During the opening years of the seventeenth century, Europe was gripped by Reformation and Counter-Reformation, when Catholics and Protestants persecuted one another with equal fervour. England was ruled by a Protestant regime, and in 1605 a group of oppressed Catholic landowners hatched a plot to kill the king, James I, during the state opening of parliament on 5 November. The plan, conceived by the Midland Catholics Robert Catesby and Thomas Wyntour, was to blow up the Houses of Parliament with dozens of barrels of gunpowder. Known as the Gunpowder Plot, it was thwarted at the last moment when conspirator Guy Fawkes was discovered nervously waiting to light the fuse. When Fawkes was tortured into revealing the names of the other plotters, the small band of conspirators fled to the Wyntour family home at Huddington Court in Worcestershire. Here they spent their last night, fleeing only a few miles the next day before being surrounded by the militia.
But this was not the end of the affair. The king's chief minister, Robert Cecil, had given strict instructions that Robert Catesby should be taken alive. The reason being, that he possessed a sacred relic - a green, jade gemstone called the Meonia Stone. Tradition held that it had once been set in King Arthur's sword Excalibur. Historically, it had belonged to Mary Queen of Scots, the last legitimate Catholic heir to the English throne. Following her death in 1587, a legend had developed that the Catholic who would finally secure the English throne would need to possess the sacred stone. Fearing that the Meonia Stone would act as a rallying symbol for the English Catholics, Cecil was determined that it should be destroyed. He was furious, however, to discover that Robert Catesby had been shot dead and the knowledge of the stone's whereabouts had died with him. Despite months of frantic searching and intense interrogation of the surviving conspirators, the stone was never found. Three centuries later, in 1979, Graham Phillip's and fellow researcher Andrew Collins decided to go in search of the lost Meonia Stone. The Green Stone, co-authored by Martin Keatman, is the remarkable true story of this fascinating quest.
Following a trail of historical clues, Graham and Andrew finally discovered the identity of the person to whom the stone was given. During their interrogation, the surviving Gunpowder Plotters had stated that Robert Catesby still had the stone with him the night before his death.
They gave up after some time in which many others came flocking to the area to continue digging. Supposedly, this was towards the end of the pirate era and many believe that Captain Kidd must have left his treasure on that island. There were a few “mysterious” objects that were unearthed; wooden planks, discovered the hole was a shaft, chains, and a stone of inscriptions which was supposedly translated to, “Forty feet below two million pounds are buried.” This is a red flag for several reasons: 1. The stone was translated in the late 1800’s which has been discovered in class to be a very problematic year for gaining any valid information on anything. 2. The stone was anonymously translated so no mention of who the expert was other than that it was a Halifax professor. 3. After it had been translated, the stone “mysteriously” disappears and no one sees or hears of it again. So far, the series are turning out to be quite the
In 1553, Mary I became the Queen of England. Mary married King Philip of Spain in order to secure Catholicism in England. Elizabeth unwillingly became the leader of Mary’s opposition, the British Protestants of the time. She attempted to force her younger sister, Elizabeth, into attending Catholic mass in order to set an example for her followers. Elizabeth was raised Protestant and didn’t want to convert, so she avoided mass by complaining of stomach aches. A man named Thomas Wyatt sent a letter informing Elizabeth that he was planning a rebellion in order to prevent the marriage between the two royals.
Dr. King is an emotional, inspiring and strong speaker. His " I Have A Dream" speech tugs a deep root war of emotions in every American’s heart; therefore, this speech is the perfect display of pathos. Even though pathos overwhelm logo and ethos, they also very much present in his speech.
The author of the “I Have A Dream” speech is Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. King, known for his work in Civil Rights during the 1960s. In this informative speech, Dr. King inspires individuals to have a change in both white and black citizens during the Civil RIghts era in the United States. Moreover, the premise of the speech is that both sides of the discussion must accept change in a non-violent yet effective way. He spoke about the injustices of segregation and discrimination of black citizens that was occurring in our nation. As he opened, “I am happy to join with you today in what will go down in history as the greatest demonstration for freedom in the history of our nation,” he explained what he was there to do for all citizens. He is
Given Mary's lineage and religion, she became the focus of Catholic plots to assassinate Elizabeth so that Mary could take the throne. Mary corresponded with Anthony Babington, one such plotter. When Elizabeth's spymaster uncovered the letters in 1586, Mary was brought to trial and found guilty of treason.
Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. was the leader of the civil rights movement in the 1960’s. His speech, entitled “I Have a Dream” was given in front of the Lincoln Memorial on August 28, 1963. Dr. King used his speech as a rally for people, blacks and whites alike, who desired equality and social justice, but there is so much more to it than what appears on the surface. Dr. King employs a number of stylistic techniques, all of which serving a purpose too subtle for the naked eye to pick up. Dr. King uses the stylistic techniques of word choice, metaphors, and repetition to fuel hope and bring about change.
The period immediately following the Protestant reformation and the Catholic counter reformation, was full of conflict and war. The entire continent of Europe and all of it's classes of society were affected by the destruction and flaring tempers of the period. In the Netherlands, the Protestants and the Catholics were at eachother’s throats. In France it was the Guise family versus the Bourbons. In Bohemia, the religious and political structures caused total havoc for over thirty years; and in England, the Presbyterians thought that the English Anglican Church too closely resembled the Roman Catholic Church. Religion was the major cause of the widespread turmoil that took place throughout Europe between 1560 and 1660.
The Rosetta stone was discovered in 1799 that may mean that it has been lost for almost 1400 years.
Concerning why the witch hunts occurred when they did the agreed upon opinion by all three author’s is the social unrest and uncertainty felt due to the Protestant Reformation and the schism it created amongst the populace, the effects of recovering from plague and war, and the enforced patriarchal structure of a society that was changing. It was during the Reformation that Christian...
...pair”. (King, M. L. Jr. (1963, Aug.28) Para 11). In the beginning of his speech he says “five score years ago,” which is in relation to Abraham Lincoln’s Gettysburg Address’s opening, “four score and seven years ago.” (King, M. L. Jr. (1963, Aug.28) Para 2). He also uses the Constitution and the Declaration of Independence as references. He says, “This note was a promise that all men would be guaranteed the inalienable rights of life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness.” (King, M. L. Jr. (1963, Aug.28) Para 4).
In the history of women’s rights, and their leaders, few can compare with the determination and success of Lucy Stone. While many remember Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan B. Anthony for being the most active fighters for women’s rights, perhaps Stone is even more important. The major goal for women in this time period was gaining women’s suffrage. That is what many remember or associate with the convention at Seneca Falls.
The Stonehenge is not shrouded in mystery just because they are huge stones weighing multiple tons in a circular formation, but that nobody truly knows when the formation came to be. Many archaeologists have opposing views on who created this monument, like Edomond Bolton credits it to the Celtic Queen Boudicca, which would make sense by the cremated remains found at the site. One of the most widely accepted ideas though is that the Druids of the time resurrected Stonehenge. Inigo Jones first said that Stonehenge was not the works of the Druids, but John Aubrey contradicted this by saying otherwise (“Stonehenge and the Druids”). Aubrey’s opposing views were recorded in his book “Monumenta Brittanica” where he calls Stonehenge a “Templa Druidum” (“Earth Mysteries: John Aubrey”). Many other people took up Aubrey’s conclusions to the creator of Stonehenge, like William Stukeley, but an...
One of the first to work with the copies made from the stone (the British had taken the stone during their war with the French) w...
He was getting his audience attention and having them feel a certain way of how the African Americans are being handled, treated, and respected. For example, when he kept saying I Have a Dream, the audience could feel the toughness and courage King had in his speech and how strongminded he was of having fairness and equality. Another quote that seems lively was when he kept starting every sentence saying let freedom ring at the end of his speech. King let the audience know that one-day freedom will ring, segregation will end, and equality will come about. As king said both of them phrases in his speech, it had so much emotion involved. I say this because the audience can feel how Martin Luther King was feeling at that time. Using a lot of pathos in his speech made it more meaningful, inspiring and expressive. Bernie Sanders and Martin Luther King tempt to engage their audience 's emotions in their pathetic
The Rosetta Stone was discovered in July 1799 at Rosetta (now el-Rashid) in Egypt (Cracking Codes 20). Pierre Francois Xavier Bouchard, a soldier in Napoleon’s army, discovered the stone while digging the foundations of an addition to a fort (Cracking Codes 20). He recognized the stone as part of a stele, or slab marking government notices or territory (Cracking Codes 20). Bouchard reported the discovery to a French general, Jacques-Francois Menou, who had the stone excavated and cleaned (Cracking Codes 21). News of the discovery spread quickly, but no one was able to immediately decipher the writings (Cracking Codes 21). Upon Napoleon’s defeat, the stone became property of the British under terms of the Treaty of Alexandria in 1801(Cracking Codes 22).