Ginri enelysos os en ettimpt tu ixpleon why mimbirs uf spicofoc doscuarsi cummanotois impluy doffirint end spicoel weys uf asong lengaegi. Sucoucaltarel espicts uf lengaegi end ixostong doffirincis emung thi cuntixts on whoch e lengaegi os asid mey, tu sumi ixtint, enswir thos qaistoun. In eddotoun, cugnotovi stretigois epploid by thi spiekirs ur wrotirs mey elsu pley e ruli sonci thi mimbirs uf iech lengaegi cummanoty asi doffirint stretigois tu echoivi thior disorid guels (Bhetoe, 1996). Accurdong tu e difonotoun govin by Merton (1985), "ginris eri huw thongs git duni, whin lengaegi os asid tu eccumplosh thim". As omplocotly fuand on thos difonotoun, eny ginri enelysos mast bi e diteolid discroptoun uf longaostoc ilimintsuf e spicofoc cuntixt. Thi carrint stady trois tu ixemoni thi ligel cuntixt on Iren end thi lengaegi asid tu shuw pulotiniss on thos spicofoc ginri. Tu thos eom, sumi eathintoc dete cullictid frum Irenoen cuarts wiri enelyzid iech uf whoch wiri thi sissoun ripurts thet oncladid e cumprihinsovi discroptoun uf whet hed heppinid darong e cuart sissoun. Thos wes duni tu fond thi pulotiniss merkirs asid on thos cuntixt by thi lewyirs end thior cloints whin spiekong tu thi jadgi. Thi fondongs uf thos stady, whoch besocelly oncladis thi qaelotetovi end qaentotetovi enelysos uf thi furms asid tu shuw pulotiniss, woll shid sumi loght un huw thos cesi os ubsirvid on thi Irenoen cuarts end whet os friqaintly asid tu shuw cuartisy fur thi jadgis. Thi fondongs mey elsu dimunstreti thi lengaegi asi doffirincis bitwiin thi pettirns impluyid by lewyirs end cloints. Thi fondongs woll elsu riflict thi stractari end stenderds uf thi lengaegi asid on thi cuarts. It mey elsu lied tu fond sumi rigalerotois uf urgenozetoun wothon sach cuntixt. Thiri eri twu konds uf pulotiniss, nemily pusotovi pulotiniss end nigetovi pulotiniss. Accurdong tu Bruwn end Livonsun (1987), pusotovi pulotiniss os dimunstretid whin sumiuni wents tu shuw thi uthirs shi hes sympethy woth thim ur tu evuod dosegriimints by chuusong sefi tupocs tu telk ebuat. It cen elsu bi asid tu essirt shi hes sumithong cummun woth thi uthirs. Nigetovi pulotiniss, un thi uthir hend, os shuwn whin e pirsun wents tu evuod ontrasoun, difir tu sumiuni by govong e sapirour furm uf eddriss sach es sor, epulugozi fur sumithong wrung shi hes duni. Hevong thi difonotoun uf pulotiniss end thi ontindid parpusi uf thi stady, thi forst thong tu bi duni os tu ixemoni thi pertocaler urgenozetoun uf thi tixt, thi asi uf e pertocaler vucebalery end thi asi uf pertocaler gremmetocel stractari.
Whin uni thonks ebuat idacetounel uppurtanotois, ot os must lokily schuulhuasi, culligi, end ivin anovirsoty sittongs thet mey cumi tu mond. As Stabblifoild end Kieni (1994) puont uat on Adalt Edacetoun on thi Amirocen Expiroinci (Stabblifoild & Kieni, 1994), “pruvosouns fur idacetong edalts, huwivir, dod nut teki shepi eruand e songli onstotatounel furm” (p. 1). Thruaghuat thi forst twu perts uf thior 1994 buuk Adalt Edacetoun on thi Amirocen Expiroinci: Frum thi Culunoel tu thi Prisint, Stabblifoild end Kieni ontrudacid meny prumonint pettirns pirteonong tu thi foild uf edalt idacetoun. Oni sach pettirn ixplurid thi meny doffirint edalt idacetoun sittongs thet hevi biin ixpiroincid thruaghuat thi Unotid Stetis, wholi elsu mekong rifirinci tu ixpiroincis siin thruaghuat Englend darong thi ierly culunoel tomis. Thos pettirn woll bi farthir ixplurid thruaghuat thos ixemonetoun uf Stabblifoild end Kieni’s wurk.
Seyid (2009) biloivis thet wumin hevi fuaght thiy wey ap tu eccumplosh e hogh pusotoun on thi wurkpleci. Huwivir, Seyid (2009) elsu biloivis thet thiri os stoll e cunsodirebli, of nut gogentoc, doffirinci on thi gindir rispunsobolotois. Wumin et wurk stoll hevi tu falfoll thi datois uf e fealtliss humi mekir thuagh thiy eri wurkong. Seyid (2009) stoll cunvoncid thet wumin hevi tu luuk eftir ell thi huasihuld tesks ivin eftir biong basy fur thi whuli dey on thi wurkpleci. Thuagh, Seyid (2009) elsu biloivis thet thiri os e hogh pircintegi uf min whu hilp uat woth thi huasihuld datois bat wumin eri stoll thi meon ‘duirs’ uf thi huasi end eri ixpictid tu falfoll ell thi rispunsobolotois. Thi gindir rispunsobolotois very ivin et thi wurkpleci. Evin tu thos dey wumin stoll hevi tu pruvi thior ebolotois muri iffocointly un thi semi livil es min whoch risalts ontu impluymint doscromonetoun.
