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It was September fourteenth nineteen ninety in a hospital in Bethesda, Maryland. Doctor Culver was carrying a small plastic bag containing the first bag of genetically engineered cells intended to treat a human disease. SCID is a disease with a immune deficiency that can be controlled by gene therapy. This girl Cynthia was born with this disease SCID. She has been treated with gene therapy and so far it has worked. SCID is Severe Combined Immunodefficiency. It is a terrible disease that kids are born with and in order to get rid of it you need undergo gene therapy. It is a long process which is costly but well worth. The enzyme that these kids are not producing is ADA or adenosine deaminase. SCID is a birth defect where your parents have the recessive or broken down gene together. It costs a significant amount of money to get this treatment. It is about sixty thousand dollars for weekly injections of PEG-ADA. That is a drug that has the enzyme with a chemical sheath that allows it to get into the bloodstream. SCID is formerly known as the “bubble boy” disease. SCID is a defect in the white blood cells B- and T-lymphocytes that protect us from viruses and disease. A little more than half of the cases of SCID are inherited by the X chromosome from the mother. A mutation in JAK3 which is located on chromosome nineteen will make this defect happen (SCID). Also, X-linked SCID comes from a mutation in the interleukin 2-receptor gamma (IL2RG) gene which then causes SCID. These kids that are born with out a functional immune system can get pneumonia or
PG.2 chicken pox and can die before their first birthday. The first treatment ever done with this gene therapy worked and so did the second. Both of the kids Ashanti and Cynthia were not a hundred percent cured but enough for them to be able to live their lives regularly and be able to go places and play sports. They did have to get the weekly injections but it was a great success for the NIH people and all they had to do was get their child hood shots of the common disease and their injections so then they were fine. Yes it was a big hassle and very expensive but those kids were living regular lives for once in their life and they loved it and their parents were cherishing every moment of it.
What makes us who we are? Does the answer lie in our genes, our environment, or in the way we are raised? For years, there has been an on-going debate between nature and nurture. T.H. White, author of The Once and Future King, explores the debate through many of the book’s characters. The issue clearly appears in the relationship of Queen Morgause and her sons, the Orkney brothers. The debate caused people to pick a side, to pick nature over nurture, or nurture over nature. However, it does not have to be one or the other. Nature and nurture work together to determine who we are.
The issue of whether or not criminal or aggressive behavior and violence is caused by biological or environmental factors has proven to be one that has caused a dispute for many years now. The biological or genetic factor of violent/criminal or aggressive behavior is certainly a much talked about topic. The idea that certain individuals could be predisposed to violence is something definitely deserving of doing research about. The nature vs. nurture topic has been a continuing debate for many aspects of human behavior, including aggression/violent behavior and criminal behavior. There have been many studies indicating that chemical relationships between hormones and the frontal lobe of the brain may play a key role in determining aggressive behavior as well as genetics, while other studies have explored environmental and social factors that have been said to control patterns in human aggression. Aggressive/violent behavior can’t be answered directly if it is caused by either nature or nurture; instead it is believed that both cause it.
Over 40 years ago, two men by the names of James Watson and Francis Crick discovered deoxyribonucleic acid, or DNA. DNA is hereditary material in humans and almost all other organisms (What is DNA?). From this finding, gene therapy evolved. Today, researchers are able to isolate certain specific genes, repair them, and use them to help cure diseases such as cystic fibrosis and hemophilia. However, as great as this sounds, there are numerous ethical and scientific issues that will arise because of religion and safety.
To conclude, although gene therapy can cure a wide variety of diseases which cannot be cured by traditional medicine, and patients can get permanent cure without rejections, it can be high-risk and immoral. The negative effects of gene therapy lead to the shrink of the number of volunteers, and many trials have been forced to cease. The Gene therapy's potential to revolutionize medicine in the future is exciting, and hopes are high for its role in curing and preventing childhood diseases.
Miranda v. Arizona is a case that revolutionized the rights of an accused while in custody and interrogation. The Supreme court leaders based the rights of Mr. Miranda by the fifth amendment of the United States Constitution. The fifth amendment has been interpreted though the decision of supreme court rulings into the right to remain silent in an interrogation in order to prevent the accused to testify against himself. This amendment also protects any person from double jeopardy from the same crime, gives him or her a grand jury, and it requires for due process of law to come in effect in case a citizen is denied him or her from their right of life, liberty, or property.
Without the person’s knowledge of their specific rights, law enforcement is going against the lawful procedures the court system has set out. While it is the job of the police to remind a person of their rights, there are times when this is not the case. As said by Alex McBride in his study of the Miranda v. Arizona case, "No statement obtained from the defendant can truly be the product of his free choice” (McBride 1). This statement demonstrates how important Miranda Rights are. McBride states that any statement a defendant says it is not the outcome of them choosing to speak, but rather the pressuring of a defendant to speak without the knowledge of their rights. If the defendant was familiar with their rights, then anything stated from them is the creation of unforced information that is lawful. While the Constitution is in place to protect the rights of Americans with its laws, over the years, new situations arise causing the need to put changes and amendments in place to solve these
The old Native American proverb that states, “We do not inherit the land from our ancestors; we borrow it from our children” really makes me think about my lifestyle and how it is benefiting the Earth. Being sustainable not only means to take care of the planet for my generation but also for future generations. It is my job to care for the planet as best as I can and to help pass on these good habits to my children. The best ways that I can help my environment are composting uneaten food and old vegetables, donating or reusing old clothes, and recycling plastic and paper products.
