Gender Stereotyping Effects on Children

Rigidity and flexibility of gender stereotypes in childhood: Developmental or differential?. Infant And Child Development, 14(4), 365-381. doi:10.1002/icd.399 Zosuls, K. M., Ruble, D. N., Tamis-LeMonda, C. S., Shrout, P. E., Bornstein, M. H., & Greulich, F. K. (2009). The acquisition of gender labels in infancy: Implications for gender-typed play. Developmental Psychology, 45(3), 688-701. doi:10.1037/a0014053

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This type of action can affect a child’s development. When children experience gender bias at an early age, not only can affect their development but it can affect their behavior, beliefs, and relationship with others. Children learn by what they see their parents do or what is acted out in their communities. Studies have shown, not only do children experience gender bias at an early age but that they also learn to stereotype as early as the age of three years old. I do agree with... ... middle of paper ... ...om this assignment is that we are a diverse culture and therefore, we all come from different backgrounds.

Another trait that can be intergenerationally transmitted, from parent to child, is externalizing problem behaviors. An externalizing problem behavior “refers to a grouping of behavior problems that are manifested in children’s outward behavior and reflect the child negatively acting on the external environment” (Liu, 2004, p. 94). This literature review will examine the intergenerational transmission of externalizing problem behaviors. The vast research on the intergenerational transmission of externalizing problem behaviors, that will be discussed, will be between two generations and three generations. The externalizing problem behaviors that will be examined are antisocial, conduct, and aggression, and each of these will be defined using Merriam-Webster.com.

Looking at numbers leads to the statistics of gender differences. Boys and girls differ in some aspects of internalizing and externalizing symptoms, but bother are affected. Along wi... ... middle of paper ... ...riedman, S. (2007). Clinically Significant Trauma Symptoms and Behavioral Problems in a Community-based Sample of Children Exposed to Domestic Violence. Journal of Family Violence, 22, 487-499. doi: 10.1007/s10896-007-9113-z Wolfe, D. A., Crooks, C. V., Lee, V., McIntyre-Smith, A., & Jaffe, P. G. (2003).

Sex Roles, 40(1/2), 121-138. Martin, C. L., Ruble, D. N., & Szkrybalo, J. (2002). Cognitive theories of early gender development. Psychological bulletin, 128(6), 903.

Child Abuse & Neglect, 35(10), 783. Valentino, K., Toth, S. L., Rogosch, F. A., & Cicchetti, D. (2011). Mother-child play and maltreatment: A longitudinal analysis of emerging social behavior from infancy to toddlerhood. Developmental Psychology, 47(5), 1280-1294. doi:10.1037/a0024459

(1980). Motor and social behavior in abused and control children: observations of parent-child interactions. The Journal of Psychology, 106, 193-204. Retrieved from http://ezproxy.mc.edu:2054/ehost/pdfviewer/pdfviewer?vid=10&hid=18&sid=ecc52210-ab37-4879-91fb-601063008a50%40sessionmgr14 Sim, L., Friedrich, W. N., Davies, W. H., Trentham, B., Lengua, L., & Pithers, W. (2005, December ). The child behavior checklist as an indicator of posttraumatic stress disorder and dissociation in normative, psyhiatric, and sexually abused children.

New York, NY: McGraw-Hill. Teicher, M. H., & Vitaliano, G. D. (2011). Witnessing Violence Toward Siblings: An Understudied but Potent Form of Early Adversity. Plos ONE, 6(12), 1-10. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0028852 Vlachou, M., Andreou, E., Botsoglou, K., & Didaskalou, E. (2011). Bully/Victim Problems Among Preschool Children: a Review of Current Research Evidence.

Early Childhood Education Journal. April 14, 2014. Weinraub, M., Clemens, L. P., Sachloff, A., Ethridge, T., Gracely, E., & Myers, B. (1984). The development of sex role stereotypes in the third year: Relationships to gender labeling, gender identity, sex-typed toy preferences, and family characteristics.