Fuel oil Systems;
Marine Engines are mainly designed to run on Low cost fuel such as Diesel Oil or Heavy Fuel Oil which contains high dense particles, waste residue and other contaminants.
These materials should not be pumped into the engine directly as they will damage the engine and decrease the efficiency. So first these materials are to be removed from the fuel oil and then the purified oil is supplied to the engine for better performance. So, this plays a very important role in the efficient functioning of the ship.
Generally for a cargo ship, the following components are essential to operate a Marine engine running on Heavy fuel oil or Diesel oil.
They are:
1. Storage tank
2. Settling tank
3. Heating Equipment
4. Heavy Fuel Oil Pumps
5. Filters and Centrifugal purification systems
6. Viscosity and flow regulator
7. Temperature and Pressure control systems
8. Supply tanks
9. Fuel injector
First, the loaded fuel is stored in the storage tank which is mostly situated in the Double bottom of the ship’s hull. If the double bottom is not sufficient, then a separate tank may be provided for the storage of the fuel. This fuel is then pumped to a settling tank which will allow the heavier contaminants to settle down and they are drained out. Simultaneously, the fuel is heated to decrease the viscosity and ease the flow through pumps. The fuel oil which is thus free from solid waste and less viscous is then pumped through filters. Then it is processed using centrifuge to get the pure fuel which can now be used to feed into the main engine. The processed fuel is sent through Viscosity and Flow regulator and also Temperature and Pressure control system to attain required pressure, temperature and viscosity for the engine. Then the fuel ...
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...ter for steam production.
3. Heating the Heavy fuel oil in the fuel oil system
4. For cooking purposes.
5. For heating the cargo in the holds(for tankers)
The boiler consists of mainly the following parts. They are:
1. A furnace which is used to burn the fuel to produce the heat required to generate steam,
2. Closed water system consisting of fresh water,
3. Feed water system to keep the quantity of water in the closed system constant,
4. Sea water cooling system,
5. An Exhaust pipe for the burnt hot gases and smoke to exit and
6. A turbine assembly with a shaft to generate power and also to drive the propeller mechanism.
Now a days, the diesel engines have replaced the steam engines due to the fact that they are compact and also are efficient. Still the boilers are used in ships for purposes other than power generation and propulsion.
The history of the diesel truck engines began why back in the late 19th century.
The olefins are also important for petrochemical industries due to their use as main building blocks for many for industrial and domestic applications.
One type of engine is a called a fuel cell. A fuel cell operates like a battery. Unlike a battery, a fuel cell does not run down or require recharging. It will produce energy in the form of electricity and heat as long as fuel is supplied. A fuel cell consists of two electrodes sandwiched around and electrolyte. Oxygen passes over one electrode and hydrogen over the other, generating electricity, water and heat. Hydrogen fuel is used to make all this work. Fuel cell emissions are nothing but water vapor.
The technology on the Titanic consisted of engines powered by steam, electrical systems, and wireless systems. In the ship there were two huge triple expansion engines and a Parson’s low steam pressure turbine. The engines were powered by steam that made by the 20 boilers in the Titanic. The low pressure turbine would be powered by steam and then the turbine’s propellers would drive the centre propeller of the titanic and create electricity for the ship to use. While the low pressure turbine powered the centre propeller, the triple expansion engines was used to drive the port and starboard wing propellers. However the triple expansion would re-use steam that would be wasted as exhaust and therefore using all of the energy from the steam. The titanic also had the most electrical systems ever seen in a ship. Such electricity systems would be elevators and electric gym equipment. The Titanic even had the
After the oil/gas mixture is drawn from the ground, it is then stored into a storage tank and allowed to rest for a while. Then the gas is piped off to a set of distillation columns to clean up the ethane. In order to activate the chemical reaction necessary to separate the ethane, a thermal cracking unit (a sort of long heated tube) i.e. a plug flow reactor is used. After a series of distillations, ethylene exits the tube.
