Gonorrhea Gonorrhea is a sexually transmitted disease (STD) that can infect both men and women and it can cause infections in the genitals, rectum, and throat (CDC, 2014). It is a very common infection, especially among young people between the ages of 15-24 (CDC, 2014). Gonorrhea can cause very serious complications when not treated, but can be cured with the right medication (CDC, 2014). Women with gonorrhea usually do not have symptoms and even if a woman develops symptoms, they are often mild and can be mistaken for a bladder or vaginal infection (CDC, 2014). Women who have gonorrhea are at risk of developing serious complications from the infection, even if they do not have symptoms (CDC, 2014). Men may also show no symptoms even if …show more content…
Morbidity and Mortality will increase due to the loss of readily available treatment options (WHO, 2012). The Global Action Plan is supposed to enhance diagnosis, control of infection, and prevention of the infection (WHO, 2012). The objective of this plan is to control/minimize the impact and the spread of this antimicrobial resistance infection by “providing a strategic framework to guide clinical, laboratory, and health actions aimed at minimizing the impact of gonorrhea” (WHO, 2012, p 10). Another objective is to provide recommendations for coordinating advocacy, communication, and partnership efforts at national, regional, and international levels to help support the global response (WHO, 2012). The public health should increase awareness on the correct use of antibiotics among the health care workers and the consumer and it is needed in certain populations which include MSM and sex workers (WHO, 2012). Effective prevention includes using prevention messages/interventions and recommending adequate diagnosis and appropriate treatment regimens (WHO, 2012). Systematic monitoring of treatment failures by developing a definition of treatment failure, protocols for verification, and reporting/management of treatment failure can help make a difference in the continuing problem (WHO, 2012). Strengthening surveillance in countries with a high amount of infections and having effective drug regulations/prescription policies help prevent the emergence and spread of the infection (WHO, 2102). Appropriate treatment methods should be available to those who are allergic to the recommended first-line treatment and to women who are pregnant that need the non-teratogenic medication (WHO, 2012). Resistant gonorrhea is going to continue spreading and affect increasing numbers of communities (WHO,
Gardnerella vaginalis started a controversy due to different interpretations of its clinical significance, taxonomic position, and Gram stain reaction. The organism was first named Haemophilus vaginalis. However, it lacked some of the characteristics the Haemophilus species required. It was then referred to as Corynebacterium vaginale. It was later changed to Gardnerella vaginalis when a new genus was necessary (Catlin, 1992). This paper will focus on the characteristics of G. vaginalis and how it is identified.
Gynaecological surgery refers to surgery performed on the female reproductive system For the purpose of this essay, I am going to discuss the role of the midwife in the care and management of a woman who has undergone a hysterectomy. Hysterectomy is the surgical removal of the uterus (Oxford Dictionary of Nursing, 2014). It is major gynaecological surgery and the immediate post operative period is a very important time for recovery. As with every surgery, there are the associated risks attached. According to O'Connor et al, 2004, there is a 2% risk of infection, haemorrhage 0.5% and mortality 6-11 per 1000 regardless of which surgical method is used for the hysterectomy. Therefore, I am going to use relevant literature and guidelines to discuss
According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2013), MRSA is easily transmitted from person to person or from touching materials or surfaces that had previous contact with the infection. Using the implementation of infection control along with patient education will help in the decrease of the spread and help in the prevention in MRSA as well as get patients involved in their own care. The purpose of this paper is to present the problem of MRSA as well as include the rationale and history, review the proposed solution, integrate an implementation plan, summarize the literature review, establish an implementation plan, use a nursing theory to support the implementation plan, use a change theory to support the implementation plan, discuss how the project will be evaluated, and create a dissemination
Gonorrhea Gonorrhea is a curable, bacterial, sexually transmitted disease caused by a bacterium called Neisseria gonorrhoeae (a member of the family Neisseriaceae). Bacteria are introduced during sexual contact. These bacteria can infect the genital tract, the mouth, and the rectum. It attacks the urethra in males, the cervix in females, and the throat. The majority of the organisms belonging to this family are non-pathogenic or commensals, however, gonorrhea is always pathogenic.
“And this disease of which I speak, this syphilis too will pass away and die out, but later it will be born again and be seen again by our grandchildren just as in bygone ages we must believe it was observed by our ancestors.” – Fracastoro, 1538 1
Nurses should take a leading role in reducing the impact of disease on patients and influence the expansion of evidence based infection prevention practice. Antimicrobial resistance prevention must remain a huge priority. In times of opposing priorities concerning patient safety, progress has been made in undertaking these bacteria’s and infections. The outlook of a near future without helpful antibiotics should not be dismissed, and all us in positions of influence should encourage and educate the conscientious use of antimicrobials seriously and do what we can to stop the situation from spreading.
Weston, Debbie. Infection Prevention and Control: Theory and Clinical Practice for Healthcare Professionals. Chichester, England: John Wiley & Sons, 2008. Print.