On Christmas Day in the year 2001, I gave birth to a healthy baby boy. When I looked into the brand-new face of my son I saw a beautiful mystery. I wondered what kind of man my boy would grow to be and what his life would be like. There are those in the scientific community who would argue that my son's path was already determined at the moment of his birth, that his fate could be deciphered from his genetic make-up. As a nurturing mother I know better. At two years old my son has developed a more diverse vocabulary than many children twice or even three times his age. He recognizes many written words and reads them aloud. He is able to spell his name. He can distinguish a square from a rectangle and an octagon from a hexagon. Was he born with this knowledge? The answer is no. My son, as genetically gifted as he may be, could have been born into an environment in which his inborn potential was never developed. The knowledge he now possesses can be directly traced to the teaching environment in which he has grown. Human beings are a product of both their biology and their environment.
The argument of nature vs. nurture is a long-standing one in the psychological and social worlds. It is the argument about whether we are ruled by our genes or our upbringing. It is my thought that neither is true. It is nature working with nurture which determines our personality and our lifestyle.
My primary interest in a career in Pharmacy came from an overall interest in medicine and helping others. The incident that encouraged my curiosity about medicine was my first severe asthma attack in the third grade. I wondered how medications could me a freedom to breath when every breath had required so much effort. Working as a pharmacy technician for CVS Pharmacy, I found exactly which area in health care my passion was leading to me to, even though I had already shadowed various other types of health care professionals. I am currently pursuing a bachelor 's degree in biology with enough advanced course work to prepare me for the challenges of pharmacy school. As a hopeful pharmacist, I will have a career that excites me while being able to provide for my loved and make a difference in other people 's lives.
But it’s not that simple. Becoming eco-friendly is more than just being “friendly” to the environment- even Rinkesh agrees that “being eco-friendly goes far beyond just turning off lights when you leave the room or separating your garbage for recycling – it is about changing the purpose of how you live.” (2016) Although a lot of human waste goes to landfills there is now a way to use this trash and turn it into energy, based on the information given by “How landfills benefit society” (2013) this statement is true. One must change his/her habits with how they dispose of waste and how they use natural resources. Every human needs to become eco-friendly to help better the future and ensure that life will be sustainable on earth in many years to come. Becoming eco-friendly could be the first step to a better and healthier
Gene therapy enables patients to survive incurable diseases. In the field of genetic diseases, ADA-SCID, CGD and hemophilia are three main ones. ADA-SCID is known as the bubble boy disease. CGD is related to immune system that would lead to fungal infections which are fatal. Patients with Hemophilia are not able to induce bold bleeding (Gene therapy for diseases, 2011). Gene therapy also has good effects on cancer treatment and neurodegenerative diseases, which include Parkinson’s disease and Huntington’s disease. Viral infections, including influenza, HIV and hepatitis can also be treats by it (Gene therapy for diseases, 2011). According to the Science Daily in 2011, gene therapy now can apply to heart failures and neurologic diseases as well.
A genetic mutation is a permanent change in the sequence of the DNA that makes up a gene. A mutation of these sorts can be caused by either inheritance from the parent or caused sometime during the life of someone. The mutation that has been inherited is called a germline mutation. Germline mutations affect virtually the entire body, and they seem to be present in every cell. A somatic mutation, or one that is caused in the DNA of a single cell sometime during the life, can be caused by an environmental factor or a wrong bonding in the DNA molecule. These cannot be passed down to the next generation of children because they occur in a specific cell as opposed to in a reproductive cell. Some mutations occur in the embryo as it is growing. These may occur during cell division, and some of the cells may or may not inherit this mutation. Some mutations are extremely rare, and others are incredibly common. Those that occur in more than one percent across a population are considered polymorphisms. Polymorphisms are considered normal variations in DNA, and they are known to cause simple changes such as variations in blood types and hair color. Although these are not typically fatal, they can influence the creation of some disorders (Lister Hill National Center for Biomedical Communications, U.S. National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, USA.gov, 2013).
As a concerned human being for my current environment as well as the future to come, I agree with these four great tips: Reuse, Reduce, Recycle and buy Recycled as being an effective formula in guiding us to keeping the environment clean and reducing global warming. This would have to start with every individual working together to take the first steps in improving our environment.
...ring deadly diseases and preventing abortions. In order for gene therapy to one day become effective much more research needs to be done to discover the consequences of altering specific genes. Also the technology of gene therapy needs to be cost effective so people who need help are able to get help. In the end gene therapy in humans needs to come a long ways before it will be widely accepted but there is great potential in the technology and it needs to be pursued.