Experiment 10 Grignard Reactions Name: Lidia Santiana Palha Student number: s3333523 Email-address: lidiapalha@gmail.com Name of demonstrator: H.Helbert Reaction Equation Summary In this experiment a Grignard reaction was carried out to give the desired reagents: benzyl magnesium chloride. This was achieved by reacting benzyl chloride with magnesium in ether. After the Grignard’s reagents were formed, it was reacted with benzaldehyde in ether to give 1,2-diphenylethanol. The main objective of this experiment was to synthesize 1,2-diphenylethanol via a Grignard reaction. The NMR proves that the right product was formed in this experiment. Introduction The Grignard reaction is also known as an organometallic chemical reaction. …show more content…
Now looking in Fig.1 it shows how nucleophilic the Grignard’s reagents are. The carbon because partially negatively charged and the Chlorine to be partially positively charged. Due to this the Second part: first step shows how the nucleophile attacks the partially positively charged carbonyl and the electrons move to the oxygen atom making it negatively charged. The second step is protonation and this proton comes from the acid. The negative oxygen attacks the proton to give an alcohol. Experimental Making benzylmagnesium chloride. All glassware is dried under N2 to remove all the oxygen. In a 250-ml three necked flask equipped with a reflux condenser (and a N2 line) and a dropping funnel, magnesium turnings (2.7g) were placed. A small crystal iodine was heated with a heat gun and produced purple vapour (this was done to activate the Mg). 5ml of dry diethyl ether was added slowly. Then a solution of benzyl chloride (6.5g) and diethyl ether (25ml). After the completion of the reaction, it was heated under reflux for 30 mins. Synthesis of …show more content…
It was added carefully. Then heated under reflux for 1 hour. After cooling to room temperature, the reaction was quenched by pouring the mixture into a beaker of ice and saturated ammonium chloride solution(20ml). The layers were separated and the aqueous layer was extracted with diethyl ether (2 x 20ml). The combined organic layers were washed with water and saturated aqueous NaCl solution, dried on NasSO4. After filtration, the mixture was put on the rotavap and the product crystallized. An NMR was taken to determine if the right product was
barbier reaction: In a 50 mL round bottom flask that had a reflux condenser attachment, saturated ammonium chloride (5 mL), THF (1 mL), zinc powder (0.4 g), benzaldehyde (0.500 mL, 0.5225 g, 4.92 mmol), and allyl bromide (0.470 mL, 0.6533 g, 5.40 mmol) were charged with stir bar and stirred at room temperature for 45 minutes. Diethyl ether (10 mL) was added to the reaction mixture and stirred. The mixture was gravity filtered into a beaker that was topped with a watchglass. The filtrate was transferred to a separatory funnel and the organic layer was extracted with deionized water (10 mL) and diethyl ether (15 mL). The organic layer was placed into an Erlenmeyer flask and the aqueous layer was placed into a beaker, which was extracted with
Solid triphenylmethanol (0.200 g, 0.768 mmol) and sulfuric acid (2 mL) were added to a reaction tube, which was then ground using a glass rod until it dissolved and turned a dark orange color. The mixture was then added dropwise via a glass pipette into another reaction tube containing methanol (1 mL). An extra amount of methanol (2 mL) was used to transfer the rest of the contents of the first reaction tube. Formation of crystals was facilitated by scratching the side of the tube and adding additional methanol until the color changed to an off-white color. The contents of the tube were then vacuum filtered with water and the resulting crude product was weighed and then recrystallized using hot methanol to form triphenylmethyl methyl ether (0.051 g, 0.186 mmol, 24.2%). The melting point was 81 – 83˚
This process is then repeated. In the second trial, the Mg ribbon did not completely dissolve and the results were thrown out. The third trial (referred to as the second in the following analysis due to the exclusion of the previous one) was successful, and measurements can be seen below. We then moved onto the second reaction using magnesium oxide and hydrochloric acid in the fume hood. We measured 200.1 mL of HCl and placed it in the calorimeter, and an initial temperature reading was taken.
Discussion and Conclusions: Interpreting these results have concluded that relative reactivity of these three anilines in order of most reactive to least reactive go; Aniline > Anisole > Acetanilide. Aniline, has an NH2 , the most active substituent , and adds to any ortho/para position available on the ring. This data is confirmed with the product obtained, (2,4,6 tribromoaniline, mp of 108-110 C). As for anisole, it has a strongly activating group attached, OMe an alkoxy group, and it added in two of the three available spots, both ortho. The results conclude: (2,4-Dibromoanisol mp 55-58 C ). Acetanilide has a strong activating group attached, acylamino group, but this group is large and the ortho positions are somewhat hindered so the majority of the product obtained added at the para position, results conclude: (p-bromoacetanilide mp 160-165 C). Since all the substituents attached to the aromatic rings were activators the only products able to be obtained were ortho/para products.
