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Reasons for unification in Germany
Reasons for unification in Germany
The essay of german unification
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Throughout history Prussia has been land considered by their neighbors as barbarous. Everyone from the powerful Roman Empire, to the French Empire has described this area as such. Within this area lies some of the fiercest and most ruthless tribes to have existed, the Germanic tribes. While the Germanic people have always been considered to be tribal and separate by their neighbors, this consideration is wrong. The German tribes have always been in a sense united, but it was not until the external threat of others, the need to survive and political pressures did the tribes unite to become the nation of Germany.
The Prussian area has always been in danger of invasion. Primarily because it is located in the center of Europe, so if any empire wanted to expand they most likely had to captured Prussia. The two greatest external threats that have ever threatened this area was the Roman and French Empire. The Romans were never successful in their invasion. The French however were able to occupy this area for a few years before they were kicked out.
The Romans and the Germanic tribes had been involved in a war called the Germanic Wars, which lasted from 113 BC - 439 AD (Wikipedia). By the end of this war the Romans were able to capture the Germanic area called Gaul (Wikipedia). They were however never able to capture the land to the east of the Rein River. The Germans however were able to help bring an end to the war at the Battle of Totenberg forest. It was in this battle that an alliance of the German tribes ambushed the Roman Legions. By the end of the battle three Roman legions were destroyed and all invasion attempts were cancelled (Battle of Teutoburg Forest).
The last major external threat that the Germanic tribes faced was du...
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...owerful British Empire. Finally to the east lied the menacing Russian Empire. Each one was extremely powerful and were expanding quickly. In order to protect themselves all of Germany needed to unite and create an empire of themselves. Thus creating the German Empire (Wikipedia).
Loosely connected but always united the German tribes remained, until external threats, and the need for their survival did they final unite into one nation. They faced the Roman Empire and were victorious. They united against the French to defend themselves and succeeded. Once united they faced a greater threat of three massive empire. These empires were ready to attack and destroy anything in their path. The Germans need a new way to fight these threats, and their answer was to become like them. It was then by the treat of extinction they finally united and the German empire was born.
The German nation was born in January 1871 at the Palace of Versailles. Many factors have been noted by historians as to what led to the eventual unification of Germany such as; economic and industrial factors and the role of Otto Von Bismarck. A debate that has emerged over German Unification is whether it was united by ‘coal and iron’ or ‘blood and iron’; this looks at whether economic or political factors were the main driving force behind unification. In this essay I will explore these factors and gain an understanding of how these factors contributed to German Unification and come to a decision as to whether it was a nation unified by economic
Revised: May 30, 1998 Accessed:October 15/99 Encyclopedia Britannica Online, "Bismarck, Otto von" © 1994, Accessed Nov. 10 1999 German News. " Otto von Bismarck, Founder of the German Empire", © July 1998, Accessed : October 15/99 Gielen, Christof "The Road to National Unification" ©1995
In the 1800s Germany was not one single German nation, instead it was made up of 2 dozen German-speaking kingdoms. The reason for nationalists wanting to unite these Kingdoms was so that they could form a greater Germany (19th century anti-Semitism). Nationalists wanted Germany to be a nation that would go up against the economic and military power of Britain, France and Russia (19th century anti-Semitism). However, it was not an easy task to unite the Kingdom.
In 19th century Italian states united to make Italy while the Germanic states united and made Germany. For Italy there were three people who had a major role in unifying Italy. They were Mazzini, Garibaldi and Cavour. For Germany it was more like one person who united the German states to make Germany and that was Bismarck. On the other hand there was a strong Austrian empire that would not tolerate any nationalist feelings to rise anywhere in Europe.
The fall of the Berlin Wall in 1989 precipitated the Reunification of Germany in 1990. Negotiations and talks between East German’s Lothar de Maiziere and West German’s Helmut Kohl and the four occupying powers of United States, United Kingdom, France, and Soviet Union resulted in the Unification Treaty or the “Two plus Four Treaty” recognizing the sovereignty of the newly unified German state. The five states of German Democratic Republic or East Germany united with Federal Republic of Germany or West Germany and Berlin became a unified city on October 3, 1990 marking the die wende or Turning Point. “By early 1991, however, not much more than a year after the barricade surrounding the Brandenburg Gate was actually removed, most Germans, East and West, were asking themselves whether the Wall’s absence was, by itself sufficient to bring the nation together again” (McAdams 199).” Zealous attempts to restructure East Germany’s economy after reunification in 1990 led to massive debt and high taxation, sparking disillusionment and frustration among German citizens, which resulted in a divided and unequal economy.
