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Aspects to the relationship between economic growth and development
Relationship between economic growth and social development
Concept of development as economic growth
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Development is the process of economic growth and human growth of a nation as a whole with emphasis not just on economic growth which is the increase in labor or economic output and capital acquisition, but emphasis on the standard of living of the people, the gap between the poor and the rich, the prevalence of poverty, access to good education, access to good health care. But how this growth and development is achieved, accelerated or slowed down is large due to complex factors playing key role in different situation with globalization playing a crucial part of it. “Recent debates about globalization have led to a renaissance of interest in the reasons for disparities in wealth among the world's societies from a historical perspective.”(Globalization.org, 2015)
These sets of questions came to mind when reflecting on development and globalization:
1. When truly can we say a country is developed? Is been developed a static benchmark a country reach in which it can no long expand it economic growth and human standard?
2. How did
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The Culture factor. Unlike the developed country with independently formed cultures of their own, that fostered unary focus and goal for their nation toward development, African nations and other colonized region around the world are suffering from a cultural or religion crisis, much as a result of the ideologies and religion imposed by colonizing countries and the diversity of cultures in Africa. The struggle between ancestral culture/religion and borrowed culture/religion as brought about much disagreement in a nation obscuring the greater benefit of united minded will produce towards development.
3. Property Right. The idea of boosting development by acquiring loans with land and properties as collateral is a dangerous short-term approach to development, which may worsen the economic situation, if not properly handled might lead to people losing their homes, which is one of the main necessity for a good standard of
Globalization is a series of social, economical, technological, cultural, and political changes that promote interdependence and growth. Globalization raises the standard of living in developing countries, spreads technological knowledge, and increases political liberation. (Harris 5-23) The main cause of globalization is influence from other, more developed, countries. Globalization is a historical process that results from human innovation and technological progress. The social effects of globalization are clearly illustrated in Peru. Once a third-world country filled with poverty and oppression, Peru is now transitioning into a developed nation. In Peru, globalization has raised the human development index, empowered women, and created a stronger country. (Leon 90-91)
There have been over a hundred different cultures that have occurred within Africa, and every one of them has transferred into this current time. This paper will discuss what culture is, the cultural competence and how the cultural norms and viewpoints affect Africa’s peoples, their actions and attitudes towards the outside world, as well as each other? Another question I will discuss is how has the culture changes in light of outside influences? Also what type of effect has globalization on culture in Africa had on the people in Africa?
Culture plays a crucial role in social development; it is the basis of the potential of intellectual growth of regions and the building of consciousness and openness spirit of people. The culture is a basis for the realization of many educational functions, allowing to activate the different layers of society. Most Western have developed their society based on values cultural and knowledge. They used their culture has the center of gravity, a foundation. So why alienate Africans of their culture if the reason for colonization where to push them towards a greater
Just imagine waking up in squalor, a once prominent society, now a desolate wasteland. All because foreign interest has raped your land of its natural resources and you seen not a cent in profit. Although, globalization is unifying the worlds developed nations and is bringing commerce to nations that have struggle in past years. True, globalization has many positive effects but do the pros outweigh the cons. In this essay I will discuss Globalization ruining the integrity of many countries and also is forcing many undeveloped nations into a bind, and is causing economic distress on some developed nations. Also, due to economic globalization the nations of the world are diluting their culture, sovereignty, natural resources, safety and political system. My goal is not to change your way of thought, but only to enlighten you of the negatives of global economic expansion.
Globalization is a new concept that was introduced to the world after the fall of the communist regime. Globalization has to its identity social, economic, and political reforms, .however the globalization that we are about to discuss is the term that combines the past socio-economic and political reforms and cross with them to the world where their are no boundaries, restrictions, and immobilization what Mittelman describes as ? cross-border flows of capital, knowledge, and consumer goods ? (Mittelman 1). For the world to become a one or a single entity it has to pass through a process of economic, and technological integration. The consequence of this unification is the aim of this research, positive and negative, although the negative aspects will be the dominating part.
Improvements in communication, information, transportation and trading technology have chained nations together into interconnected and interdependent communities through the process of globalization. These days, governments and international organizations have increasingly focused their attention on the impact of globalization on poverty. Many economists have argued that globalization has helped advance the wellbeing of the poor and that the positive relationship formed between globalization and poverty through trades and Foreign Direct Investment will lead to growth and development in nations. The assumption is that globalization, through international trade and investment flows, will lead to a speedy economic growth, better living standards, more innovations, advance technologies and new opportunities, thus increasing the chances of eradicating poverty.
When looking through the topic of development, two drastically different ways to assess it arise. The majority of the western world looks at development in terms of per capita GNP. This means each country is evaluated on a level playing field, comparing the production of each country in economic value. Opposite this style of evaluation is that of the alternative view, which measures a country’s development on its ability to fulfill basic material and non-material needs. Cultural ties are strong in this case as most of the population does not produce for wealth but merely survival and tradition.
