Title of research topic: Public access to green spaces in Riyadh city using GIS technique. Introduction Geography science is one of the most important sciences in the world which related to many elements include people, animals, plants, water, air and connections between all of these elements. As a result, GIS is one of the branches of geographic science. It is very important to know that GIS plays a valuable role in solve many issues which need to recover such as health care, transportation, demographic factors, natural disasters and forest fires as well. Riyadh city is will be the study area in this research which is the capital of Saudi Arabia and it is the largest city as well. Geographically, it is located in the central of Saudi Arabia on latitude 24° 38' N and longitude 46° 43' E. According to high commission for the development of Riyadh (2009), Riyadh is one of the fastest growing in the world because of the immigration in recent years from other parts of Saudi Arabia and overseas. In addition, it has 160 districts with coverage area about 5400 km². The city of Riyadh urban growth rarely seen another city and urban growth has accompanied a similar growth for all Infrastructure facilities such as education, transportation, communication and health care services. However, implementation of infrastructure facilities is not parallel to the speed of urban growth, which led to the difficulty setting up a mechanism for coordination between the infrastructure facilities in the implementation process, resulting in the conflict and duplication in the implementation of facilities. In addition, results in the selection of sites for the majority of green spaces lack to sufficient standards such as suitable of the ... ... middle of paper ... ...07): Promoting ecosystem and human health in urban areas using Green Infrastructure: A literature review. Landscape and Urban Planning 81: 167–178. 10. McConnachie M M, Charlie M. Shackleton C M (2010): Public green space inequality in small towns in South Africa. Habitat International 34: 244–248. 11. Hillsdon M, Panter J, Foster C, Jones A (2006): The relationship between access and quality of urban green space with population physical activity. Public Health 120: 1127–1132. 12. Grahna P, Stigsdotter U K (2010): The relation between perceived sensory dimensions of urban green space and stress restoration. Landscape and Urban Planning 94: 264–275. 13. Barbosa O, Tratalos J a, Armsworth P R, Davies R G, Fuller R a, Johnson P, Gaston K J (2007): who benefits from access to green space? A case study from Sheffield, UK. Landscape and Urban Planning 83: 187–195.
Look at the civilized, beautiful capital cities in every developed country all around the world which is the central of high fashioned and convenience facility. To live in the city, it seems like the nature surrounding is not important to us anymore. In “The Sacred Balance: Rediscovering Our Place in Nature” David Suzuki presents the connection between human and the nature and how we depend on the surrounding environment. However, within the past century, most of our modern technologies have been developed in order to provide people needs of goods and products (63). Many of the products we made are causing much more harm to the environment than the value that products provide. Technological development has damaged our environment to the point
The solution to this was to create green spaces in the city environment so that nature was accessible by all. A couple examples of this would be Central park in New York and Stanley Park itself. Both Central and Stanley Park are large parks that are centered in a large city and are surrounded the concrete jungle of the city. The idea of the urban park was created during the 19th century and was under the premise that the city was a dirty and unhealthy environment to be in. While, the park showed a natural, clean, and healthy environment. The unhealthy environment of the city was due to the industrialization of the major cities, which were full of epidemic and constant violence . This would be much different from the natural feel of parks and “natural” landscape, as these areas would have little development and be “pristine”. Also, they would be more peaceful and lack the human epidemics of the city. Thus, the building of green spaces in the city was meant to calm and relax the citizens and provide a chance of pace to “cleanse” the mind and body of the weary citizens
The conflict in the North Vancouver district is over the resource of land and how to use it. There are many stake holders involved in this conflict. The district owns the Mountain Forest and Cove Forest areas, and wanted to develop the areas in response to projected increases in future populations, taken from the Greater Vancouver Regional District (GVRD) reports. The individual residents of the district are also stake holders. As taxpaying members of the municipality they indirectly own the land. They are also stake holders from the point of view of citizens who live near the proposed development sites and use the forests for its recreation and aesthetic values. Other stake holders include the Lower Mainland residents; many of these people use the North Shore Mountains, and in particular Mountain and Cove Forests, for their outdoor recreation activities. If the land was to be developed they too would be affected.2
Residential, commercial and industrial development is the largest contributors to landscape change in the state of New Jersey. When buildout occurs in one region, development pressure begins in another, virtually insuring the Megalopolis concept of one huge urban corridor stretching between Boston and Washington D.C. Year after year, farmland dwindles, roads become congested, and more residents are left to compete for diminishing natural resources. Desperate measures and newer technologies are incorporated to replace poor planning and lack of vision on behalf of decision-makers caught between competing interests. When the long term health and wellbeing of the established population and the short term gain of a limited number of people compete for vital natural resources there should be no question who's interests should prevail.
