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practical report of gram staining
Gram Staining Quizlet
importance of gram staining in microbiology
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In the late 1800s, Hans Christian Gram developed the gram staining procedure. Gram staining is a valuable diagnostic tool used in the clinical and research world. The gram stain is a method used to determine the identification of unknown bacteria. (BIO215, 2017)
According to Healthline.com, typically when you’re sick, you go to the doctors. If your doctor happens to suspect that you may have an infection, he or she may order to have a culture, and/or a gram stain done to check for bacteria. If it happens to be that you do have a bacterial infection, your doctor can then have a gram stain done on the bacteria to see if the bacteria in your infection are gram negative or gram positive bacteria. A gram stain can be performed on various types
...imary stain and not pick up the counterstain. Other human errors could have affected the results such as not inverting the plate before putting it into incubation would not allow for bacterial growth. Not pipetting the tube up and down to mix the bacteria that settled at the bottom of the tube before starting the Gram Stain would not allow for an accurate reading because there wouldn’t be many bacteria on the slide. Passing the slide over the bunsen burner too many times, hence killing the bacteria and not allowing for a Gram Stain. If this experiment had to be redone, one improvement would be to allow for more that one plate without a point deduction. Unexpected human errors might interfere with person’s results. Having more than one plate will allow for more accuracy in the results or allow for a person to determine were they went wrong during the experiment.
I also inoculated a tryptic soy broth (TSB), a nutrient gelatin deep, a motility agar deep, a fluid thioglycollate medium (FTM) tube, and a TSA plate with my unknown culture. All of these inoculated media were incubated until the next class period (about 48 hours). Then when I came to class most of my inoculated tubes and my streak plate appeared to have growth. The next step I took was making a gram stain to determine the gram reaction and cellular morphology of my unknown. I used my working slant to do this, after careful examination of the gram stain, I learned that my unknown was a gram-positive bacterium. I then preceded by making a negative stain to see the size of the cells of my unknown bacteria. The cell shape was cocci and the cells occurred in clusters of tetrads. After discovering that my unknown bacteria was gram-positive cocci, I turned to page 207 of the lab manual to narrow down my options, there was only four out of the gram-positive list that were
As the solution pH can influence the stability of NaClO-NH3 blend and the elimination of SO2, NOx, the impact of the pH of NaClO-NH3 blend solution on the instantaneous removal as well as the duration time was investigated, and the final pH after reaction was also detected and shown in Fig. 5. It can be seen that the variation of solution pH has a negligible effect on the desulfurization, but the elevated pH has a great promotion on the NOx removal, the efficiencies are significantly increased from 36% to 99% for NO2 in the pH range of 5–12 and from 19% to 65% for NO when the pH is between 5 and 10, after where, both of them are constant. Hence, the optimal pH of the NaClO-NH3 solution for the
Imaging tests. Imaging tests usually aren’t necessary, but in some instances, especially when no evidence of infection is found, They may be helpful. For example, an X-ray or ultrasound may help out other potential causes inflammation, such as a tumor or structure
Many things have impacted both the Science and Medical fields of study. Electrophoresis and DNA Sequencing are two of these things. Together they have simultaneously impacted both of these fields. On one hand, there is Electrophoresis. Electrophoresis is a specific method of separating molecules by their size through the application of an electric field. It causes molecules to migrate at a rate and distance dependent on their size. On the other hand, there is DNA Sequencing. DNA Sequencing is a technique used to determine the exact sequence of bases
Spore Stain: The spore stain is used to determine if the unknown organism produces endospores as way of protecting itself. This stain is useful for detecting bacteria in the genus Bacillus and Clostridia. The endospores are highly resistance to staining a simple stain is not usual in visualizing them. Heat must be used as a mordant to drive in the malachite green stain. The endospore will then appear green. The details of this procedure are listed in Brown, Microbiological Applications p.
Tests show that your blood or saliva contains a higher than normal level of eosinophils, special cells that fight infection.