Another research development was actually being able to test people to see if they have an STI. STI’s can be tested for in a couple of ways; physical exam and blood sample. With a physical exam, a health care provider may look at one’s genitals and/or one’s anus for any signs of an infection, such as a rash, discharge, sores, or warts. For a blood sample test a doctor may take a blood sample. Another test can be conducted by taking a urine sample. The patient may be asked to urinate into a cup and have that tested. Discharge, tissue, cell, or saliva samples can also test for STI’s. A health care provider will use a swab to collect samples that will be looked at under a microscope.
...ished the danger factors of scamming through dating in the romance department as well as the security and privacy section.
Patient education is of paramount importance if MRSA is to be reduced to its lowest minimum. According to Noble 2009, patient’s education stands a critical component of managing MRSA therefore; nurses are expected to be prompt in educating patients on specific measures in limiting and reducing the spread of MRSA by person to person contact. (Noble, 2009) The specific measures includes definition of MRSA, mode of transmission, the damage it can do to the body, specific treatments available and the process of treatment. This is to help the patient take part in the care. Noble 2009 explains that during care giving nurses and all other healthcare provider involve in giving care to a patient should communicate to patient all the precaution that will prevent the transmission of MRSA, and also giving the scientific rationale for the use of any precaution that is been used in the cause of care giving. (Noble, 2009.)
“The World Health Organization projects that as drug effectiveness decreases and antibiotic resistance increases, public education becomes more and more crucial” (476) Antibiotics were discovered in 1940 and since have been abused and misused. Between bad practices and lack of proper education antibiotic resistance has been allowed to occur. The only way to combat bacterial infections is with strong patient education and following the correct schedule in taking antibiotics.
Since antibiotics, such as penicillin, became widely available in the 1940s, they have been called miracle drugs. They have been able to eliminate bacteria without significantly harming the other cells of the host. Now with each passing year, bacteria that are immune to antibiotics have become more and more common. This turn of events presents us with an alarming problem. Strains of bacteria that are resistant to all prescribed antibiotics are beginning to appear. As a result, diseases such as tuberculosis and penicillin-resistant gonorrhea are reemerging on a worldwide scale (1).
Luckily however, South Africa has the most active surveillance of antibiotic resistance of any other African country (SAMJ, 2011), so this country has a strong fighting-chance in stopping ‘the rise of the Superbug’. The South African government must take drastic measures in promoting effective antibiotic use as we cannot revert to a Pre-WW2 scenario of non-effective antibiotics!
Sexually Transmitted Diseases Sexually Transmitted Diseases STDs, a.k.a venereal diseases, infectious diseases passed from one person to another during sexual contact. STDs are the most common infections known. More than 12 million people in the United States, including 3 million teenagers, are infected with STDs every year. The United States has the highest STD rate in the world about one in ten Americans will contract an STD during his or her lifetime. People who do not know they are infected risk infecting their sexual partners and, in some cases, their unborn children. If left untreated, these diseases may cause pain or may destroy a woman's ability to have children. Some STDs can be cured with a single dose of antibiotics, but AIDS cannot be cured. Those most at risk for contracting STDs are people who have unprotected sex—without using a condom, people who have multiple partners, and people whose sex partners are drug users who share needles. Static’s show that Americans between the ages of 16 and 24 are most likely of catching STDs than older adults, because younger people usually have multiple sexual partners than an older person in a long-term relationship. Teenagers may be embarrassed to tell their sexual partners they are infected Teenagers may also be embarrassed or unable to seek medical attention for STDs. This means that they only more likely to pass the disease to other young people and have a greater risk of suffering the long-term consequences of untreated STDs. STDs are transmitted by infectious bacteria, viruses, parasites, fungi, and single-celled organisms called protozoa that live in warm, moist parts of the body, like the genital area, mouth, and throat. Most STDs are spread while having sex, but oral sex can also spread disease. Some STDs are passed from a mother to her child while pregnant, when the disease enters the baby's bloodstream, during childbirth as the baby passes through the birth canal, or after birth, when the baby drinks infected breast milk. AIDS can be transmitted by blood contact such as open wounds, between people who share infected needles or received through an injection of infected blood. Some people believe that STDs can be transmitted through shaking hands or other casual contact, or through contact with inanimate objects such as clothing or toilet seats, but they can’t. Chlamydeous, is from trachoma is bacterium, is the most commonly transmitted STD in the United States.
...allergic to penicillin3. All individuals with a positive laboratory result for Syphilis and the sexual partners of those infected are treated3. Safe sex education, increasing public awareness and partner tracking of the infected individuals are being implemented to reduce the occurrence of Syphilis. A patient with syphilis should be taught to avoid sexual contact until they have finished their antibiotic therapy to prevent transmitting the infection to others 4. Patients should also be taught the importance of notifying all recent previous sexual partners so that they can be tested and be treated if necessary4. It may be embarrassing for infected individual, but the health care provider needs to stress the importance of disclosing the information to their sexual partners. All cases of syphilis cases need to be reported to the public health authorities4.