Tony Hiss Author of The Experience of Place brings to our attention that as humans “We react, consciously or unconsciously, to the places where we live and work, in ways we scarcely notice or that are only now becoming known to us…In short, the places where we spend our time affect the people we are and can become.” Place defines characteristics in both human and extended moral communities. Place is not necessarily specific to gender, race, generation or specie. This understanding and recognition of place is fundamental when thinking about institutionalizing ecological and social responsibility.
The ambiance of a district also sways the wellness of the individuals that reside within the province. It is proven that citizens who have “greener” communities (more parks, grassy areas, trees) are more likely to be healthier and have a greater life expectancy (2). This could stem from a feeling of security which allows for the people of that area engage in exercise more often than people from areas where it is unsafe to walk the streets alone even in the daytime. Lack of r...
The graph shows the results that were expected from the land use questionnaire. In the tables, the trend in the graphs show the total’s and average’s over 147 years.
Geographers plan new communities, decide where new highways should be placed, and establish evacuation plans. Computerized mapping and data analysis is known as Geographic Information Systems (GIS), a new frontier in geography. Spatial data is gathered on a variety of subjects and input onto a computer. GIS users can create an infinite number of maps by requesting portions of the data to plot.
Cities all over the world are developing. As war ended in 1942, a significant number of people move to the city because they want to improve life. This urbanization process is causing a number of problems and should be met by sustainable development policies. In the beginning, it is important to know the definition of sustainable development. There are some definitions for sustainable development, but simply they say that sustainable development is a development which using resources now and preserving them for future generations (Adams, 1999, p.137). This concept has been agreed internationally at a Rio Conference in 1992 to be implemented by all government policies which mostly known as “Agenda 21” principles (Adams, 1999, p.141). This paper will show that traffic jams and housing problems caused by urbanization can be met by sustainable development policies. The structure of this paper will first explain the situation that leads to traffic jams and housing problems. Next, it will elaborate the sustainable development solutions, implications for the solutions, and evaluations how effective the sustainable development solutions solved the problems.
Geographical concepts have been traced back to ancient days, geography is defining as the scientific study of the location of people and activity across earth and reasons for their distribution. It asks where and why things are where they are. Geographers organizes materials by the places they are located, thus being they have concluded that what happens in one place affects what happens in another place and can further affect conditions in the near future. Like any other subject geography has its own language and knowledge for better understanding of its concepts. Thinking geographically means learning the language, we need both geographical vocabulary and grammar in order to do this. Geography has concepts that enables us to have geographical
Mougeot, Luc. Growing Better Cities: Urban Agriculture for Sustainable Development. International Development Research Centre, 2006.
It’s likely that climatic change will impact rural communities in various ways as compared to urban areas due to a number of aspects containing the categories of occupations that are common, poverty levels and demography. “Climatic gap” refers to the lowe...
Economic benefits for local and national economy as well as some less tangible benefits play a major role when investments are made on bicycle, pedestrian, and open space facilities. Some of the economic benefits from such infrastructures come from increased retail sales, conservation and creation of jobs, reduced health care costs, and real estate appreciation. The facilities discussed also ease road traffic and lead to a better preservation of roads. Investing in these facilities also improves the air quality, preserves carbon-based energy, and aids in creating more active communities. I will review five articles that will quantify each benefit and translate them into economic value.
With more needs for nature experience and sustainable development in urban areas, increasing importance has been attached to urban open spaces since they play a crucial role to support the ecology system and form a natural network in the cities (Chiesura, 2004; Tzoulas et al., 2007). Urban open spaces include plazas, parks, campus, greenways and other green spaces. They serve as islands of nature, enriching urban landscapes, adjusting the microclimate, promoting biodiversity and providing habitats for other species (Chiesura, 2004; Do, Kim, Kim, & Joo, 2014; Morimoto, 2011). Apart from these benefits, they also show a great impact on urban dwellers’ health, since open spaces offer places for outdoor activities and opportunities for contact with nature (Chiesura, 2004). Tyrväinen et al. (2014) indicated that even short-term visits to urban green spaces have positive psychological and physiological effects on perceived stress relief. People were attracted to urban open spaces for physical activities, social interactions, and a relief from daily life, which benefit their mental and physical health (Thwaites, Helleur, & Simkins, 2005). A large epidemiological study in Britain looked at mortality and morbidity among three income levels in relation to urban residents’ access to green open space (Mitchell & Popham,
Just like above, sustainable development helps a lot in dealing with problems caused by urbanization.