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effect of climate change on the environment
effect of climate change on the environment
environmental effects of global warming
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Global Climate Change Technology and Carbon-Cycle Projection Models
Introduction
“Global climate change” is the hippest buzz phrase for radical environmentalists, dutiful scientists, industry heads, and policy-makers alike. Philosophically, it is proof that the environment is humanity’s connective tissue; whether your life’s work is spent tilling a field, manufacturing steel, or conducting conference calls, global climate change affects you. The gravity of this human-environment issue is highlighted in the headlines of the EPA’s “Science and Policy News”: “Researchers See ‘No Doubt’ of Human Influence on Climate,” “Climate Change May Be Greater Threat to Biodiversity than Habitat Loss,” “Largest Arctic Ice Shelf Breaks Up” (http://yosemite.epa.gov/oar/globalwarming.nsf/content/NewsandEventsScienceandPolicyNews.html). To ensure the further sustainable progress of humanity, it is critical that we work to understand our relationship to climate and its changes.
This paper is an assessment of the current work being done to foster that understanding. Specifically, it evaluates global climate change modeling technology, especially the carbon-cycle models imperative for emissions-reduction policy.
Climate Science
Driven by interactions between the atmosphere, the sea, and life on land, climate is the “average weather” of Earth (http://www.met-office.gov.uk/research/hadleycentre/models/climate_system.html). The climate system is the sum of the gas, heat, and momentum exchanges that take place between all the components of climate: the atmosphere, the biosphere, the cryosphere (icy earth surfaces), and the land surface. Global climate determines the Earth’s weather; tropical storms, drought, and other large-scale weather events can have catastrophic effects on human communities. Global climate determines Earth’s seasons; crop growing seasons ebb and flow with annual rain and sun variations. Global climate determines the terrestrial and oceanic composition of Earth; should average global temperature rise enough, ice caps and glaciers melt, increasing sea levels on coastal zone where millions of people live. In short, the global climate system influences the most basic processes we depend on for survival.
A bare-bones definition of climate change refers to variations in climate within different time scales, or to a change in the long-term weather patterns on the planet. However, the broader connotations of the term are critically important to an understanding of climate technology and its applications. Though climate change can be caused by fluctuations in Earth’s cycles and temperature due to “natural” flux in solar radiation, seasonality, or atmospheric concentration (as happens after a volcanic eruption), the term increasingly implies changes in global temperature with significant economic, social, and environmental ramifications (http://nsidc.
Global Warming, much of what does or does not happen forty years from now, rests on our actions or inactions taken between now and then. The crucial question is whether we should pour all our resources into mitigation – reducing our carbon emissions. According to scientists who study the climate, there are other environmental problems; “we now face a global crisis in land use and agriculture that could undermine the health, security, and sustainability of our civilization”. Rather than worry too much about emissions, we should accept the world is going to get warmer anyway and adapt to global warming by building better flood defenses and developing drought-resistant crops. We cannot dispute that automobiles, factories, and power plants, displace an unprecedented twenty tons of carbon monoxide per person per year.
In conclusion, it is imperative to observe that not many people could have foreseen the outcomes of the war. In fact, for many people who actually lived during the time that this war took place; the civil war to them was a thing that would just happen and end after a short while. The northerners on the other hand did not expect that the south would chose to put up a very spirited defense and the people from the south knew exactly the weaknesses of the northerners that they really felt they could face Washington and coerce the authorities to identify the confederacy. Sadly, both warring sides had an impractical outlook into the war which turned out to take a very long time that any of the factions had wanted it to last.
First, the South couldn’t have won the civil war because state’s rights prevented unification of the South. The very issue that created the Confederacy helped to destroy it. In waging war, the South faced problems of politics and government that greatly complicated its problem of economic mobilization. No one would deny the troublesome effect of the conflict generated by differing ideas of how best to protect liberty and to organize southern society for the war effort. Southern people insisted upon retaining their democratic liberties in wartime, which proved fatal for the South. They had to struggle with a “confederacy formed by particularistic politicians [that] could hardly be expected to adopt promptly those centralists polices which victory demanded” (Donald, p. 26). Individual state governors fought bitterly with Jefferson Davis to prevent him from consolidating power to fight the war. They withheld troops and supplies while the Confederate Congress spent its time arguing over the rights of the states instead of prosecuting a war of national survival. Many internal conflicts within the South were acquiring and weakening the South’s unity. Internal conflicts caused confederate officials to choose between moving troops from the coasts and strengthening their armies, or leaving the...