Everyone has teeth, and society likes them to be as white as possible. But does everyone know the parts of the tooth? The tooth has four parts: dental pulp, dentin, enamel, and cementumcentenum. Dental pulp is the center part of the tooth and is made of tissue and nerves. Dentin is connected to the dental pulp and is the second hardest part of the tooth. Enamel is the hard, outer layer that surrounds the tooth. Enamel cannot be repaired or replaced. One can only prevent its loss, which is why we brush our teeth so often to help eliminate the plaque and acids that certain sodas and other sugary drinks try so hard to remove. Without enamel, teeth would erode within days of their coming in. And last but not least, cementumcentenum. CementumCentenum covers the root of the tooth and it anchors the root to the skin.
Halitosis is the medical term for Bad Breath. When people think of bad breath they automatically think that food is the cause of the bad odor. When in reality there are many factors that can lead up to bad breath. Yes food is one of them but there are other reasons as to why a person may be experiencing bad breath or teeth staining. A person may experience bad breath or teeth staining because they may have a health problem that is causing the odor other factors are smoking and chewing tobacco.
However with septic shock the symptoms may be worse as the patient may experience tachyeordia and tachypnae, leucocytosis which is a high count of white blood cells, change in metal state for example confusion and hyperglycaemia which is a deficiency of glucose in the bloodstream. The diagnosis for sepsis and septic shock involve using blood cultures which is where bacteria is detected in blood which may have spread from a different part of the body. Blood cultures are taken mostly to be done on new-borns and young children who have the symptoms of sepsis. If the blood culture tests positive there is a bacterial or fungal infection which needs to be treated immediately as it is life-threatening. Also cytokines are used as they can destroy the infection however there is a problem with this diagnosis as excessive production can cause tissue and organ
Electrophoresis was first developed in the 1930s by Tiselius. It has since expanded, and new techniques have been developed. The system of gel electrophoresis was developed in the 1950s by Oliver Smithies (Oliver Smithies: Born Inventor). Smithies created a new technique using starch and staining within gel to allow for better protein resolution. This technique was revolutionary because it was relatively inexpensive and easy to use. It provided great clarity of samples. Smithies has won many awards for his work, including the Nobel prize, and his technique is used daily by modern molecular scientists (Oliver Smithies- Biographical).
Phenotypic methods of classifying microorganisms describe the diversity of bacterial species by naming and grouping organisms based on similarities. The differences between Bacteria, Archaea and Eukaryotes are basic. Bacteria can function and reproduce as single cells but often combine into multicellular colonies. Bacteria are also surrounded by a cell wall. Archaea differ from bacteria in their genetics and biochemistry. Their cell membranes are made with different material than bacteria. Just like bacteria, archaea are also single cell and are surrounded by a cell wall. Eukaryotes, unlike bacteria and archaea, contain a nucleus. And like bacteria and archaea, eukaryotes have a cell wall. The Gram stain is a system used to characterize bacteria based on the structural characteristics of their cell walls. A Gram-positive cell will stain purple if cell walls are thick and a Gram-negative cell wall appears pink. Most bacteria can be classified as belonging to one of four groups (Gram-positive cocci, Gram-positive bacilli, Gram-negative cocci, and Gram-negative bacilli) (Phenotypic analysis. (n.d.).
Bacteria can be found in healthy urine, so usually a doctor bases it off symptoms and the lab tests. For the people with reappearing UTIs, and for patients in the hospital, the urine may be seriously infected and civilized. The experiment is resolved by placing part of the urine in a test tube with a certain substance that makes the bacteria multiply, after this process is finished, they can be identified. Another test that can be taken is the sensitivity test, the test tests for sensitivity to different medicines and antibiotics to see which medication is best for treating the persons severe infection. If a person has recurrent UTIs, the doctor may order some extra exams to determine if the person’s urinary tract can get back to being
use of blood stains. Also in this year the Galton-Henry system was officially used by