The diesel engines combustion process is a little different than the typical gasoline engine. A couple main things that diesel engines have that gasoline engines do not are, carburetors and spark plugs. Unlike a gasoline engine, air is first allowed into the cylinder rather than a fuel and air mixture. Once the air is compressed it creates a source of heat, then a mist of fuel is injected to start the combustion process which then creates the energy. Since diesel engines do not have spark plugs they are able to take in larger amount of fuel, this obviously means there will be more power and will guarantee better efficiency. Another thing that is very important is that diesel tends to be a better lubricant than gasoline, being that it is a better lubricant there will be less friction which will generally increase the life of the engine (Woodford). Diesel engines operate at slower speeds than gasoline engines, therefore diesel engines tend to have longer lifespans than gasoline
1. Lorenzo’s parents used the scientific method to solve the situation of lorenzo dying by coming up will solution to his ALD problem and stayed up late every night for years straight just to find a cure for ald and to save their child and all the other kids that suffer from ald and save their lives and many other life that may yet come and suffer from ald
finding new ways to drill for oil and also refine it more efficiently to ensure that
...tion, machines were fueled by steam-engine which released large amount of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere. The wide usage of steam-powered locomotives and railroads only intensified the air pollution. But, without these exploitations, the world would never be as it is now. Without the developments such as the steam-engine, countries wouldn’t be able to develop machines that increase the productivity and lower the prices of goods.
Fuel is drawn from the tank by an in-tank or chassis-mounted fuel pump. The fuel pump is the device that draws the fuel from the fuel tank through the fuel lines, to the fuel filter and then to the engine’s carburetor or injectors. There are two types of fuel pumps: mechanical and electrical. The mechanical fuel pump is bolted on the side of the engine block or on the side of the cover of the timing gear.
The invention of internal combustion engines in the early 19th century has led to the discovery of utilisation of cheap energy that is petroleum and this enabled the world to develop and progress into the modern world today. Humans were able to accomplish more work done with little manual labour, using internal combustion engines powered by fossil fuels. Internal combustion engine are mechanical power devices that convert heat energy to mechanical energy with the combustion process taking place in a system boundary (Rolle, 2005). Among the internal combustion engine invented in the 19th century were the Otto engine, Diesel engine and gas turbine engine. Gas turbine engine is one of the popular engines used today due to its high torque per weight ratio relative to other types of internal combustion engines. As explained by Cengel and Boles (2011), the gas turbine engine works on a 6 stages process, namely air intake, compression, fuel injection, combustion, expansion and exhaust (refer to Figure 1 in Appendix 1).
» Downstream: significant refineries incorporate unrefined petroleum preparing and transport of items to retail outlets.
... temperature of 112 0C also and a pressure 2.5 bar. Cooling water is used to condense the vapor exiting column. Remaining methane and hydrogen are separated in reflux drum where the vapor stream is combined with other gases streams. The overhead of first and second separator are combined to form fuel gas. The liquid stream exiting in the bottoms of the reflux drum is pumped at pressure of 3.3 bar for discharging pressure. The pump stream is separated in two streams. One stream is to feed to tray one of the column and the other one stream is cooled down to 38 0C in heat exchanger. Then, the cooled product stream is sent to storage.
Diesel engines are a marvel of the world and have been since creation in 1892. Today there are several types of these engines including, two-stroke and four-stroke engines as well as the idea of how diesel engines operate. The diesel engine is a necessary component of the shipping industry as well as the daily lives of people.
The oil refinery converts crude oil into valuable products and supplies. These products are made and sent to many countries abroad, in which are transported on land or along rivers and canals. Crude oil is then arranged and categorized into segments by fractional distillation. Raw crude oil, or unprocessed crude oil, is not normally beneficial in most industrial applications. Low sulfur crude oil has been valuable as a burner fuel to construct steam for the force of seagoing vessels. The lighter elements have the ability to construct explosive and dangerous vapors in the gas tanks. There are extremely hazardous, and are often used in war ships. The remaining hydrocarbon molecules are filtered from crude oil and used towards lubricants, feedstock, plastics, and fuels.