Epilepsy can be divided into Protocadherin 19 Epilepsy, Frontal Lobe Epilepsy and Temporal Lobe Epilepsy subclasses based on the type of seizures occurring and the location of the seizure in the brain. The first subclass is Protocadherin 19 (PCDH19) Epilepsy and it is considered one of the most rare forms of epilepsy. This type of epilepsy is a deformity of the PCDH19 gene found in woman, this irregularity is only found in woman because the irregularity of the PCDH19 is only located in the X chromosome. Ten percent of females that have seizures before the age of five are at high risk of having this rare case of epilepsy. PCDH19 is located on both sides of the brain and causes a slow in development of the entire brain. The type of seizure …show more content…
This form of epilepsy arises in the frontal lobe of the brain which is located in the front part of the human brain. With the frontal lobe being the largest section of the brain, having this form of epilepsy can be a leading cause of attaining other sorts of brain complication. By having frontal lobe epilepsy the main type of seizure that occurs is the tonic-clonic seizure, also referred to as a grand mal seizure. These seizures have two stages, the first being a loss of consciousness and muscle tensing causing the person who is having the seizure to collapse, also a scream or moan is likely to occur during the loss of consciousness. While the first part of the seizure lasts only a couple moments the second aspect of the seizure can last for many minutes, during this phase of the seizure it is common for the muscles to relax then quickly contract back causing the body to thrash uncontrollably. Frontal lobe epilepsy “is a neurological disorder that is characterized by brief, recurrent seizures that arise in the frontal lobes of the brain, often while sleeping”. Frontal lobe epilepsy primarily is genetic, this disorder is referred to as autosomal dominant frontal lobe epilepsy (ADFLE). With this form of frontal lobe epilepsy the grand mal seizure occurs while sleeping. The seizures that occur while sleeping are due to genetic irregular brain tissue. The most common way to control these types of
that caused seizures, hemiparesis, and dementia normally in the first ten years of life. The seizures that
Rett syndrome is a progressive neurological disorder that affects almost exclusively in females. The most basic symptoms include decreased speech, cognitive disabilities, severe lack of muscle control, small head size, and unusual hand movements. A woman with a mutation in her MECP2 gene, has a 50% risk with any pregnancy to pass on her X chromosome with the mutation. It is not common for women with Rett syndrome to have children because the severity of the disorder. The mutated gene on the X chromosome that is responsible for causing Rett syndrome is the methyl CpG-binding protein 2, MECP2 gene. The gene makes a protein that controls other genes. When a mutation occurs in the MECP2, the protein it makes does not work properly. This is thought to counteract normal neuron, nerve cell development. The severity of the syndrome in females is related to the type of mutation in the MECP2 gene and the percentage of cells that carry a normal copy of the MECP2 gene. Rett syndrome is believed to affect all ethnic groups and nationalities with an equal frequency of about 1 case for every 10,000 to 15,000 live female births.
Epilepsy, also known as “seizure disorder,” or “seizure attack,” is the fourth most common neurological disorder known to mankind, affecting an estimated 2.3 million adults and 467,711 children in the United States. Unfortunately this disorder is becoming far more common and widespread worldwide. This staggering number of cases of people suffering from Epilepsy also involves an average growth rate of 150,000 new cases each year in the United States alone. Generally, many of the people who develop who are a part of the new are mainly either young children or older adults. Your brain communicates through chemical and electrical signals that are all specialized for specific tasks. However, through the process of communication, chemical messengers, also known as neurotransmitters can suddenly fail, resulting in what is known as a seizure attack. Epilepsy occurs when a few too many brain cells become excited, or activated simultaneously, so that the brain cannot function properly and to it’s highest potential. Epilepsy is characterized when there is an abnormal imbalance in the chemical activity of the brain, leading to a disruption in the electrical activity of the brain. This disruption specifically occurs in the central nervous system (CNS), which is the part of the nervous system that contains the brain and spinal cord. This causes an interruption in communication between presynaptic neurons and postsynaptic neurons; between the axon of one neuron, the message sender and the dendrite of another neuron, the message recipient. Consequently, the effects that epileptic seizures may induce may range anywhere from mild to severe, life-threatening ramifications and complications. There are many different types of seizures associa...
