ABSTRACT: This paper explores the relationship between justice and government, examining views on the subject expressed by traditional political philosophers such as Rousseau and Locke, as well as those expressed by contemporary political theorists such as John Rawls and Robert Nozick. According to Rawls, justice is one of the fundamental concerns of a governing body; Locke and Rousseau agree that government and justice are essentially connected. Nozick and Max Weber, however, claim that the essential characteristic of government is not justice, but power. This paper argues that government, as an institution formed and controlled by human beings, is subject to the moral injunction to treat human beings as entities accorded certain rights, and included among these rights is the right to just treatment. Governments are therefore enjoined to be just because human beings, as rational agents, and therefore persons, are owed the minimal respect due a person, such as the right to freedom and the right to forbearance from harm by others to self and property.
"We hold these truths to be self-evident: that all men and women are created equal: that they are endowed by their Creator with certain inalienable rights;...that to secure these rights governments are instituted...." - Elizabeth Cady Stanton, "Declaration of Sentiments"
Does government have an obligation to act justly? John Rawls cites justice in A Theory of Justice as the "first virtue of social institutions" (1971, p. 3), of which a government is one example. He writes expansively in the beginning of his book on the importance of justice and of its centrality in a "well-ordered" society. Eloquently, Rawls extols the primacy of justice, and asserts that no matter how efficie...
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...stice. (John Ladd, Trans.) New York: Macmillan Publishing Co.
Locke, John. (1947). Two Treatises of Government. New York: Hafner Press.
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Nozick, Robert. (1974). Anarchy, State, and Utopia. New York: Basic Books.
Rawls, John. (1971). A Theory of Justice. Cambridge: Mass.: Belknap Press of Harvard University Press.
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Rousseau, Jean Jacques. (1987). A Discourse on Political Economy. In Robert Maynard Hutchins (Ed. In Chief), Great Books of the Western World. Chicago: Encyclopedia Britannica.
J. William T. Youngs is a professor at Eastern Washington University. He specializations in U.S. History, American Wilderness, Early America, History of Disease, History and New Media, Public History. The thesis of this book is a look into the personal and public life of Eleanor Roosevelt.
Kristy May, the company’s CEO and the individual who will be leading the project, estimates that the probability of implementation is 99% (K. May, personal communication, September 23, 2016). Google Analytics is a free and easily accessible tool (Warner, 2015). Therefore, the only costs associated with the project will be the time required to understand and implement a well designed Analytics Program (Warner, 2015). May believes the opportunity costs associated with her time is well worth the potential payoff for the company (K. May, personal communication, September 23, 2016).
Somerville, John and Ronald E. Santoni. Social and Political Philosophy. New York: Anchor Books, 1963.
Bodie, Zvi, Alex Kane, and Alan J. Marcus. Essentials of Investments. Ninth ed. N.p.: McGraw, 2013.
There is no justice when humans are living in the state of mere nature in “this war of every man against every man...nothing can be unjust. The notions of right and wrong or just and unjust have there no place.”(188) These are the conditions that constitute mere nature. Justice has to battle all of human desire just to begin to establish a foothold in an arena where force and fraud are the supreme virtues.(188) Anything and everything is allowed in mere nature and absolute liberty “without impediment”(189) is used accordingly, as ones own reason dictates. When Human desires and aversions are pursued for only self preservation this puts us in a state of perpetual war with one another on an individual level, each of us doing whatever is necessary to survive. Therefore to establish justice is to first institute laws and government, but before this can be done you have to decide who or what entity has the right to do so? How is this power transferred to them? And at what
A wise woman once wrote, “With the new day come new strengths and new thoughts.” These are some of the wise words from Eleanor Roosevelt. Eleanor lived a rough live, but she believed that things could become better at any moment. She was a kind, helpful, good woman that had a good life through it all. Eleanor Roosevelt was a hero to American History. Inspiring people to follow their dreams, work to be the best of their ability, and also to start a new day with no regrets or worries. She helped many people around her within her lifetime and definitively set a good example for others.
While many of the things she did were inspirational, the real inspiration was how she got to the point in her life that she could do those things. It’s impossible to say what specific event in her life led to Eleanor making a difference in the world. Without the lesson about unconditionally loving someone from her father, the lesson of the importance of being independent and confident, and learning the importance of relationships both personal and professional she would not have been able to achieve the things she did. The most significant impact that Eleanor Roosevelt had on the world was the way she showed that no matter what, people can change the world. It could be anything from strengthening relationships, finding the truth about yourself, or fighting for the fundamental and unalienable rights that all humans
Rousseau, J. (1997). The Social Contract and other Political Writings. Edited and translated by Victor Gourevitch. Cambridge University Press.
Eleanor Roosevelt , although initially criticized, became one of America’s most beloved figures. Through hard work, she slowly gained the respect of her peers and changed people’s idea of a First Lady. She “broke precedent to hold press conferences, travel to all parts of the country, give lectures and radio broadcasts, and express her opinions candidly in a daily syndicated newspaper column, ‘My Day’ ” (“ Anna Eleanor Roosevelt” White House). America would be lucky to have another First Lady who was as active as Eleanor.
In days of old, kings created laws in order to keep peace. Most of the laws were set for selfish reasons. As history progressed people felt that they were being ruled unfairly. So should laws even exist if there will always be someone who is receiving the “short end of the stick”? Is it not the purpose, of laws and rights, to help people live in a safe environment? This is the main purpose of laws; to keep order. The governments that we have today have so many laws because they keep trying to solve problems by creating more and more laws. There are even laws for creating laws. However, although they are supposed to be in the best interest of the people, laws limit their free will. Laws tell a person what they can or cannot do. Unfortunately, they are still essential because they keep most citizens safe. So therefore, set laws, although essential, limit the free will of people no matter how sophisticated or organized they are. To support this, the theories and opinions of John Locke, Hobbes, Voltaire, and Plato will be presented. The first three of these philosophers lived at approximately the same time period and all support the essentiality of laws, although they limit free will. Plato lived much earlier but still has his own views on government and how it should be run. This paper will use their theories o...
Pollock, J. M., & Davis, S. M. (2005). The Continuing Myth of the Violent Female
Companies have transformed technology from a supporting tool into a strategic weapon.”(Davenport, 2006) In business research, technology has become an essential means that many organizations use in their daily operations. According to the article, Analytics is a major technological tool used. It is described as “the extensive use of data, statistical and quantitative analysis, explanatory and predictive models, and fact-based management to drive decisions and actions."(Davenport, 2006) Data is compiled to enhance business practices. When samples are taken, they are used to examine research and understand how to solve problems or why situations are as they are. Furthermore, in this article, Thomas Davenport discusses analytics from a business standpoint. He refers to organizations that have been successful in their usage of data and statistical analysis. In addition, he also discusses how data and statistics can be vital in the efforts to improve the operations of businesses.
Karl Marx, the preface to the second edition, “The Eighteenth Brumaire of Louis Bonaparte,” written December 1851-1852, translated by Saul K. Padover, proofed by Alek Blain, 2006.
William Sharpe, Gordon J. Alexander, Jeffrey W Bailey. Investments. Prentice Hall; 6 edition, October 20, 1998
Now days, companies are searching for new ways of gathering data so that they can get useful data in order to make well informed decisions regarding the market they are operating in. Google analytics is considered one of the best tools offers extensive amount of data to business owners for free. However, the success of business is highly depended on how well they can arrange data and customize their collected data corresponded to their business priorities. Google analytics provides beneficial information for companies regardless of their extent of operation.