What is Grid Computing? The type of computing where computer resources are collected from multiple and different independent organizations, is known as grid computing. This type of computing is categorized as a distributed system with non-interactive workloads. For generalization of the topic, a distributed system is a system where computer entities within a network, communicate and cooperate mutually by passing messages. At first introduction to the topic, a grid system might sound like a type of a system which is same as the conventional high performance computing system that we are familiar with. That is not entirely wrong. The difference between such systems is, that the Grid Computing system nodes perform different tasks or applications. Even though a single grid can be assigned for a specific application, a grid is used for a variety of purposes. Hence, a …show more content…
It is a standardized protocol which transfers multiple data bit streams in a synchronous manner over optical fiber using lasers or highly coherent light from light-emitting diodes (LEDs).
Resource Layer The resources that are gathered from the different locations are stored within the resource layer. Hence, the resource layer is made of computers, storage systems, electronic data catalogue and even sensors, such as telescopes or other types of sensors. With other words, it contains supercomputers, storage areas, servers and sensors. Since they all need to work together, they are all connected directly in a network.
Middleware Layer The middleware layer is the layer that connects all of the components within a grid. It is a piece of software which sits between the operating system and the physics-applications software that can solve a particular problem. Basically, a middleware provides the unified Grid environment. Usually, it is referred as the brain of the Grid, since it acts as a type of intelligence which merges the work of various elements
“Network topology is the arrangement of the various network elements such as node, link, of computer network. Basically, it is topological structure of a network which ether be physically or logically.”
The first cloud infrastructure that I would like to describe is the Platform as a Service model, also known as PaaS. The platform in PaaS describes the fact that it provides the computers operating system and hardware for the use of applications. To expand on the platform description it easier to say that a company can use this cloud infrastructure in order to run their software rather than having to buy each computer and software to run a program for each computer. A plus side of using PaaS is that new developers are able to test applications in the cloud without crashing their own computer. It is also capable of storing information on the cloud which frees up hardware storage space. The traditional type of networking where you every computer had to be networked and hardwired to each of the
The World Wide Web and the internet is not the same thing, and they are often confused with being the one and same. However, the internet existed long before the www (World Wide Web). The internet refers to the massive network of computers stretching all over the world. The word internet also found its origin through this, the word comes from the two words interconnected and network. Though we can all with each other through internet, all the computers are not connected to the one and same mega computer. For each network there are one or several computers that hold the information that is needed to access all the information. This arrangement is known as the client-server architecture.
A distributed system is a collection of independent computers (nodes) that appears to its users as a single coherent
outside it. The systems process all the collected information and send instructions to the rest of
Cloud computing is computing in which large groups of remote servers are networked to allow the centralized data storage, and online access to computer services or resources. Clouds can be classified as public, private or hybrid
A network can be based on either a peer-to-peer level or server-based, also referred to as domain-based. To distinguish the difference, a peer-to-peer network, also known as a workgroup, is a network in which a group of computers are connected together to share resources, such as files, applications, or peripherals. The computers in a peer-to-peer network are peers to one another, meaning no single computer has control over one another. There is also no central location for users to access resources, which means that each individual computer must share their files in order for other computers to have access (Muller, 2003, p.411). “In a peer-to-peer environment, access rights are governed by setting sharing permissions on individual machines.” (Cope, 2002) On the other hand, in a domain-based network, the computers connected together are either servers or clients. All of the other computers connected to the network are called client computers. The server is a dedicated machine that acts as a central location for users to share and access resources. The server controls the level of authority each user has to the shared resources. When logging on to the network, users on client machines are authenticated by the server, based on a user name and password (Lowe, 2004, p.13).
Ian Foster, “The Anatomy of the Grid: Enabling Scalable Virtual Organizations,” in Proc. 7th International Euro-Par Conference on Parallel Processing, Manchester, 2001, pp. 1–4.
The goal of a distributed system is for the user to experience their interaction with the system as if it was a single system. However, it can be advantageous to disclose to the user that they are using a distributed system. For example, a user may be more forgiving for latency in a program if they understand the information must travel a long distance over the network to be processed and then return with the requested solution. This idea is called transparency, the revealing to the user some of the inner workings of the system. Openness was mentioned as an advantage of distributed systems which is true in the context of universally used internet protocols. Many applications and higher level programs have specific interoperability that does not allow for ease of communication between components. Another attribute also listed in the advantages of distributed systems that contains polarity in that context is the systems scalability. While the ability to increase a systems ability to meet demands is positive the carrying out of that task can be in creditably costly, complex, and difficult. If the system needs more processing power it may be conceptually easy to purchase more servers or rent more instances from a provider yet these actions can be extremely costly. Next is the issue of security. With distributed systems many of the different elements of the system are managed by different companies. This lack of continuity means security measures may be weaker in a particular component of the system but with a difficult task of providing proof since lack of access to the differently owned component. The transmission of information also most likely takes place over the open internet. This leaves the data exposed to security threats during entry, exit, and on its journey through the network. The quality of service able to be
It simplifies the storage and processing of large amounts of data, eases the deployment and operation of large-scale global products and services, and automates much of the administration of large-scale clusters of computers.
...tecture for scalability and availability as the public cloud but is restricted to a single organization.
One of the latest advancements in wireless data. It is used in GSM (Global System for Mobile Communications) for transferring data in packets.
Explain how the two important transport protocols deliver messages on behalf of the application and discuss the differences between them
There are several advantages to the layered approach provided by the OSI model. With the design separated into smaller logical pieces, network design problems can be easier to solve through divide and conquer techniques. Vendors who follow the model will produce equipment that is much more likely to be compatible with equipment from other vendors. The OSI model also provides for more extensible network designs. New protocols and other network services are more easier added to a layered architect.