INTRODUCTION
Frog is one of the animals which live on the land and in the fresh water. Frogs are distinguished from other reptiles and fishes by their specific features. Generally, frogs are categorised in kingdom of Animalia, phylum of Chordata, subphylum of Vertebrata, class of Amphibia, order of Anura and family of Ranidae (Amsel, 2014). The common species of frog found is Rana tigrina. Frog is actually one of the poikilotherms animals or known as cold blooded animals. Frogs do not have constant temperature of the body as their body temperature depends on the external temperature (Prosser & Nelson, 1981). Frogs can protect themselves from predators by camouflaging due to their smaller sizes. Frogs have streamlined body and have feet with the webbed digits which enable them to swim. They have different skin colours depending on the species and the habitat. The dorsal part of the common frog is green with the presence of black spots while the ventral part is lighter. The body of the frog is consists of two parts which are trunk and head (Bolton, 2014). In fact, frog does not have the tail and neck as they turn into adult. The head is consists of the two nostrils and laterally protruded eyes covered with nictitating membrane while the trunk consist of two pairs of limbs that are used for locomotion.
Respiration generally is the process of transport of oxygen and the carbon dioxide. Generally, oxygen enters the lung by inhalation while the carbon dioxide expels from the lung by exhalation (Johnson, 2012). In amphibians such as frog, skins and lung are respiratory organs that involve in respiration process.
However, circulation system involves blood that plays a major role in transportation of oxygen and nutrients to all parts of ...
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... eliminates most of their carbon dioxide through the skin. Under the certain condition, for example when this animal is under water, the skin is also serve as the site of oxygen uptake. Mackean (n. d) stipulated that when the frog is inactive, the skin can absorb an adequate amount of oxygen needed by the frog.
On the other hand, the frog must use their throats, nostrils and mouths together to inhale or exhale the gases as they lack of diaphragm to help them regulate their pressure in their lungs (Miller, n. d). Cutaneous respiration is actually more significant than pulmonary ventilation in frog during winter as their metabolisms are slow. Moreover, frogs have others surfaces of respiration besides their skin which is the moist lining of the mouth. This respiratory lining is used constantly when the mouth of the frog is not completely submerged in the water.
The respiratory system is the system for taking in oxygen and giving off carbon dioxide in organisms. The respiratory systems of California sea lions, king cobras, and bald eagles have a few similarities and differences, but they all allow the intake of oxygen for each organism.
Cephalopods are known to be exceptionally intelligent by invertebrate standards and in some respects even rival “higher” vertebrates. These animals have many highly evolved sensory and processing organs that allow them to gain a greater understanding of their environment and their place within it. Due to their advanced structures, many of which are analogous to vertebrate structures, and abilities they have been widely studied. Their methods of learning have been of prime interest and many experiments have been conducted to determine the different ways in which octopuses can learn. From these experiments four main kinds of learning have been identified in octopuses: associative learning, special learning,
The frog’s back is usually textured with coarse tubercles. Its fingers are thinly webbed while the hind foot is more developed. Large disks exist on the fingers and toes to assist with climbing and sticking to objects (Dickerson, 1969). The male and female Grey Tree Frogs are very similar. They are distinguished by the male having a dark underside of his throat. Also the females ears are smaller then the males (Dickerson, 1969).
The cardiovascular system - The cardiovascular system is responsible for transporting nutrients and removing gaseous waste from the body. It consists of the heart, which powers the whole process, the veins, arteries, and capillaries, which deliver oxygen to tissue at the cellular level. The cardiovascular system carries blood that is low in oxygen away from the heart to the lungs via arteries, where oxygen levels are restored through the air once oxygenated, this blood is then carried throughout the body via arteries, keeping our organs and tissue alive. The cardiovascular system is the workhorse of the body, continuously moving to push blood to the cells. If this important system ceases its work, the body dies.
The human lungs are a pair of large, sponge like organs that are optimised for gas exchange between the blood and oxygen. The human body requires oxygen in order to survive and function. The lungs are responsible for providing vital oxygen while also removing the carbon dioxide before hazardous levels are reached within the body.
It is when much needed oxygen is obtained by the body in order for respiration to take place and the waste CO2 is taken out of the body. In us mammals, the exchange takes place in the lungs which contain a large number of alveoli. These are sponge-like structures in which the diffusion takes place. They are highly adapted to diffuse the gases as they give a large surface area for exchange of the gases.
The lungs are a vital part of the respiratory system, a group of organs and tissues that work together to help humans breathe. The system’s main job is to move fresh air into the body while removing waste gases. Lungs are important because every cell in the body needs oxygen to live. The air we breathe contains oxygen and other gases. Once in the lungs, oxygen is moved into the bloodstream and carried throughout the human body. The bloodstream then carries the waste gas back to the lungs where it is removed from the blood stream and then exhaled. The lungs and respiratory system automatically perform this vital process, called gas exchange (American Lung Association). Lungs contain millions of air sacs called alveoli. With each breath,
The airway includes the nose, mouth, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, and bronchioles. It carries air between the lungs and the outside elements that surround the body. The lungs are the functional units of the respiratory system and they act as such. They pass oxygen into the body and remove carbon dioxide from the body. Then there are the muscles of respiration. These muscles include the diaphragm and intercostal muscles. They work simultaneously as a pump, pushing air into and out of the lungs during breathing.
