The stomach is an organ in the digestive system that fulfills various roles in the body. The main function of the stomach is to secrete concentrated hydrochloric acid. The concentrated HCL offers a chemical barrier against ingested pathogens and aids in the digestion of food. The gastric gland contains specific cells that have a function to pump protons into the gastric lumen which acidify the contents of the stomach and these cells are known as parietal cells. Hydrochloric acid is a noxious substance and the gastric mucosa has to undertake different ways to protect itself from any injury from the HCL. This protection system of the stomach requires the secretion of mucus from gastric, mucus cells and the regulation of the HCL that is …show more content…
A test may be assessed to check the amount of acid found in the esophagus and it is known as an ambulatory acid pH probe test which uses a device to measure acid secretion quantity for 24 hours. The device identifies when and for how long stomach acid regurgitates into the LES. Another type of device is a clip which can be placed into the esophagus during a procedure called endoscopy. The probe transmits a signal to a computer that is placed on the patient. After two days, the probe falls off and is passed in the patient’s stool. (Mayo Clinic Staff, 2015). Endoscopy is another way to visually examine the inside of the gastroesophageal region and may be used to collect a sample of tissue known as a biopsy for further testing. During endoscopy the physician inserts a thin, bendable tube containing a light and camera down the patient’s throat to examine the patient internally. Another procedure for diagnosis is an x-ray of the upper digestive system, known as a barium swallow. The barium swallow involves the patient drinking a chalky liquid that coats the internal lining of the digestive tract. Once the digestive tract is coated with barium, the X-rays are taken of the upper digestive tract. The coating allows the physician to see an outline of the gastroesophageal region. Lastly there is a test to measure the motility of the esophagus and it is called the esophageal motility …show more content…
The first surgery includes a surgical reinforcement of the LES and the second surgery strengthens the LES. The first surgery involves tightening the LES to prevent acid reflux by binding the fundus of the stomach around the exterior of the lower esophagus. This surgery is performed laparoscopically and a few small incisions are made into the abdomen. In the incisions, small instruments are inserted with a tiny camera. The second surgery uses the Linx device, the Linx device is tiny circular arrangement of magnetic titanium beads that are used to wrap around the gastroesophageal region. The magnets then attract between the beads to keep the opening of the stomach closed to reduce the acid reflux. Although this attraction is strong enough to hold back acid reflux it is weak enough for food particles to pass through for eventual digestion (Mayo Clinic Staff,
The food bolus goes down the pharynx a tube which connects the mouth to the esophagus. The esophageal sphincter then closes after food enters the esophagus and peristalsis moves food through the esophagus to the stomach. Then the gastroesophageal surrounding the cardial orifice opens and food enters the stomach. The stomach is a J-shaped, muscular pouch positioned in the abdomen. The stomach is made out of three layers of muscularis externa for mechanical digestion. Digestion in the stomach begins when it churns and mixes food with four secretions of the stomach wall which are hydrochloric acid (HCL) its task is to keep the stomach functioning properly maintaining the stomach acidic, mucus, inactive enzyme pepsinogen that is then converted into an active pepsin, pepsin enzyme works best in the acidic environment, pepsin also kills the bacteria that is swallowed along with your food at the time of ingestion. After the food has been broken down from solid material into liquid, also known as chyme. Chyme then exits the stomach through the pylorus into the small
Now the Cheetos have entered the stomach. The process of breaking down carbohydrates has already begun in the mouth and now more chemical and mechanical digestion will take place in the stomach. Once the bolus has entered the stomach, it mixes with gastric juice, starts protein digestion, and absorbs a limited amount. Here the chief cells secrete the inactive enzyme pepsinogen and the parietal calls secrete hydrochloric acid. When mixed together, they create pepsin. The pepsin works to breakdown the two grams of protein present in the Cheetos. Hormones are also present in the stomach and aid in the digestion process. The hormone, gastrin, increases the secretory activity of gastric glands. In the stomach, some salt from the Cheetos is absorbed through the wall. The Cheetos that entered the stomach has no...
mucous layer of the organs in the digestive tract by means of enzymes and acids.
The pH of stomach acid ranges from 1 to 2 on the pH scale. The stomach constantly produces hydrochlo...
