Global Positioning System (GPS) is a new technology that uses the help of satellite data to measure the geographical information such as latitudes and longitudes and the velocity of the vehicle and helps to traverse the vehicle .The main idea is to program the GPS likewise that it can handle the navigation system without any human interventions. The GPS hardware consist of GPS receiver, Intertial measurement unit (IMU) compass and a computer for data processing. The main objective of the research is to enable an automated driving operation during the navigation of the vehicle without the help of the driver (i.e) the vehicle operated without the driver. The efficiency of autonomous navigation is only driven with the help of an interactive hardware and software that contributes in planning a better route and path prediction and during dynamic environments playing a role of man thereby improving the fuel efficiency and human comfort. The GPS based autonomous navigation receives the signal form the GPS satellites with the help of the receiver that calculates the position on the earth and executes in the navigation algorithm in order to produce the parameters such as direction and distance. A compass is used to specify the travel direction whereas the distance is determined by the velocity. The odometers with wheel encoders are the best example for this type of navigation system. Its methodology is, the velocity is measured with the dimension of the wheel and the time between the encoding pulse .The odometer systems requires frequent updating of its current position as it suffers errors. This type of system can be integrated with GPS for better performance.
GPS autonomous navigation system is an emerging technology for the present gen...
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6. Write and read data logger system: The parallax memory which allows to connect on USB mass storage. This device stores current longitudes and latitudes. They also read and write from the microcontroller.
Conclusion:
All the above research has been made and the objectives are achieved for the development of autonomous-GPS system embedded with compass, processor and data logger. The application has worked in the real-time environment with the collection of data using the satellite data received and the navigation of the car without a human interventions and the co-ordinates have been stored successfully into the data logger. The car steers into the data stored in the data logger through the waypoints with the help of compass. The LCD is used to display the latitudes and longitudes which displays the current data in the screen for the viewer to be viewed.
14. George A. Chidi Jr., Qualcomm turns Cell Phones into GPS Systems. 16 Jan 2002. < http://www.pcworld.com/news/article/0,aid,80085,00.asp>
The Location class[4] is a data class that represents a geographic location. It can consist of a longitude, latitude, timestamp, bearing, altitude, and velocity. The LocationManager[5] class provides access to the system location services. These services allow applications to obtain periodic updates of the device's geographical location. LocationListener[6] is an interface Used for receiving notifications from the LocationManager when the location has changed. These methods are called if the LocationListener has been registered with the location manager service using the requestLocationUpdates(String provider, long minTime, float minDistance, LocationListener listener) method. The provider parameter is the name of the provider with which to register. There are two different providers offered, the GPS or network provider. In my application I use the GPS provider which determines the location using satellites. The minTime is minimum time interval between location updates, in milliseconds, the minDistance is the minimum distance between location updates in meters, and the listener parameter is the LocationListener whose onLocationChanged(Location) method will be called for each location
The term autonomous refers to the capability of acting independently, or having the freedom to do so. A self-driving car is an autonomous car, which has the ability to sense its environment and navigating without any human operations. These types of cars are built to make safe and smart decisions on the road. In the past years, automobile companies have begun to introduce advanced driver assistance systems that are capable of parking, switching lanes, and braking in case of an emergency on their own, without the driver’s assistance. Automated vehicles are capable of maneuvering through street traffic, as well as other natural and man-made obstacles along the way. Therefore, this technology might completely change the methods of transportation.
To tell where the car is, the car uses positional information from the GPS and the Internal Navigation system to restrict itself to a particular place, meaning is gets a baseline reading of where the car is in the world using GPS like your phone would. Then the car reads the information from the sensors to refine its position. After that, the car then gathers all of that information and creates a digital image of the environment around the car. This image includes all still and moving objects in its vicinity. This could range from buildings, traffic lights, stop signs, other cars, cyclists, and pedestrians. Also, the blinker of the other cars in its range. All of the map making is handled by the control system, along with many other tasks. The control system is computer in the car that is able to make all of the intelligent decisions like where to turn, to stop if there is a car in front of it or if it's at a stoplight and the light is red, it will stop on the line. This computer must know everything that is around that car and also everything that is going on around that car. For example, a car pulled up to a stop sign next to a self-driving car. The computer in the self-driving car must be able to see the car pulling up and it must know when it stopped. It must also know how far away the car is to the side of it. Self-driving cars also has a model to
NavLab 5 was equipped with a portable computer, a windshield-mounted camera, a GPS receiver, and other supplementary equipment. The longest drive without human intervention was almost 70 miles. This was a great accomplishment, and showed that sometime soon these cars could be fit for the roadways across America. A similar trip was done by the University Of Parma’s VISLAB in 2010 drove 16,000 kilometers through nine countries in 100 days. They hit a bit of a roadblock in Russia where the car was involved in an accident, but it was caused by human error.