Epilepsy is a neurological disorder that affects the brain causing people to have seizures. A seizure is a big disruption of electrical communication between neurons, leading to the temporary release of excessive energy in a synchronized form Epilepsy is very unpredictable. Having a seizure disorder doesn't mean that you can only have one type of seizure. People can have many different types of seizures; it can vary on the person. In some cases depending on the type of seizures someone may have they can grow out of them. (“Epilepsy Foundation." What Is Epilepsy? N.p., n.d. Web. 09 May 2014.)
Damage to the frontal lobe cortex of the brain can cause difficulty in everyday activities. The frontal lobes role in people’s behavior includes executive processes, language, emotional expression and movement. Ryan Godfrey has difficulties in some areas of executive processes due to the damage tumors caused in his brain. Ryan and others with frontal lobe damage can benefit from knowing these deficits by taking steps to reduce their impact. The brain tends to compensate for damaged parts and a faith in God brings power to overcome deficits. Thus, behavioral difficulties for frontal lobe damaged patients are only a guideline not a box, for nothing is impossible for God to accomplish.
...s it as a term used for women whose seizures are influenced by their menstrual cycle and it goes on, through diagrams, to explain how this is possible. It looks at the effects of antiepileptic drugs and says that they can have an effect on the epilepsy patient's sexual functions and it elaborates on this. It says that ther needs to be a better understanding of the relationship between hormones and epilepsy in order to achieve the best outcomes. This source is extremely useful because it goes into a great amount of detail, using diagrams and giving long definitions of the different hormones and what role they play in the body. It is complex and very accurate and goes into depth about the information and provides a good understanding of the work. There is enough information in this source to be able to use it in my research essay and it will prove to be very useful.
Epileptic seizures vary in intensity and symptoms depending on what part of the brain is involved. In partial seizures, the most common form of seizure in adults, only one area of the brain is involved. Partial seizures are classified as simple partial, complex partial, and absence (or petit mal) seizures.
Many people with epilepsy usually have more than one type of seizure and may have other symptoms of neurological problems as well. The cause of epilepsy varies by age of the person, but the majority of the time the cause is unknown. Common causes of seizures by age in Elizabeth Otte’s case would be congenital conditions (Down’s syndrome; Angelman's syndrome; tuberous sclerosis and neurofibromatosis), genetics, head trauma, and progressive brain disease which is rare (Schechter & Shafer, Ltd., 2013, p.1). The diagnosis of epilepsy is based on medical history of the patients including family history of seizures. They ask several of questions to figure of what type of seizures the patients could possibly be suffering from. Doctors then preform test such as EEG, take blood, and study images of your brain. Epilepsy is treated by a neurologist specialist that may or may not subscribe medication depending on the severity and frequency of the seizures. Also treatment can be a change in the patients’ diet or
It was a cold, rainy day. I could see most of the kids at the bus stop had winter coats and hats. The clouds were particularly low in the sky. After evading the numerous puddles in the road, I reached the bus stop and walked up to a group of friends. A girl in my class spotted me and asked, "Are you going to the dance tomorrow?"
Epilepsy is characterized by uncontrolled excessive activity of either a part of, or all of the central nervous system. A person who is predisposed to epilepsy has attacks when the basal level of excitability of the nervous system rises above a certain critical threshold. As long as the degree of excitability is held below this threshold, no attack occurs. Basically, epilepsy can be classified into three major types: grand mal, petit mal, and focal or partial epilepsy.
