruled Haiti is that Haitians now ruled their own land that they had forcibly labored on for almost one-hundred years. After autonomy and freedom from the French, native-born occupants of the island and native-Africans could finally rule themselves. This is a major institutional change because now the rulers of Haiti could cater to their own needs and they proved that blacks could form a working government. Another significant transformation to the government was that it became an empire, not a colony under the Republic of France. As an independent empire the country now answered to itself and its emperor, rather than a king in a country 4,500 miles away. This allowed for the new empire to develop its own culture instead of trying to adapt
Creole population began in the late 18th century to realize that the colonial system greatly hindered their development. From an economic point of view, the colony was only a source of precious metals and products from the plantation economy and hindering the development of the modern metropolis industrial productions. It was blocked and hindered foreign trade. Spain forced the colonies to trading only with him.
The Creoles wanted to go up the social pyramid and gain power but they still respected the Natives(which are lower class) because of their sense of pride/loyalty to their country. A revolution was something that the Creoles thought was good. Something had to be done about Spain because they had no rights to be in Latin America, "at the same time we are struggling to maintain
Corsica is a rugged island in the Mediterranean, which lies sixty miles off the coast of Italy. The Corsicans are proud and independent people. In 1768, when the French took over the island from Genoa, an Italian state, the Corsicans rebelled and fought for their freedom. But they were unsuccessful. Their leader, Pasquale Paoli, was driven into exile.
The Galapagos Islands are located in the Pacific Ocean with a chain that stretches as far as 220 kilometers from the most northern to the most southern island. This archipelago of volcanic islands is positioned in a way where some islands are found north of the Equator and others are found south of the Equator. There is even one island, Volcan Wolf, which is positioned directly on the equatorial line. The Galapagos has absolutely no indigenous population, and those 25,000 citizens that do live there now speak primarily Spanish. There are a total of 18 main islands, 3 small islands, and 107 islets (very small islands).
Before Haiti was called Haiti, it was called Quisqueya by its original inhabitants the Arawaks, the Tainos, and Caraibes. These Indians were taken advantage of by Christopher Columbus, He took their Gold, and renamed the island Hispanola, because Spain was financing his explorations. The Indian pop...
The Caribbean islands of Guadeloupe, Martinique and Saint Domingue were very important to the French economy due to its high sugar trade and increasing its profits through slavery. After the Fall of Louis XVI The National Assembly was considering the question of rights for free men of color. Saint Domingue had 40,000 whites and 30,000 free people of color along with 500,000 slaves. In 1790 the free people of color sent a delegation to Paris to be seated, accentuating that they are property owners and some even of European descent. The assembly later refused to seat them sparking a rebellion among free people of color, which spoke of an independence from France. French colonial authorities suppressed the first rebellion quickly and brutally killed Vincent Oge, a member of the Delegation to Paris and leader of the first rebellion and most of his followers.
Having given a concise idea about the French colonial ideology, we will examine the French colonial ideology from another perspective which is identity. Ideology here is similar to discourse in terms of conception as it was discussed by Stuart Hall, a Jamaican-British cultural theorist and sociologist, who he compared ideology to discourse; “A discourse is similar to what sociologists call an "ideology", it is a set of statements or beliefs which produce knowledge that serves the interests of a particular group or class.” in the other hand, Hall deals with identity as a very complex issue, which intervened by other aspects. So when we deal with the colonized identities we automatically evoke the European (colonizer).
This Creole society was united in its Catholicism, and the French language and therefore became a "cultural subgroup which had little in common with, [and] was often in conflict with, Anglo-American society" (Walker, 97). This region of Louisiana was referred to as a "Southern Babylon" (Walker, 97). And it was this backdrop of society that Chopin used in her work which earned her the label of being a local-colorist.
...eole in regular conversation. Whereas the minority of haoles kept political and economic power, natives and immigrants made up most of the common people and created a new culture from swapping homeland comforts, such as bits and pieces from their native languages. Tourism has replaced sugar as the single most important industry in Hawaii, so Hawaiians citizens hold tight to their dialect, a piece of modern Hawaiian culture and identity. Glen Grant says in his article, “Even the most articulate speakers of the King’s English will revert to island dialect when letting down their guard with local friends.” (Glen 150) Although Standard English remains the dominant language in business and in education, Creole has continued to transform, from a language of business, to communication of workers, to a social device that expresses the endurance of the mixed native cultures.
Let’s begin with the location of Barbados. Barbados is an Island of a cluster of Caribbean Islands. Its location is on the boundary of the Atlantic Ocean and the Caribbean Sea, in a somewhat strange location, if you may. The Island is 166 square miles and is located 13 degrees North, 59 degrees West, leaving it at around 270 miles north-east of Venezuela. Closest to the Island are the nations Saint Lucia and Saint Vincent and the Grenadines. Barbados is generally a flat island, with a central highland; the highest point being Mount Hillaby which stands at 336 meters tall. Barbados is also known as “Little England” by the British. Barbados was named by Pedro A. Campos, a Portuguese explorer, who originally named the Island “Os Barbados’ (The Bearded Ones) because he believed that the islands fig trees looked like beards due to their drooping aerial roots. The capital of Barbados is Bridgetown.
To fuel a global economy, efforts are made to establish a standardized language that will make communication as simple as possible for all foreign endeavors. It could be said that creoles undermine this philosophy, individualizing and personalizing languages rather than uniting them. As authors Pieter Muysken and Norval Smith, (1995) state “It is clear in fact that creole languages develop as the result of ‘linguistic violence’ and, as we shall see, frequently social violence too” (P. 4). Social and linguistic violence are key factors in the development of creoles as societal and governmental persecution have shaped the languages of regions in the world. In the U.S. and other countries in the world that speak English as a primary language, great efforts have been taken to establish standardized English as the primary or secondary language of use. Words such as slang, dialects, and language mixtures have all been attributed to non-standard usages of a language. Yet, Even in Hawaii, a U.S. state, Hawaiian English and Pidgin English have become official languages. Kerry Chan, (2015) from CNN explains “The results from the U.S. Census Bureau revealed a number of Pidgin and Hawaiin Pidgin speakers. Both languages were added to the census list that included over 100 languages, representative of the islands diversity” (pp. 3). From these results, it can be seen that cultural diversity is an important aspect of society on this island. Why then, should any language hold precedence over another when there is a clear example of how developments in language can prosper while having multiple or even a hundred officially spoken languages? From this example, it seems that the development and success of creoles is not only accepted, but also