Geothermal Energy
It has come to my attention that your research center gives some helpful information on my desire course of study. Let me explain briefly about my education background. I received B.S degree in 1999 with a major in Mechanical Engineering. (Heat and fluid branch) later, I began new course for M.S degree since 1999 in Energy Engineering (which continues) At present, I am searching and editing my final project. The title of my research would be “ Technical and Economical evaluation of geothermal energy systems”. Also, the subtitle named as “ Geothermal Heat Pump”.
The main idea of this project is mentioned below:
1. To collect a technical and energy model consisted of general information such as exploration, drilling, capacity of equipments, etc.
2. to gather economical plans based on technical model. In other words, we should consider the application of heat pump as well as economical point of view.
3. Comparison to geothermal heat pump and traditional air condition systems. Furthermore, to explain advantages and disadvantages of each system.
4. Comparison to geothermal heat pump and traditional heat pump.
5. Conclusions.
I’d like to call your attention to this matters, unfortunately in Iran there is no sufficient and reliable sources on renewable energy. So, our references are very limited.
All of my professional information was on the basis of searching Internet.
The Iranian society of mechanical engineering has published a special magazine titled “Mechanical Engineering”. As a member of this association, I wrote an article titled Geothermal energy which published. You will see that I thoroughly enjoyed to have all information that would be helpful and constructive in my study.
At the end, you are kindly requested to send me, if available, guidelines for following items:
1. General reports on Geothermal Energy by referring to historical analysis as well as the usage of different systems
In this document there will be a breakdown of the steps which will help i...
Central Idea: Nuclear energy only contributes a small amount to the world’s electricity yet it has hazards and dangers that far out-way its benefits. There are many other alternative power producing sources that can produce energy more efficiently and more safely than nuclear power plants can.
Not only is nuclear power friendly to the environment, but it is almost always available, and many countries are starting to use it more. Renewable energy sources like solar and wind en...
...Kroeker designed the first commercial geothermal heat pump to heat the Commonwealth Building in Portland, Oregon and demonstrated it in 1946. In 1960, Pacific Gas and Electric began operation of the first successful geothermal electric power plant in the United States at The Geysers in California. The original turbine lasted for more than 30 years and produced 11 MW net power. The binary cycle power plant was first demonstrated in 1967 in the U.S.S.R. and later introduced to the U.S. in 1981. This technology allows the generation of electricity from much lower temperature resources than previously. (Wikipedia, 2011)
Keywords: Continuous Casting, Steel, Slab, Physical Modelling, Tundish, Mathematical Modelling, Fluid Flow, Heat Transfer, Mass Transfer, Instruction, Report
The year is 2200. The world is going through a fossil fuel shortage. Oil reserves are almost completely consumed and it is becoming impossible to find new fossil fuel sources. Not prepared for this event to occur, The United States, has no alternative options. As a result of the oil shortage, the standard of living deteriorates. Heat in homes, supermarkets full of food, and transportation, all basic necessities taken for granted, will be depleted because fossil fuels are used to power almost everything. The key to the prevention of this future is renewable energy. Unfortunately the support for the use of renewable energy is weak and ineffective. Unless the US puts forth effort to research and promote the use of renewable energy to consumers, conversion from fossil fuels to renewable energy will no longer be an option.
Energy is the basic necessity of daily life. Nowadays, dependence on fossil fuels for energy needs becoming lower in numerous countries due to the potential of renewable energy to supply sustainable energy to the huge populations in many developing countries who are short of clean and continues energy. Generally, renewable energy can be defined as energy that is derived from natural resources which are constantly replenished and theoretically inexhaustible. Fossil fuels on the other hand can be described as energy that cannot be renewed and will eventually diminish. Thus, in many developing countries renewable energy is the alternative energy to replace non-renewable energy or commonly known as fossil fuels. In addition, according to Sorensen (2004), there is a greater demand for renewable energy sources nowadays due to the uncertainty of fuel price rise in living expenses. Commonly, there are many types of renewable energy available in our world such as wind power, biomass energy, solar energy, hydroelectric power and geothermal energy. However, the main three example of renewable energy are hydroelectric power, solar and biomass energy (Refer to Figure 1 in Appendix 1).
According to the US Environmental Protection Agency, over half of the oil used in the USA is imported. Most of this imported oil is located in the middle east and is controlled by OPEC members. Subsequent oil price shocks and price manipulation by OPEC have cost our economy dearly—about $1.9 trillion from 2004 to 2008—and each major shock was followed by a recession (Reduce). We may never be able to fully eliminate our need to import oil, but we can reduce cartel market control and the economic impact of price shocks by reducing our demand (Reduce). One way we can reduce our reliance on oil is through investing in renewable energy. Solar power, wind power, and hydro power are all forms of energy which come from renewable resources. Unlike oil, solar, wind and hydro electric power is abundant and can be obtained locally.
For the generation of electricity, hot water, at temperatures ranging from about 700 degrees F, is brought from the underground reservoir to the surface through production wells, and is flashed to steam in special vessels by release of pressure. The steam is separated from the liquid and fed to a turbine engine, which turns a generator. In turn, the generator produces electricity. Spent geothermal fluid is injected back into peripheral parts of the reservoir to help maintain reservoir pressure. If the reservoir is to be used for direct-heat application, the geothermal water is usually fed to a heat exchanger before being injected back into the earth. Heated domestic water from the output side of the heat exchanger is used for home heating, greenhouse heating, vegetable drying and a wide variety of other uses.
Saini, Keshav. "Solar Thermal Energy Pros and Cons | Environmental Issues." Environmental Issues Blog. N.p., 6 Jan. 2012. Web. 04 Mar. 2014. .
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