The name "Germany" according to Tacitus originates from the name of a tribe that drove the Gauls out of what would ultimately become German territory. Ever since those times, the name "Germany" was believed to inspire terror when heard.
The distinctive character of 19th century Bavarian culture comes from its historic Catholic roots as well as the traditions of the many kingdoms and empires that have ruled Bavaria. The region was historically Roman Catholic, and its people spread this religious heritage across Germany and the many countries surrounding it. Bavaria formed Germany in Catholic culture and hard work. The ruling of Bavaria often changed among Austria, Czech Republic, and France as a result of war, causing significant tension between these countries and affecting the citizens’ religion and way of life at this time.
Turner, Henry Ashby. Germany from Partition to Reunification. New Haven, CN: Yale University Press, 1992. Print.
In Tacitus’ Germania, the author reveals different aspects of the Germanic tribes of that time. Tacitus underlines religion, politics, and warfare in his passages. He goes into detail about climate, geography, social structure, the different customs of the Germanic people, and the tribes that make up Germany. Warfare being described to be one of the most important characteristics of the Germanic people, it was the most respectable effort that people of Germany could display.
Germany, for a better part of its history, had been home to around 40 free cities and city-states controlling the area between France and Russia. Attempts at unifying these separate but connected states have been made quite often and often with the same results: failure. Those in control of these cities and states knew that a unified German empire would have no need of all these princes and kings, and so many obstacles blocked the path to unification. Another issue facing unification was the split “ownership” of Germany between Prussia and Austria, two nations that had helped join the cities and states into a loose confederation.
Jens George Reich stated, “People imagine the reunification will be the answer to all their dreams.” While reunification marked the official end of communism within Germany, in reality problems were arising from the processes that were unexpected by the people of Germany. The reunification was implemented ineffectively by incompetent management amidst unfavourable economic and social circumstances which resulted in political, economic and social consequences as problems associated with the East far outweighed the advantages that could be provided by the West. Indeed, German citizens dreamed that the West could provide a degree of peace and economic stability that would reinforce a cohesive German identity.
The Congress of Vienna in 1814-15 created the so-called German Confederation under Austrian and Prussian hegemony, but this unit disappointed the dreams of nationalists. The rivalry of Austria and Prussia paralyzed it in a way comparable to the effects of Soviet-American dualism on the United Nations during the Cold War. Almost everywhere, the old rulers repressed the nationalist movement after 1815. The German princes realized that nationalism required reform.... ...
The Unification of Germany In 1871 the thirty-eight states of what was once the Holy Roman Empire. re-united to become what was known in the early twentieth century as simply, The German Empire, united under the rule of the German Emperor, or Kaiser. There are many factors which led to the unification of the German states: liberalism, nationalism, Otto Von Bismarck, fear of ‘another Napoleon’, the Prussian King William I, and the three wars Prussia fought. One of the key factors which led to the unification was nationalism.
Bismarck oversaw this transformation and established a very conservative centralized government. While colonial societies did form, there was no outward attempt to building an overseas empire by Bismarck or any other major government official in the years after unification. Bismarck was preoccupied with maintaining and growing Germany’s position in Europe, realizing any overseas activity put Germany at risk of inciting significant geopolitical tensions in Europe.
Prior to unification in 1871 the territory that would become Germany was comprised of thirty-nine independent states and city states joined together in a loose German Confederation. The most powerful among these states was Prussia, both geographically the largest state and that with the largest population. The influential politicians and policies that came out of Prussia were instrumental in the gradual formation of a united Germany. Beginning with the rise of Napoleon, the nineteenth century was a time of incredible change which dramatically altered the political balance of Europe. In order to understand the factors that culminated in official German unification on January 18 1871, it is necessary to examine the preceding decades. No single factor can be credited for the unification of the German states. Rather, the combined forces of social change, economic strength within a unified customs union, the moral justifications provided by nationalism, Bismarck’s careful manipulation of internal politics and the advantages gained through military action resulted in the unification of Germany.