Not everyone who has a seizure has epilepsy. Epilepsy is a chronic neurological disorder characterized by recurrent, unprovoked seizures. Unprovoked means that there is no immediate cause for the seizure, such as a fever, an infection of the brain, or head trauma. Nearly 10 percent of people will have a seizure during their lifetime; most of these are provoked seizures during an acute illness or condition. These people may never have epilepsy. There are two types of seizures people can have. One is partial seizure or focal they begin in one part of the brain. They cause varied symptoms auras which is a funny feeling in your stomach, staring, chewing, lip smacking, shaking, or stiffness in parts of the body. Generalized seizures are when the entire brain is effected. This causes loss consciousness. One type is grand mal is when the body stiffens and jerks. Another type is petit mal, which is momentary loss of consciousness without abnormal body movement. Some factors of this are infections of the brain this includes meningitis, encephalitis, and brain abscess. Strokes are also a risk of epilepsy. Also alcohol can cause seizures for heavy drinkers when they stop drinking abruptly (withdrawal seizures) and also have a good chance of epilepsy. Epilepsy can also cause brain tumors usually they are slow growing and don't affect them for years. Some other factors that cause epilepsy is age the risk of seizures is higher in young children. Also gender epilepsy is higher in males than in females. The most common treatment for epilepsy is the daily use of anticonvulsant or antiepilectic drugs to prevent seizures. These medications act on brain signals to limit hyperexcitability. While medications do not cure epilepsy, they allow many people to live normal, active lives. Other treatments are vagus nerve stimulation this treatment involves electronic stimulation of the brain using an implanted device like a pacemaker. Another is epilepsy surgery this is when a part of the brain that is causing the seizures is removed so that it prevents it from spreading to anther part of the brain.
Seizures occur because of sudden surge of electrical activity in the brain. This cause is a temporary and disturbed in the messaging system between brain cells. Epilepsy may occur as a result of a genetic disorder or n acquired brain injury, such as trauma or stroke. There are four different kinds of seizures that can occur. Simple partial seizure, which is when the patient is conscious during the seizure in most cases, and the patient, is aware of his/her surrounding even when the seizure is in progress. Complex partial seizure is when the patient is conscious is impaired. The patient will generally not remember the seizure and if he/she does the recollection of it will be vague. Generalized seizure is when both halves of the brain have epileptic activity and the patient conscious is loss. Secondary generalized seizure is when epileptic activity starts as a partial seizure but then spread to both halves of the brain. The main symptom of epilepsy is repeated seizures. But, there are other symptoms such as short spells or black out or confused memory, panic or become fearful, repetitive movement that seem inappropriate, short period the person is unresponsive to instructions or questions etc.… There is no cure for epilepsy but overtime you can help it get better or find ways to adjust to it. You can also take medication, gob through surgery etc.… Epilepsy was a main point in the book because the main character Lia Lee was diagnosed with it. Her culture believed that it was a blessing rather than a disorder. Because of her culture it was impossible for Lia to be treated the way she supposed to be treated. Her parents did take her to get treatment and medication but they also utilized traditional healing methods. The family believed that little medicine and treatment was okay but not too much or that would stop the spiritual healing. In our presentation we talked
The phenomenon of sleep paralysis can be a frightening experience: many who suffer can feel tremendous anxiety and fear, even though occurrences are considered as harmless as a bad dream. The disorder does not discriminate on the basis of race or gender, but age sometimes is a factor. Treatment for sleep paralysis is limited; in general, doctors treat the disorders linked to sleep paralysis such as sleep apnea or narcolepsy. Sleep paralysis continues to be one of the many mysteries of the human brain, which science will continue to investigate.
Frontal Lobe Syndrome Although volumetrically the frontal lobes are the largest portion of the brain their function remains somewhat elusive (Jacobs, 2005). Even neuropsychologists have a difficult time creating test that accurately test frontal lobe functioning. We do know however, that the frontal lobes are involved in the storage of memories, concentration, abstract thought, judgment, and self control. The frontal lobe lies directly behind our forehead (NINDS, 2005)