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settlers in native america
colonization in native american communities
settlers in native america
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The French and the Spanish both had a great impact on the Native Americans hundreds of years ago. The Spanish arrived at Alta California where they planned to establish 21 missions along the coast from San Diego to Santa Rosa. Their main goal was to convert Native Californians into Catholic peasants. On the other hand, the French were eager to colonize the northern country. The French wanted the beavers’ valuable fur, but the Indians were much better at hunting them down than they were at it. This worked out well, since it gave the Indians something to trade with the settlers who desired the beaver fur. In the two articles, one entitled Franciscan Missions in Alta California, by Kent G. Lightfoot, and the other entitled The Fur Trade and New France to 1676 (Prologue), by Claiborne A. Skinner, each author is able to describe what life was like in these missions/ports during this time period. …show more content…
These Franciscans were very systematic when it came to placing each building in order to create a substantial enculturation mechanism. Lightfoot states, “The mission complexes were self-contained agrarian communities encompassing a complex infrastructure of religious buildings, craft shops, storage facilities, dormitories, aqueducts, and structures for processing grains, fruits, and meat” (Lightfoot, 80). However, outside of these churches and conventos was where the Indian neophytes lived and worked. Those that came were required to be laborers in craft production as well as agriculture; they were the missions’ economic
In the early 1700's, the country of Spain sent many explorers to the western world to claim land and find riches. When California was founded by several Spanish explorers, like Cabrillo, and De Anza, Spain decided to send missionaries to build missions. There are a total of 21 missions built in California. Mission Santa Ines was the 19th mission and was built to share the European God with the Indians and how to eat and dress like Europeans. Father Tapis wanted to make the Indians Christians and civilize them as well as keep and claim land for Spain. The missions were built near harbors, bays or rivers so the towns could grow the needed crops to survive, and to bring more Europeans, and show the Indians more European ways. The Indians built the missions under the supervision of the padres along El Camino Real, the Royal Road, where there was a water supply for the mission gardens and crops. The first mission built along El Camino Real was built in 1769, and the mission period lasted 54 years with the last mission built in 1823.
Beginning in the mid sixteenth century, French explorers were able to establish a powerful and lasting presence in what is now the Northern United States and Canada. The explorers placed much emphasis on searching and colonizing the area surrounding the St. Lawrence River “which gave access to the Great Lakes and the heart of the continent”(Microsoft p?). They began exploring the area around 1540 and had early interactions with many of the Natives, which made communication easier for both peoples when the French returned nearly fifty years later. The French brought a new European desire for fur with them to America when they returned and began to trade with the Indians for furs in order to supply the European demands. The Natives and the French were required to interact with each other in order to make these trades possible, and, over time, the two groups developed a lasting alliance. However, the French began to face strong competition in the fur trading industry, which caused many problems between different European nations and different native tribes. Therefore, the trading of fur allowed early seven- teenth century French explorers to establish peaceful relations with the Natives, however, com- petitive trading also incited much quarreling between competing colonies and Indian tribes.
In the mid 1800’s trade with Native Americans in the North West was extremely popular. One of the names associated with early trade in the North West is Hudson’s Bay Company. Hudson’s Bay was an English company that would trade goods to the indigenous people for furs, provisions, and other things. Trade with Native Americans was extremely popular during this time because the Native Americans desperately wanted what the Europeans had. That is why I think that the Europeans were benefited more by this trade agreement then the indigenous people of the North West.
The Effect of the Spanish, French and British on Indian Culture in North America The life styles of the Indians of the Americas changed greatly over time, almost completely influenced by Western culture. Each of the different Western civilizations affected the Indian tribes very differently. This is partly due to the reasons why they came to the "New World." The British came primarily for land due to their fast population growth and partially for a new economic venture. The French came for furs and luxuries that only Indians and the untamed land could provide. They created trading posts and shipped these commodities back to the mainland.
“To discover, understand, and encounter the cultures and intricate natures of the California Indian people, it is necessary to search the past” –Nancy Wahl. Tracing back in California history, Spanish explorers, commanded by Juan Rodríguez Cabrillo, found the tip of what is now Baja California in the year 1533 and named it "California" after a mythical island in a popular Spanish novel. It is evident that from the time Spanish monarchs set foot in California, the world as Native Americans knew it was never the same again. The late 1700s initiated and marked the colonization of Spaniards in the “Golden State” which in turn provoked the massive persecution and extermination of Native American population as well as the disappearance of Native heritage and culture. As a result, the recurring despairs and adversities of the Indian population began.