The Respiratory System 1. Define respiration. Respiration is the process of converting glucose to energy, which goes to every cell in the body. 2. Describe the organs of external respiration.
Here, deep in the lungs, oxygen diffuses through the alveoli walls and into the blood in the capillaries and gaseous waste products in the blood—mainly carbon dioxide—diffuse through the capillary walls and into the alveoli. But if something prevents the oxygen from reaching t...
The circulatory system and respiratory system share a highly important relationship that is crucial to maintaining the life of an organism. In order for bodily processes to be performed, energy to be created, and homeostasis to be maintained, the exchange of oxygen from the external environment to the intracellular environment is performed by the relationship of these two systems. Starting at the heart, deoxygenated/carbon-dioxide (CO2)-rich blood is moved in through the superior and inferior vena cava into the right atrium, then into the right ventricle when the heart is relaxed. As the heart contracts, the deoxygenated blood is pumped through the pulmonary arteries to capillaries in the lungs. As the organism breathes and intakes oxygenated air, oxygen is exchanged with CO2 in the blood at the capillaries. As the organism breathes out, it expels the CO2 into the external environment. For the blood in the capillaries, it is then moved into pulmonary veins and make
The Circulatory System is a transportation and cooling system for the body. The Red Blood Cells act like billions of little mail men carrying all kinds of things that are needed by the cells, also RBC's carry oxygen and nutrients to the cells. All cells in the body require oxygen to remain alive. Also there is another kind of cells called white blood cells moving in the system. Why blood cells protect from bacteria and other things that are harmful. The Circulatory system contains vein arteries, veins are used to carry blood to the heart and arteries to carry the blood away. The blood inside veins is where most of the oxygen and nutrients are and is called deoxygenated and the color of the blood is dark red. However, blood in the arteries are also full of oxygen but is a bright red. The main components of the circulatory system are the heart, blood, and blood vessels.
Most reptiles have ventricles that are mostly separated, but still allow right to left shunting of the blood. Crocodiles have ventricles that are completely separated, but can still shunt blood between the pulmonary and systemic circuits (Axellson, Franklin). This shunting can be completed using the foramen of Panizza, which allows and regulates blood flow from either the left or right ventricle into the left or right aorta. Blood flows from the left ventricle to the right aorta, dorsal aorta, right subclavian artery and the common carotid artery. The right ventricle moves blood into the pulmonary trunk which then separates blood into the left and right pulmonary arteries (Axellson, Franklin). During diving, crocodiles develop a slight bradycardia and develop a right to left shunt once right ventricular pressure rises to a certain threshold. Resting rates of oxygen consumption are maintained and muscular lactate levels do not increase (Grigg). This ability to dive for extended periods of time is made possible by right to left shunting by way of the foramen of Panizza, in addition to the ability to maintain muscular lactate levels. Crocodilian hearts have the ability to keep oxygenated and deoxygenated blood within the heart. Blood pressures are also kept higher in the systemic circuit than the pulmonary circuit (Grigg). These heart adaptations are not seen in other reptiles, but rather in mammalian and avian
Frogs live on every continent except Antarctica, but tropical regions have the largest amount. Like all amphibians, frogs spend half their lives near water because they must return to the water to lay their eggs. Frogs live underwater mostly when the are growing up to be an adult frog and when they are laying their eggs. When they hatch under water they are tadpoles and the breath with gills and swim using a tail. As they mature they loose their tail and they develop to be able to breathe air. During an extensive period of heat, a drought, frogs can enter a period of damancy similar to hibernation called starvation. Most of the frogs live in tropical and semitropical regions, most species of frogs breed in the spring or in early summer. Although the different species my vary in size and color, mostly all frogs have basic body structure. They have large hind legs, short front legs and flat head and body with no neck.
The roles of the circulatory and respiratory system both carry important responsibilities and are essential in their jobs to the human body. The circulatory system is one, if not the, most important system in the human body. The circulatory system is made up of the heart, blood, and blood vessels. Within the blood vessels, there are three types: arteries, veins, and capillaries. The heart is an organ made up of cardiac muscle that has a role similar to a pump. When the muscles in the heart contract, it pumps fresh blood away from the heart, through a main artery called the aorta, and to the organs and cells of the body. Nutrients and oxygen then enter the cells through diffusion of the tissues. The respiratory system transports oxygen to the circulatory system. When transporting oxygen to the circulatory system, this will in turn transport oxygen to the rest of the cells in the body. Aside from transporting oxygen to the body, the respiratory system also plays a role in the removal of carbon dioxide and other contaminants in the body. These two systems effectively and efficiently work together in order to supply the body with oxygen and remove carbon dioxide and any other