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Impact of the Renaissance Florence
Renaissance art italy 1400 -1600 ad
Chapter 1 section 1:the renaissance in italy
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The Italian Renaissance begins 1350. The last Visconti ruler of Milan dies 1447. Michelangelo finishes The Sistineth Chapel 1512.The Book of the City of Ladies is written 1404. Charles VIII leads an army into Italy 1494. The Thirty Years' War Begins 1618. The Glorious Revolution 1688. Peter the Great dies 1725. Europe's economy begins to decline 1560. The Salem Witch Trials 1692. Identify two cause and effects of five different events.Italy in the 1300s was alive with trade and international communication
Art and architecture from various parts of the world arrives in Italy, leading to spread of new ideas.
Religious fanatic ideas decline replaced by art and philosophy
A new secular society blooms more focused on economy and government over religion and propriety. The last Visconti ruler of Milan dies.
After the death of the Visconti Italy became disconcert and their unity faltered.
This made the way for Francesco Sforza to later conquer Milan, becoming the new duke.
Francesco Sforza hired a multitude of mercenaries (soldiers who sold their services to the highest bidder)
The mercenaries allowed power to remain in the hands of Sforza, creating a centralized state. Furthermore, it created an efficient tax system, and generated a enormous amount of revenues for the government. The Thirty Years' War Begins.
Fighting began in Germany causing mass destruction.
Rival armies destroyed the German countryside as well as entire towns. Germany would not be united for 200 years.
The Peace of Westphalia officially ended the war in Germany in 1648. The victors gained new territories.
France emerged as a dominant nation in Europe. Making way for Frances systematic development. Europe's economy begins to decline.
Europe's population begins to grow in the sixteenth century. This population growth causes inflation.
Inflation increases prices, and the demand for land and food drove up prices for both.
Economic slowdown caused Spain's dependence on imported silver.
The mines produced less silver, fleets were subject to pirate attacks, and the loss of Muslim and Jewish artisans and merchants hurt the economy. The Glorious Revolution
Monarchy became the new form of government in England.
In January 1689, offered the throne to William and Mary who excepted it along with Bill of Rights.
Parliament granted approval of the Toleration Act of 1689.
This act granted puritans the right to free public worship. Few english citizens would be prosecuted for their religion from then on.
The Renaissance began after Europe began recovering from the Black Death. Anyone who had survived was just happy to be alive and started focusing more on material things, rather than religious ones. Another reason the focus shifted from religious thoughts was because of the Great Schism. People began second guessing their rulers and religious leaders and became more secular. One important city involved in the Renaissance was Florence, which would come to be known as the cultural center of the Renaissance. Florence was located in Tuscany and was ruled by merchants originally, but was later taken over by a wealthy family known as the Medicis. Later, however, the economy began to decline, which made the people turn to a man known as Savonarola. Savonarola, however, was an extremely strict ruler and did not allow such things as gambling or painting. He then went on to criticize the Pope and was sentenced to death for heresy. The Medici family then gained back control. These power struggles within Italy would lead to better trade which would help lead to people having a new, better way of life.
In addition, having lost the war, the humiliated Germans were forced by the Allies to sign the Treaty of Versailles in 1919 that officially ended World War I. According to the harsh terms of the treaty, Germany had to hand over many of its richest industrial territories to the victors, and was made to pay reparations to the Allied countries it devastated during the war. Germany lost its pride, prestige, wealth, power, and the status of being one of Europe's greatest nations. (Resnick p. 15)
Contributing to the final outcome, many diverse factors played significant parts. The highly conflicted estate system combined with the unfortunate financial outcomes of a weak monarch producing an imbalanced society with constant bickering. As the manufacturing depression compiled with the enlightenment, the revolutionary action was ignited. Finally, when a financial reform did take place, due to the nobility’s refusal to corporate led to an even larger financial disaster. As all of these factors came together, the end-result was The French Revolution.
The Renaissance started in Italy in the 14th century. It was referred to as the “rebirth” because it brought back attention to art and science. The Middle-Ages was really religion-dominated. The Renaissance turned the attention to being an individual and worldly experiences; they were the main themes of the Renaissance art movement. Art benefited from the patronage of such influential groups as Medici family of Florence, the Sforza family of Milan and the Popes Julius II and Leo X. This movement helped art become more sophisticated. Many ideas from the renaissance art movement spread to different parts of Europe.
For one, the monarchy was making decisions not in the favour of its people and inevitably leading the French to its death. The wealthy didn’t have to pay taxes that were unfair and brought down the middle class. 97% of French were middle class and struggled to survive. In Europe the quality of life was determined by the status you held, and to get an upper class status you had to be born into it. You couldn’t earn a higher status no matter how hard you tried.