The invention of the GPS started with Dr. Ivan Getting leaving his position at Raytheon Company, and armed with the knowledge of what was at the time the most advanced navigational technology in the world, they began developing the Global Positioning System. He, Roger L. Easton, and Bradford Parkison began in the 60’s with a constellation of 24 satellites (placed in six orbital planes) orbiting the earth at a very high altitude (about
The world history does not always go in the same route. Change in the balance of power all around the world and existence of big events such as the foundation of press are effective in the conversion of the way it goes. With the effect of these rotations, systems are also changing. The world system between 600 and 1500 is not same with the system after 1500. This differentiation in system at that time was related to the exploration of America. After the big geographical explorations, a new Euro-centric world system emerged.
In 2010, Google broadcasted that they created an archetype of a car that can drive itself; its purpose, to avert collisions, allow citizens more time, and cut down on harmful pollutants that vehicles produce (Poczter & Jankovic, 2014). The heart of the self-driving automobile is lasers that are mounted on the roof of a modified Toyota Prius that produces a precise three-dimensional atlas of the area surrounding the car. Furthermore, the automobile is outfitted with four radars, and another laser around the vehicle that allows it to precisely create a 3-D map of its surroundings (Poczter & Jankovic, 2014). The vehicle calculates the laser dimensions with high-resolution maps of the globe, which allows it to drive itself without human intervention, while evading obstacles and obeying traffic laws (How Google’s self-Driving Car Works, 2011).
As mentioned before, GPS’s are the best and most popular navigation system, but GPS has their negatives as well, it works with signal sent from the device to a satellite and then send it back to the device; therefore, without signal the GPS are useless, it won’t give directions, and this could happen in valleys, mountains or other places where satellite signal is blocked. As mention before the GPS is a rapid growth technology, which provides excellent and accurate positional tracking and can be used for other many things. It is amazing how quickly these technologies
As applications of geospatial technologies continuously break the disciplinary barrier, the need for books on these technologies to reach diverse audiences is greater than ever. The challenge, however, is to write a book on this complicated subject that incorporates the knowledge of multiple disciplines and makes it valuable for those who may or may not have diverse educational backgrounds, but require using these technologies. Most books on geospatial technologies target a specific audience. Contrary to this, Geographical Information Science tries to target three different audiences (users, students, and engineers) by using formats and languages comfortable to them. While this effort is laudable, maintaining the balance and attractiveness to all the three audiences is challenging. The author, Narayan Panigrahi, has accomplished this balancing act but with mixed outcomes. His computer science background is clearly seen in the structure and contents of the chapters.
The following flowchart shows the data relation and algotithm for estimate the position of user. The first step for GPS positioning is using the position of satellite and pseudorange from GPS receiver data to estimate the position of user. The simulation results for GPS satellite position are shown in T...
Technology is evolving faster than ever these days, however there is one technology that could revolutionize the transportation industry. This technology is called autonomous cars, also known as self-driving cars. Autonomous cars can be defined as a vehicle that is capable of sensing its environment, and navigating without human input. Using different techniques such as GPS and radar, autonomous cars can detect surroundings, thus removing the human element in driving. This would have a positive effect in more ways than we could ever imagine. Research suggests that self-driving cars will become more abundant in the future because they will be more cost-effective, enhance safety, and decrease traffic congestion.
There was a time a person would use a roadmap to get from one location to another. Some also would stop and ask for directions. Today, you seldom see paper maps and people stopping at a local gas station for directions. Many vehicles come with a navigation system that provides a real-time map of the vehicle’s current location as well as systematic directions to requested destination.
In simple terms, it's just a storage located remotely which you can access anywhere. It's like storing your files online and accessing it anywhere while using your laptop, mobile device or another PC.
GPS is a system of satellites radio-transmitters that orbit the planet in great numbers; their purpose is to be able to pinpoint the exact location of an individual or any type of vessel that is equipped with a receiver transmitter within a very small radius. GPS navigation has had a great impact upon society in general as well and its commercial and military applications. Global Positioning is made available at no cost to anyone who has a GPS receiver unit anywhere on the planet. A GPS unit is able to give the user longitude/latitude information as well as, altitude, traveling speed, distance traveled, distance remaining and time in any type of weather conditions imaginable.