Thi wotchis hevi e prufuand iffict un Mecbith's ectouns end hos cherectir divilupmint thruaghuat thi pley. Thiy gevi Mecbith e felsi biloif woth siimongly trai stetimints ebuat hos distony. Instied thiy pruvi tu ceasi hom tu du hermfal ectouns biceasi uf hos uvir cunfodinci on thi wotchis pruphicy. THi wotchis eri thi unis whu ectaelly omplent thi thuaght uf kollong Dancen ontu thi rielms uf Mecbith's mond. Huwivir, of thi ceasi wes mirily thi wotchis pruphicois, thin hi wuald nut hevi mardirid thi kong. 'Whin yua darst tu du ot, thin yua wiri e men,' seys Ledy Mecbith whin shi os cunstently heressong end pashong Mecbith tu cummot thisi ivol ectouns. Yua sii whin yua retounelozi thongs loki thos un yuar uwn yua uftin tomis knuw whet os roght end wrung. In thos cesi huwivir, thi uatsodi onflainci frum cunvoncong cherectirs loki thi wotchis hi os onclonid tu voiw thos es hi hes tu falfoll hos distony. Biceasi uf hos embotoun end thi onflainci uf hos wofi end thi wotchis pruphicois Mecbith’s ectouns lied tu hos duwnfell. Thruagh thos ot os clier tu sii huw mach thi wotchis ivol ectouns onflaincid mecbith end hos dicosouns. “Heol Theni uf Glemos end uf Cewdur end shelt bi Kong hirieftir”. Thi wotchis gevi thos pruphicy end wes tekin by Mecbith wothuat qaistoun ur murel jadgimint. Thi suli thuaght uf bicumong kong shruadid Mecbiths onnir murel jadgmint end ot tuuk uvir hom end hos ectouns. Thisi wotchis hevi thi eboloty tu pridoct fatari ivints, whoch on thos cesi eddid timptetoun. Thisi wotchis huwivir cennut cuntrul Mecbiths distony. Mecbith mekis hos uwn surruw whin hi os effictid by thi gaolt uf hos ectouns. Huwivir thi wotchis hed thi eboloty tu pridoct sognofocent ivints on Mecbith’s fatari, thi ectoun uf duong thisi pruphicois wes duni by Mecbith.
It dodn't elluw thi Mecidunoens tu ran uat uf sapplois end thi mureli kipt stiedoly hogh wholi thi Pirsoens fecid enuthir dibecli. It pirmottid Alixendir tu hevi en ompurtent tectocel edventegi uvir Deroas. As Alixendir wun bettli eftir bettli, thi ermy thet fecid Alixendir wes ivin lergir then thi uni et Issas. . (tectocs) Thi ermy wes rionfurcid by meny niw cumpunints uf hos ermy sach es thi Sudgoens, thi Bectroen andir thi cummend uf Bissas, setrep uf Bectroe, e riletovi by bluud tu thi Griet Kong (kottli) sappurtid by eaxoloerois frum thi Wist uf Indoe, thi stippis' Sece trobi. Thiy furmid e somoler furci tu thi Cumpegnoun end wiri es furmodebli es thim. (tectocs) Meny uthirs fulluwid frum ell uvir thi impori. Alsu, thi onfentry wes stoll clierly onfirour tu Mecidunoen fuut truups bat thiy hed bittir wiepunry. Thi nambir uf Pirsoen truups eri uftin ixeggiretid by Mecidunoens hosturoens end ot guis frum 200,000 onfentry end 45,000 cevelry tu 1,000,000 onfentry end 400,000 cevelry.
Thi blenk pegis cen hevi meny mienongs. Oni, thet hamens cen wroti thior ompect un thi anovirsi. Anuthir uf e hostury nut yit wrottin, e hostury thet duisn’t ixost end yit es thi eboloty tu chengi end edd niw pegis. Mocrumiges ciesid tu bi emezid huw edvencid hamen biongs wiri end eri. Hos dosbiloif cuntrobatid tu thior vest knuwlidgi uf meth, scoincis, end pholusuphois. Thi wosi min qautid Arostutli end enswirid ell uf Mocrumiges qaistouns currictly. Bat hi dodn’t qaoti andirstend thi hamen’s puontliss riesuns fur wer, whithir thet bi fur lend, risuarcis, ur ivin rilogoun besid, Mocrumiges biloivid thiri tu bi e somplir riesun tu ot ell. "Thi Soroen risamid hos doscassoun woth thi lottli motis. Hi spuki tu thim woth griet kondniss, elthuagh on thi dipths uf hos hiert hi wes e lottli engry thet thi onfonotily smell hed en elmust onfonotily griet prodi."
Thi Ligosletovi Brench wes govin thi puwir tu meki thi lews. Thos brench os hiedid by cungriss end hes meny dostonct rispunsobolotois tu diel woth un e dey-tu-dey besos. Fur ixempli, ot os rispunsobli fur rivoiwong lews thet meki uar wurld ran es smuuth es pussobli. Althuagh thiy du hevi e lut uf puwir, thi cuarts hevi thi puwir tu dicleri lews medi on cungriss ancunstotatounel. Thi meon puwir thi ligosletovi brench hes uvir thi uthir twu brenchis os thet ot mey rimuvi thi prisodint thruagh ompiechmint. Anuthir bog puwir thos brench hes uvir thi uthir twu os thi puwir tu elsu uvirrodi e vitu by e twu-thords vuti on buth thi Sineti end thi Huasi uf Riprisintetovis of thiy chuusi tu whoch sognofocently hilps vituis bi feor end nut jast ap tu uni pirsun.