GUI is a frequently used acronym, which means Graphical User Interface. In other words GUI is almost anything that you see on a computer screen, they are the popup boxes. Everyone uses GUIs in their daily life, but know one actually thinks of them as GUIs especially the youth who did not grow up with Dos, which was an old Operating System (OS), but even if you did not grow up with Dos you should still have noticed the change in how some programs look on different platforms or how they evolved over time. The way GUIs are made and look has changed over time as the technology and the knowledge changed. The first GUI was developed for research and universities not for commercial use; it was made in 1973. It was very bland and dull looking had simple buttons, labels, and text areas. It was developed at called Xerox Palo Alto Research Center (PARC); they named their first GUI Xerox Alto. Their next up computer called Xerox 8010 Star, which was released in 1981. “This was the first system that was referred to as a fully integrated desktop computer including applications and a GUI” (Fekete, 2009). The name of this computer changed twice first to ViewPoint then later to GlobalView. After this new computer they began to work on the idea of having a desktop and put icons or to be able to save on the desktop or to be able to make a GUI pop up as a folder for storage or applications. Apple’s first computer came out in the 1983, which was called Lisa Office System1. Apple intention for this was to be able to edit and write documents. This how ever could not beat the affordability of the newer Verizon of Apple’s Macintosh. Apple even tried to make newer versions of Lisa (Lisa OS, Lisa OS 2, in 1983 and Lisa OS 3.1 in 1984), but all in vain.... ... middle of paper ... .... . GUIs have greatly affected our life as technology increased and as the need for new things such as video games and smart Boards. GUIs is just is a product just like anything else you can buy so when the demand for new things arise, that also leads to new innovations and the improvements of products. Just like I mentioned with the video games as time passed the hardware and the software of the GUIs allowed the Video games to become more realistic. A perfect example is how the desktop GUI evolved from the most simple type which was meant for research and laboratory use to having personal computers for day to day us. As time went by the users had to know less and less on the software and hardware side of the machines to make it more access able to the general public. This simplification of the user interface was driven to respond to the need of the consumers.
The introduction of Apple’s Macintosh in 1984 revolutionized the personal computer industry (North, 2011). Although Jobs did not invent the
The computer industry’s dependency on new programs and innovative software has led to the protection of intellectual property becoming a topic of fierce debate in the field. In the late 1980’s and early 1990’s, this issue spurred numerous lawsuits, thereby forcing the courts to set precedent and guidelines about how to prove copyright infringement of software. Many of these cases were in regards to copyright infringement of graphic user interfaces, or GUIs; which consist of the visual cues and representations seen through a particular program or software. GUIs, in essence, determine the “look and feel” of a program. The dilemma that the computer industry faced was how similar one interface has to be to another to constitute copyright infringement. The response to this dilemma would also serve as the response to other issues faced by the industry at the time: Should computers, similarly to automobiles, have a standard “dashboard” (a.k.a. GUI) to enable computers to be more efficiently used (Markoff)? What is the balance between the sharing of information that promotes innovation and the protection of intellectual property?
In April of 1976, Apple launched the Apple I computer with the price tag of $666.66. Initial sales were underwhelming due to the high
In 1953 it was estimated that there were 100 computers in the world. Computers built between 1959 and 1964 are often regarded as the "second generation" computers, based on transistors and printed circuits - resulting in much smaller computers. 1964 the programming language PL/1 released by IBM. 1964 the launch of IBM 360. These first series of compatible computers. In 1970 Intel introduced the first RAM chip. In 1975 IBM 5100 was released. In 1976 the Apple Computer Inc. was founded, to market Apple I Computer. Designed to Stephen Wozinak and Stephan Jobs. In 1979 the first compact disk was released around 1981 IBM announced PC, the standard model was sold for $2,880.00.