Stomach, an organ belongs to the digestive system, plays an important role in human body. This J-shaped organ can be full with one liter of food. Stomach is located on left upper part of abdominal cavity, it connects the esophagus (upper) with the small intestine (below). To the left of the stomach, there is a spleen and to the right of it, we’ve got the liver. There are four sections of the stomach: cardia, fundus, body and pyloric. To control the openings into the stomach, the gastroesophageal sphincter relaxes and allowing food leave the stomach is the function of pyloric sphincter. The stomach wall has three layers of muscles that help it contracts in all direction to break food into smaller molecules. Moreover, this organ is lined by mucus coat to neutralize acid
A barium enema is often down to evaluate their large intestine with an X-ray. The barium dye coats the lining of the bowel, creating a silhouette of their rectum, colon and a portion of their small intestine that's visible on an X-ray. This test is rarely done anymore because of the availability of colonoscopy and CT scanning (NDDIC, n.d.).
Enteroendocrine cells. Enteroendocrine cells secrete the hormone gastrin, which promotes secretion of hydrochloric acid and pepsinogen by parietal cells and chief cells, respectively. Gastrin also initiates gastric contractions, which aid in food-mixing. This hormone is secreted by G cell, a type of enteroendocrine cell. (Sternini, Anselmi & Rozengurt, 2008).
The pancreas can be divided into two sections when studying the histology. The pancreas has exocrine and endocrine functions, each with unique cell types. The exocrine pancreas serves to secrete digestive enzymes into the duodenum. Some of the specific enzymes and secreted substances are Proteases, lipase, amylase, bicarbonate, and water (Bowen, “Exocrine Secretions”). These enzymes are used to break down protein, fat, and carbohydrates respectively. The bicarbonate simply act as an acid buffer to prevent damage of the small intestine as the stomach acid must be neutralized. The enzymes are created in acinar cells and the bicarbonate is synthesized in epithelial cells surrounding pancreatic ducts (Bowen “Exocrine
And is most commonly know for releasing bile which aids digestion of food and absorbs important nutrients, (Anon., n.d.)
When these two muscles layer contracts in an alternate fashion, it propels the food through the pharynx into the esophagus. This mechanism is called peristalsis. (Marieb E. 2006)
Gastric bypass surgery: MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia. (2004, June 4). U.S National Library of Medicine. Retrieved May 19, 2014, from http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/007199.htm
...ve eaten, to break down the food into a liquid mixture and to slowly empty that liquid mixture into the small intestine. Once the bolus has entered your stomach it begins to be broken down with the help of the strong muscles and gastric juices which are located in the walls of your stomach. The gastric juices are made up of hydrochloric acid, water, and mucus- and the main enzyme inside of your stomach is what is known as pepsin, which needs to be surrounded in an acidic setting in order to do its job, that is to break down protein. Once the bolus has been inside of your stomach for long enough it begins to form into a liquid called chyme, and what keeps the chyme from flowing back into our esophagus are ring shaped muscles known as sphincters located at the beginnings and ends of the stomach and they have the task of controlling the flow of solids and liquids.
Once in the stomach, the glands that are there begin to secrete enzymes and a mucous that help to protect the stomach from its own acids. While this is being done, the muscles of the stomach are contracting. This causes the food to be turned and moved all throughout the stomach. This process turns the food into chyme, which is just a liquefied version of the food that was first taken...
Unending weakness, untimely maturing, joint inflammation, poor skin and hair quality, danger, hypersensitivities, growth, and numerous different ailments can all outcome from flawed assimilation since poor processing meddles with supplement breakdown, ingestion and digestion system; permits poisons to stay in the body and aggregate; and over anxieties the body. The gastrointestinal framework assumes a focal part in safe framework homeostasis. It is the primary course of contact with the outer environment and is over-burden each day with outside jolts, now and again hazardous as pathogens (microscopic organisms, protozoa, parasites, infections) or harmful substances, in different cases exceptionally helpful as nourishment or commensal vegetation. The critical position of the gastrointestinal framework is affirmed by the colossal measure of invulnerable cells that dwell inside it. Without a doubt, gut-related lymphoid tissue (GALT) is the noticeable piece of mucosal-related lymphoid tissue (MALT) and speaks to right around 70% of the whole safe framework; also, around 80% of plasma cells [mainly immunoglobulin An (IgA)- bearing cells] live in GALT. GALT communicates entirely with gastrointestinal capacities in a dynamic way; for example, by expanding intestinal penetrability in replay
Esophagus: Esophagus is a long straight tube which connects the pharynx to the stomach. Once the food has been reduced to a soft mush, the tongue pushes it to the throat which leads to a long straight tube called esophagus. The esophagus squeezes the mass of food with rhythmic muscle contraction called peristalsis which then forces the food to the stomach.