Sokolow, Jayme A. The Great Encounter: Native Peoples and European Settlers in the Americas, 1492-1800. Armonk: M.E. Sharpe, 2003.
France pushed westward in pursuit of its one valuable resource, the beaver. European fashion setters valued beaver fur hats for their warmth and luxurious appearance. Demands for the fur grew. French voyageurs even recruited Indians into the fur business in order to help with the hunt. French fur-trappers and their Indian partners ranged from all over North America in pursuit of the beaver. They hiked, rode, snow shoed, sailed, and paddled across astonishing distances and ever deeper into the heart of the continent.
3) Fur Trade: French fur-trappers ranged over the woods and waterways of North America in pursuit of beaver.
What were the major patterns of Native American life in North America before Europeans arrived? North America was quite advance for its time. It consisted of large scale trade network, well irrigated, many thruways, cities and huge structures. The Indians were quite primitive when comparison to the Europeans gadgets. How did Indian and European ideas of freedom differ on the eve of contact? Europeans thought the Indians were too liberated and lacked organization while the Indians believed more in community and kinship structure building. What impelled European explorers to look west across the Atlantic? The reason for their exploration across the west is due to imports and export and to spread religion to foreign countries. What happened when
The French were one of the first to explore the New World in the last half of the 16th century. King Henry IV of France sent an expedition, led by Samuel de Champlain, to secure exclusive fur trade routes and agreements with the native Indians near the St. Lawrence in present day Canada. In this endeavor, trading posts were built in an area known as “New France”. The native Montagnais tribe were quick to realize the importance the French and other Europeans placed on beaver pelts and for their own benefit, they began “withholding furs to force the Europeans to compete for them” (Anderson, 8). Eventually, the French and the Montagnais’ came to an understanding through an alliance that gave the French exclusive control of the fur trade in exchange for their promise to fight with the Montagnais and their allies against their enemies, the Mohawks.
The Europeans arrived at the continent of North America and began to colonize. The Europeans arrival to the area that would become modern day Canada was a cataclysmic event. Their initial impact consisted of the fur trade and the destruction of resources as a result of the fur trade. Trading led to long term alcohol abuse among some Native tribes, increasing dependency on trade, and negative effects for the generations to follow. During Trade they also brought diseases which would eradicate entire tribes from the country. A dependency on the Europeans was developed from trading, forcing the Native American’s to allow missionaries to their settlements. After they tried religion, political and sociological ideas were implemented and carried out
In the 18th century, the Age of Exploration affected the way people lived dramatically, as demonstrated in The Mission. The Spanish Jesuits go on a Mission to convert the Guaraní Indians into Christians. These Indians live in the jungle above the Iguazu Falls in South America. The Guaraní were affected by this Mission. They were able to build communities, churchs, and homes. The Guaraní Indians were able to learn how to read and write, as well as learning each other’s languages. They created a plantation for themselves to be self-sufficient. 9 out of 10 percent of the profits they made from the plantation went back into the community. The Spanish Jesuits were also able to provide protection for the Guaraní from the slave trade. However, there were also negative effects to the Age of Exploration. The Treaty of Madrid
In the 1400’s European countries had been thrusted into overseas expansion in the fever for land and gold. All throughout Europe, monarchies had sent explorers all over the world to conquer land for their country. Each country had conquered and colonized in various styles, but each had a specific goal that they wanted to achieve. During the European colonization of the Americas or the New World, both the Spanish and the French spread the idea of Catholicism throughout the Americas, however the Spanish believed in treating the Native Americans in a harsher way by enslaving them for labor whereas the French established trade relationships.
During the 1600s to 1700s, the Spanish were settling Texas. They did this by building missions and presidios throughout the land. The purpose was to keep the French out and to change the Indians' ways of life. Some of these missions failed and some succeeded. All in all they were closed after years of trying to change the Indians.
By the 1570’s the Spanish had established roughly 200 cities and towns in the New World. Being crown-sponsored conquests gained riches for Spain and expanded its empire. Conquistadores, soldiers, and missionaries were the primary Spanish colonization. Farmers and traders came later on. The Spanish colonies were governed by crown appointed governors. Spanish settlers had to obey the king’s laws and they could not make any laws of their own. Spanish settlers were strictly Catholics: those who were Protestants were persecuted and driven away. As for the economy, it was largely a trading company with some farming in the West. Commerce was controlled by the Spanish board or trade, with regulations to enforce by the Spanish military. The Spanish and French colonies were alike in slow growth. Though the cause for the Spanish slow growth was caused by many factors including; poor relations with the Native Americans. Spanish missionaries saw the Natives as heathens and soldiers viewed them as fit only for killing. In which the French had an equitable