Colonialism was a concept of superiority of one territory over another; it was a concept that originated centuries ago. Colonialism had been put into action throughout a long line of history and did not end after World War II in 1945. Even with resistance and efforts from independent states after the war, colonialism did not disappear and continued as a dominant system. It remained and changed its form, resulted in the process of globalization, which continued to control over newly independent states following World War II. Globalization, a form of colonialism, maintained power for the system over states or regions through economic terms with the development of the World Bank, and its derivation of structural adjustments. This financial institution was formed and contributed to colonialism; it assisted in the economic affairs of colonized nation(s). Along with class, professor Manfred B. Steger's book, Globalization: A Very Short Introduction, and I.B. Logan and Kidane Mengisteab's article, "IMF – World Bank Adjustment and Structural Transformation in Sub-Saharan Africa," discussed the indirect rule of colonial powers through globalization.
In this essay the role of culture will be expounded and the resulting influence on perceptions in the African context, briefly discussed.
Globalization, love it or hate it, but you can’t escape it. Globalization may be regarded as beneficial from an economic and business point of view, but however cannot be perceived the ditto when examined from the social sciences and humanities side of it. Globalization can be argued as a tool for economic growth, advancement and prosperity through co-operation between the developed and developing countries. The pro-globalization critics argue that the benefits that globalization brings to developing nations surpasses or outcasts the negative impacts caused by globalization and may even go a step further to state that it is the only source of hope for developing nations to prosper and stand out. However, the real question to be asked is as to what extent are the positives argued upon without taking into account the negative aspects of globalization towards developing countries. Moreover, how many developing countries out of many are exactly benefiting or even prospering from globalization is another question to consider. Therefore, my paper will dispute that indeed growth and advancement provided by globalization to developing countries is beneficial in short-term, but in the long-run, it will only bring upon negative impacts and challenges due to the obstacles involved such as exploitation of labour and resources, higher increase in poverty, and effects of multi-national corporations on local businesses and the economy, and to an extent the effects on the developing country itself.
Globalization is a term that is difficult to define, as it covers many broad topics in the global arena. However, it can typically be attributed to the advancement of economic, social, and cultural interactions among the companies, citizens, organizations, and governments of nations; globalization also focuses on the interactions and integration of countries (The Levin Institute 2012). Many in the Western world promote globalization as a positive concept that allows growth and participation in a global community. Conversely, the negative aspects rarely receive the same level of attention. Globalization appears to be advantageous for the privileged few, but the benefits are unevenly distributed. For example, the three richest people in the world possess assets that exceed the Gross National Product of all of the least developed countries and their 600 million citizens combined (Shawki and D’Amato 2000). Although globalization can provide positive results to some, it can also be a high price to pay for others. Furthermore, for all of those who profit or advance from the actions related to globalization, there are countless others who endure severe adverse effects.
Globalization is defined as “the process by which the experience of everyday life, marked by the diffusion of commodities and ideas, is becoming standardized around the world,” and as “a process fueled by, and resulting in, increasing cross-border flows of goods, services, money, people, information, and culture.” Presently, globalization has been transpiring at a rather rapid rate. While this increased rate of globalization is a recent phenomenon, globalization has been happening long before the 1980s when its name first widely became used. Since this recent acceleration of globalization people have become fascinated with the process, and consequently there have been many people who believe that globalization can be stopped. Though they may bring up some relevant points, these people ultimately fail to see that globalization has been happening since at least the Age of Exploration (15th - 17th centuries). Moreover, these people fail to see globalization as what it truly is, a process of change. Though the rapid rate at which this change is currently happening is bound to slow down over time, globalization itself cannot be stopped at this point.
Globalization is a historical phenomenon that has been happening for decades now, and whether it generates growth or not is a matter of whose point of view it is. The western countries, especially America and some European nations, are the ones taking full advantage of the benefits of globalization. On the other hand, some experts say that globalization is not doing much for the developing countries, or that it may be even worsening their scenarios of poverty and social inequality. But, I will get back to that later . The point is that globalization, while it was primarily triggered by the emergence of a global market and facilitated by the democratization of communication technologies, also caused cultural, social and even political changes.
There are fundamental challenges related to development in every era of human history. From the historical focus on expansion of imperial power and colonial rule in order to attain supplies of raw material and cheap labour, often in the form of slavery; to the gradual emergence of social progression in the form of concepts such as social justice, democracy, and equity during the post-world-war period. Earlier developmental approaches were centered on raising living-standards by promoting increase in productivity to provide goods and services to a growing population. As Jonathan Harris pointed out, many international institutions such as the International Monetary Fund, the World Bank, and the United Nations were set up to achieve this goal.5
Globalization is the increasing interconnectedness of people, places, and cultures throughout the world today. The effects of this homogenizing process that we call globalization can be seen in all aspects of life. From McDonalds being in almost every country, to the majority of North American clothes being made in periphery countries, to the technological ability that allows us to instantly communicate with people anywhere in the world, the effects are everywhere. Economically today, globalization has had both positive and negative effects around the world, with many similarities to colonization. Globalization has also led to increased poverty amongst the global periphery, and a specific group of winners and losers within this process of globalization.