Italian Renaissance followed soon after the Middle Ages. It was the time of discovery and the revival of a new age—known as The Golden Age. The Renaissance witnessed the great discovery, exploration and inventions. This era was introduced by the birth of the philosophy of humanism, which highlighted the significance of individual accomplishment in a broad range of fields. However, it also had a dark side full of corruption, greed and scandal.
With the armistice that took effect November 11,1918, the Great War had come to an end, four long years after it had begun. The German military machine had lost the war, and with it, hopes of German dominance in European affairs. Utterly defeated, the new German government (the Kaiser had abdicated at the end of the war) had no choice but to comply with the conditions of the Treaty of Versailles, despite the fact that Germany was allowed no say in the terms of the treaty. As a result of this treaty, Germany was stripped of all her colonial possessions as well as valuable continental territories, most importantly, Alsace-Lorraine, the Saar, and the Polish Corridor. Her armed forces were restricted to 100,000 men, and restricted from occupying the Rhineland. Furthermore, Germany was held responsible for the war and therefore had to pay reparations for all d...
Germany's embarrassment after losing World War I was one of the major reasons for the cause of the Holocaust. After Germany's defeat in World War I, Germans found it hard to believe they had lost the war. The Treaty of Versailles was a document that officially ended military actions against Germany. Germans did not like this treaty because their government would have to pay other countries for their economic losses. Germany also lost all of its colonies overseas. It had to give back provinces to France, Belgium, and Denmark. France got German coal mines and Gdansk, now a city in Poland, became a "free city." Poland gained most of Western Prussia and Germany's Rhineland was demilitarized, although allied troops occupied it for fifteen years
The Renaissance was a time period that began in the fourteen hundreds up to the seventeen hundreds following the Middle Ages. This new period regenerated interests in the classical past, as well as gave rebirth to a new creative era. A new era that brought forth the ideas of humanism and Neo-Platonism, as well as new techniques in the fields of art and literature. However, the question is, how did all these new ideas and inventions spread throughout the world?
The Renaissance was the rebirth of Europe and it all started in the city of Florence. Florence and everything that made a standard Renaissance city: painters, sculptors, writers, architects, and a vivid culture. Soon all of Europe would follow in Florence’s footsteps and “the setting is so rich, varied, rambunctious, and inventive as Italy in the Renaissance” (Cohen 1). The painters and sculptors defined Renaissance culture and could actually make a living because they were being sponsored.
The renaissance and the reformation are the beginning of the golden age of Europe. Many economic, religious, and cultural changes occurred during this time period. The economic and cultural rise of Italian city-states, the recentralization of government in northern Europe, and the separation of the Roman Catholic Church into different Catholic and Protestant groups were important achievements for Europe during this time. The renaissance and the reformation were not only the beginning of the modern western world, but also set the stage for the European rise in global colonization, which gave way to the birth of our glorious nation.
Germany, for a better part of its history, had been home to around 40 free cities and city-states controlling the area between France and Russia. Attempts at unifying these separate but connected states have been made quite often and often with the same results: failure. Those in control of these cities and states knew that a unified German empire would have no need of all these princes and kings, and so many obstacles blocked the path to unification. Another issue facing unification was the split “ownership” of Germany between Prussia and Austria, two nations that had helped join the cities and states into a loose confederation.
“Treaty of Westphalia.” 1648. TS. Lillian Goldman Law Library, New Haven. The Avalon Project - Documents in Law, History and Diplomacy. Web. 17 Nov. 2015.
European society drastically changed from the 14th through the 16th centuries. The Thirty Year’s War was drastically significant to reformation and it winded great majority of European Powers involved in constant warfare. In times like these, struggles were of course inevitable, thus igniting a rebellion of religious controversy that eventually led to political complications, clashes between dominating powers, along with the raised spike of conflict due to greed. Wars of religion and the clash of worldviews also ignited rapid social changes along with a just as rapid rapid population increase; these reformations convicted the changes in religion, economic conditions, and the overall disposition of the populace were the main substantial factors
Prior to unification in 1871 the territory that would become Germany was comprised of thirty-nine independent states and city states joined together in a loose German Confederation. The most powerful among these states was Prussia, both geographically the largest state and that with the largest population. The influential politicians and policies that came out of Prussia were instrumental in the gradual formation of a united Germany. Beginning with the rise of Napoleon, the nineteenth century was a time of incredible change which dramatically altered the political balance of Europe. In order to understand the factors that culminated in official German unification on January 18 1871, it is necessary to examine the preceding decades. No single factor can be credited for the unification of the German states. Rather, the combined forces of social change, economic strength within a unified customs union, the moral justifications provided by nationalism, Bismarck’s careful manipulation of internal politics and the advantages gained through military action resulted in the unification of Germany.