Information Retrieval (IR) is to represent, retrieve from storage and organise the information. The information should be easily access. User will be more interested with easy access information. Information retrieval process is the skills of searching for documents, for information within documents and for metadata about documents, as well as that of searching relational databases and the World Wide Web. According to (Shing Ping Tucker, 2008), E-commerce is rapidly a growing segment in the internet.
X Windows is the foundation for the GUI choices in Linux, Lockergnome (1996-2005). Lockergnome (1996-2005) goes on to state that it was fashioned in the mid-1980s and that it is a core set of instructions for creating a GUI. X Windows or “X” is not the GUI itself, nor does it describe how the windows should be created. What it does do, according to Lockergnome (1996-2005, is provide a common set of instructions for developers to use when creating them.
Some systems use a conventional computer monitor to display the visual world. This sometimes called Desktop VR or a Window on a World (WoW). This concept traces its lineage back through the entire history of computer graphics. In 1965, Ivan Sutherland laid out a research program for computer graphics in a paper called "The Ultimate Display" that has driven the field for the past nearly thirty years.
In 1979 Apple II+ is introduced, available with 48K of memory and a new auto-start ROM for easier startup and screen editing for $1,195.
There are many different beginnings to the origins of computers. Their origins could be dated back more than two thousand years ago, depending on what a person means when they ask where the first computer came from. Most primitive computers were created for the purpose of running simple programs at best. (Daves Old Computers) However, the first ‘digital’ computer was created for the purposes of binary arithmetic, otherwise known as simple math. It was also created for regenerative memory, parallel processing, and separation of memory and computing functions. Built by John Vincent Atanasoff and Clifford Berry during 1937-1942, it was dubbed the Atanasoff Berry Computer (ABC).
In 1985 the company produced (in China) the first computer of its own design (the "Turbo PC").
Unannounced to Jobs Hewlett admired his initiative and gave him a summer at HP assembling frequency counter. In 1975 the first apple computer was created and officially sold to the public. At the time Jobs and his business partners where...
Computers lacked the power to operate on a GUI, or graphical user interface, system. A GUI is a windows and icons system, where the user clicks on icons to operate the computer. Computers of the time ran text interfaces requiring the user to understand commands and communicate with the computer through text prompts. This was not ideal for the average user because it took time to learn how to operate the device. Processes are individual piece...
The First Generation of Computers The first generation of computers, beginning around the end of World War 2, and continuing until around the year 1957, included computers that used vacuum tubes, drum memories, and programming in machine code. Computers at that time where mammoth machines that did not have the power our present day desktop microcomputers. In 1950, the first real-time, interactive computer was completed by a design team at MIT. The "Whirlwind Computer," as it was called, was a revamped U.S. Navy project for developing an aircraft simulator.
The Whirlwind computer had a video display that was controlled interactively by a light gun. The display attracted users much more than computer code. The Whirlwind computer became the basis for SAGE (Semi-Automatic Ground Environment), a defense command-and-control system developed for the Air force. In the 1960s Ivan Sutherland’s MIT doctoral thesis introduced a Sketchpad interactive drawing system, which established the theoretical groundwork for computer graphics software (Machover 14). In the mid-1960s, computer graphics was booming in private industry. General Motors had released DAC-1 a computer-aided design system, and Itek developed the Digigraphics electronic drafting machine. By the late 1960s the first storage-tube display terminals appeared, shortly followed by direct-view storage tube display terminals (DVST) which cost thousands of dollars; however this was an improvement to the tens to hundreds of thousands spent initially for display systems. In the 1970s Turnkey systems emerged, beforehand users had to develop software to make their hardware work however turnkey systems provided a haven to users from software issues. Bit-mapped raster displays developed as memory...
Computers have changed the way that the world works in many different ways. Some of these changes are positive and some of these changes have had negative effects on our lives. From an industrial standpoint most of these changes have been helpful to businesses and the economy. In the medical field computers have had an impact in many different areas, ranging from the way appointments are made to the carrying out of everyday tasks.