Einstein’s Special Theory of Relativity has had a colossal impact on the world and is the accepted physical theory reg...
The Medieval Times for Europe, from the 400 AD till 1400 AD, are often labeled as “The Dark Ages”. This time period has begun after a turning point known as Fall of Rome. It caused Rome to divide into two well-known civilizations: Medieval Europe, Islam, and The Byzantine Empire. Also, Medieval Europe led to a well known utopian period of “rebirth” identified as the Renaissance. The time period between 400 CE and 1400 CE wasn’t a “Dark Age” for Europe because of progress in academic success, blossom in architecture, and religious unity along with government. It wasn’t a cultural decay or decline because of the legendary time period it led to.
Compared to the North’s strategies the South had weak ideas because the South main plan was to keep a defensive front and for most of the war the south strategies was simply to prevent the North from gaining territory and the hope to break the Union 's will to fight. However, the South’s strategy was unsuccessful versus the North war strategy which was the Anaconda Plan. The Anaconda Plan was created to 1. Blockade the South 2. Split the confederacy gaining control over the Mississippi River and 3. Capture the Confederate capital, Richmond. Yet even though the Anaconda Plan was a success during war the north adapted other strategies such as the idea to prevent the European powers, especially Great Britain and France from extending recognition and giving assistance to the Confederacy. The North advantage was not just how well the strategies well planned and effective but, the North’s advantage was also due to the argument been fought over during the Civil war such as that fact that the North was fighting against slavery and the South was fighting in favor of slavery which that argument alone caused some difficulties in army strategies such as obtaining alliance. Obtaining alliances was very difficult for the South to gain and hold because many states did not want to get involve due to the slavery issue. The alliance strategy however was not as hard of a request for the North to obtain in fact that was actually one of the strategies’ they adopted to obtain the loyalty of the border states: Maryland, Delaware, Kentucky, Missouri and West Virginia which, would eventually benefit them due to the issue that if they wanted to fight the war on Southern soil it meant the North would have to march through hostile border states reason why obtaining alliance’s was a very important strategy to hold during
Why did the southern states believe they could win the civil war? The southern states, known as the Confederacy were very confident going into this war that they could successfully defend their rights' and their way of life. They had many reasons for being so confident. First, the southern leaders were sure the north was not going to have a full-scale military conflict. They thought that a compromise and peace agreement could be reached after a short period of fighting. Second, the south was going to fight a defensive war. Third, the southern lifestyle made them familiar with firearms and horseback riding. Therefore they would be better soldiers than the northerners. Fourth, the south had a great source of wealth in its cotton exports and felt they would be able to fund the war. Last, the south thought that France and Britain would come to its aid. The south didn't want to defeat the north they wanted a compromise. Therefore, the north would not have the authority to govern them. The south did not have to win the war, it just had to keep the north from winning. On March 7, 1861 Jefferson Davis selected John Forsyth, A. B. Roman, and Martin J. Crawford to represent the Confederacy in a meeting with Lincoln's administration. Not trying two overpower anyone, the Confederate leaders said they simply wanted to be left alone. The Confederates thought to defend its region from being taken over and to keep its armies from destruction they would have to fight a very well planned out defensive war. The Confederate armies did not have to invade the north to win that kind of war. They need only to endure long enough to force the north to the decision that th...