Cu (aq) + 2NO3 (aq) + 2Na+ (aq) + 2OH- (aq) → Cu(OH)2 (s) + 2Na+ (aq) + 2NO3(aq)
Greta Christina eloquently puts into words something I know in theory, but can be hard to understand in practice in heterosexual relationships. In Are we having sex now or what? Christina details her record keeping of how many people she had sex with, and what she counted as sex. She talks about the limiting misconception of sex only being coitus, and other acts not “counting.” Christina writes of how when she started having sex with women her outdated system of what was sex and what was not sex was completely destroyed. By limiting sex to “penis in vagina,” Christina was discounting some of her favorite sexual experiances, and including ones she did not particularly enjoy.
Ensure gloves are worn at all times when handling strong acids and bases within the experiment of the preparation of benzocaine. 4-aminobenzoic acid (3.0g, 0.022 moles) was suspended into a dry round-bottomed flask (100cm3) followed by methylated sprits (20 cm3). Taking extra care the concentrated sulphuric acid of (3.0 cm3, 0.031 moles) was added. Immediately after the condenser was fitted on, and the components in the flask were swirled gently to mix components. It should be ensured that the reactants of the concentrated sulphuric acid and the 4-aminobenzoic acid were not clustered in the ground glass joint between the condenser itself and the flask. In order to heat the mixture to a boiling point, a heating mantle was used and then further left for gently refluxing for a constituent time of forty minutes. After the duration of the consistent forty minutes the rou...
Then the reaction tube was capped but not tightly. The tube then was placed in a sand bath reflux to heat it until a brown color was formed. Then the tube was taken out of the sand bath and allowed to cool to room temperature. Then the tube was shaken until a formation of a white solid at the bottom of the tube. After formation of the white solid, diphenyl ether (2 mL) was added to the solution and heated until the white solid was completely dissolved in the solution. After heating, the tube was cooled to room temperature. Then toluene (2 mL) was added to the solution. The tube was then placed in an ice bath. Then the solution was filtered via vacuum filtration, and there was a formation of a white solid. Then the product was dried and weighed. The Final product was hexaphenylbenzene (0.094 g, 0.176 mmol,
Chemical kinetics is a branch of chemistry that involves reaction rates and the steps that follow in. It tells you how fast a reaction can happen and the steps it takes to make complete the reaction (2). An application of chemical kinetics in everyday life is the mechanics of popcorn. The rate it pops depends on how much water is in a kernel. The more water it has the quicker the steam heats up and causes a reaction- the popping of the kernel (3). Catalysts, temperature, and concentration can cause variations in kinetics (4).
Activation of Zero-Valent Magnesium using Acetic Acid for the Degradation of Triacetone Triperoxide in Ethanol
Anthropologists study the behavior of various cultures and societies and try to understand why they believe and practice certain rituals. In the article Body Ritual Among The Nacirema, by Horace Miner and published by The American Anthropologist, the author describes extreme examples of ritual activity that focus on the human body. The Nacirema believe that the body is ugly, diseased, debilitated and in need of help from their local medicine men, "holy-mouth-men", and "listener" witchdoctor. Even though some of the practices are barbaric, I can relate some of the rituals to our own modern society. Economics is a large part of the ritual process.
Benzyl bromide, an unknown nucleophile and sodium hydroxide was synthesized to form a benzyl ether product. This product was purified and analyzed to find the unknown in the compound.
The chemical reaction takes place when the magnesium ribbon is dropped. into the hydrochloric acid. The products that are formed during this reaction are hydrogen gas and magnesium chloride. The formula equation for this experiment is: Mg + 2HCl (r) MgCl2 + H2. Magnesium + Hydrochloric acid (r) Magnesium Chloride + Hydrogen.
Aim: The aim of this experiment was to determine the empirical formula of magnesium oxide.
The movie Food Inc. was very engrossing. I honestly believed that all foods in the grocery store came from different places. It made me very sad to see how the major food companies would deport illegal immigrants even though, they were the ones who provided transportation and ways for the immigrants to come to America illegally. 95% of my family are all immigrants. My family comes from Belize which is not very from Mexico; So that part of the movie struck me the hardest. I imagined about what would’ve happened if they decided to take one of my family members. The movie opened my eyes to many evil things I did not know about.