Hartsfield –Jackson Atlanta International Airport (n.d.). Case Study. Atlanta Metropolitan Aviation Capacity Study Phase II. Retrieved from
...of the Middle Ages, this period in time is perceived to be the Dark Ages. Building new universities and other economic development was foreshadowed by an inadequate government system and poverty-stricken farming communities that literally isolated them from the rest of the world. Additionally, while trade routes may have been established, trade suffered because of its underdeveloped structure. During these Medieval times, education became a luxury that only the wealthy could enjoy. With the increasing costs of education today, we are headed in that same direction. Similarly, economic prosperity during the Dark Ages had ups and downs just like today’s economy. Most recently, universities and huge, powerful companies were virtually unfazed by the “great recession of 2008.” Each and every generation has both positive and negative factors that help define them.
The Middle Ages have always been perceived as being the dark period, some people may even classify this period as being the Dark ages, in between the collapse of the Roman Empire and the beginning of the Renaissance. Sometimes, this period is classified into the Early, High, and Late Middle Ages. The Middle Ages have been known as the Dark ages for an elongated time because it rested in the center of two distinguished eras, and many people felt that no intellectual accomplishments were formed. In fact, the Middle Ages were a period where humanity did not take a step back, but took a few jumps forward. The people of this time period became completely devoted in their religion, which resulted in the expansion of Christianity. When Rome fell, their pagan religion was no longer practiced, and
In 1905, Albert Einstein confirmed the Theory of Special Relativity. This stated that objects moving at a constant speed move in relation to each other. This discovery managed to unify space and time, as a concept, because of how things appear differently in space depending on the speed someone is going. This wasn’t the only concept that was a result of the Theory of Special Relativity, however. Another idea that came about as a result of the Theory of Special Relativity was the Mass-Energy Equivalence. This idea states that the energy exerted by an object is equal to the mass of that object. The Mass-Energy Equivalence is described by the equation “E = mc²”, the “E” representing energy, the “m” representing mass, and the “c” representing the speed of light. The Mass-Energy Equivalence theory was developed by Albert Einstein and thoroughly explains how mass and energy work together, as well as contributing to the development of hospital diagnostics and space technology.
Background and Audience Relevance: There are always conversations about our planet. We see our earths glaciers melting, weather temperature rising, and pollution affecting our resources. But for some reasons we tend to look away. We should be more aware of this potential event and I’m here to inform everyone about what actually is global warming and the effects of it.
One of the most substantial problems in the world today is global warming. This gradual warming of the earth is in occurrence at an extremely slow rate but it is happening. Many scientists believe that as human’s work and release greenhouse gases into the earth’s atmosphere, it can become dangerous for the long lasting life of humans and our environment. “Unless we take immediate action, the impacts of global warming will continue to intensify, grow ever more costly and damaging, and increasingly affect the entire planet - including you, your community, and your family” (“Global Warming Impacts”). Everyone should be knowledgeable about global warming and the dangers that it brings to our planet. This essay will examine
According to the Canada’s Action on Climate Change, Climate change is a long-term shift in weather conditions identified by changes in temperature, precipitation, winds, and other indicators. Climate change can involve both changes in average conditions and changes in variability, including, for example, extreme events. Climate change is one of the biggest crisis in the earth. It will cause a huge damage to the eco-system and human. We are the victims of the climate change. However, we are the one who cause the climate change.
Einstein's theory of relativity is a famous theory, but it's little understood. Essentially, the theory of relativity refers to two different parts of the same theory: special relativity and general relativity. The theory of special relativity was introduced first, and was later considered to be a special case of the more comprehensive theory of general relativity. During the nineteenth century, scientists believed that light is a wave. They reasoned that waves of light need a medium to travel through, so they invented the concept of "ether." Light was thought to transmit through the ether, which stands still while all matter moves through it. In order to measure the earth's speed through the ether, Albert A. Michelson and Edward Morley collaborated on an experiment in 1887. In the experiment, one beam of light took a route against the ether and back while the other was perpendicular to the ether. Michelson and Morley expected to calculate the speed of the earth through the ether, to their surprise, the beams of light completed the course in the same time. However, the well-known Michelson-Morley experiment had failed to detect Earth's motion relative to the ether and no one could explain why. Something was wrong with the traditional understanding of relativity as it applied to light. Within this essay we will further explain both parts of the theory of relativity and their relevance in our world.