There are four political theories that have taken shape throughout time.
Each theory addresses the question of who holds power and the influences in the public. The theories include; The Pluralists Theory of Democracy,Hyper-pluralism, Elite Pluralism, and the Traditional theory. Although each theory is completely different, they all exhibit the common idea;people, either as individuals or groups, can make a difference in government. The Pluralism theory has an affect on many aspects of America; Military spending, Education, and Healthcare for the elderly. The pluralist Theory denotes that people with common interests form organized groups to promote their causes and influence the political agenda. This theory maintains that no single group, industry, or government agency dominates politics.
The pluralist theory has the biggest affect on education. Pluralism plays a huge part in education. The pluralistic view is shared widely among the united states school system. It is taught from Pre-kindergarten through college.
Pre-kindergarten exhibits the pluralistic theory. As early as the age of four and five, we teach them how to look at America. In 1989 Barbara Thomson instructed a class of four and five years old to “look beyond physical appearances”. Thompson placed in front of the kids two boxes. One box was new and shiny with a ribbon, while the other box was old and dirty with a torn wrapper. The kids went for the new box, when asked why, they stated, “that because the box was old and nasty they believed that something yucky was inside.” When the children opened the new box, they found garbage, upon opening the old box they recovered a group snack. The discussion which followed this activity promoted the idea that childre...
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...o mind for that descriptor. Sheets were collected and responses written on the blackboard. Questions which followed included: "Which group received the most positive associations?" "The most negative?" "Why?" It seems few questions needed to be asked to precipitate discussion. Students subsequently expressed their hurt, fears and anger about prejudice from this activity and in their lives. Both students and faculty participating in this group rated the overall experience as highly positive. (Lasenza & Trout, 1990).
The pluralist theory is exhibited every where throughout our education system, you can find it anywhere from Pre-K to college campuses. Pluralism plays a major part in the education system from teaching four and five year olds to look beyond appearance or holding small groups it get connected with different races, it plays apart, and it matters.
... to make them clear and emphasize their importance. Collective efficacy and cultural heterogeneity are present in our communities each day and have shaped who we have become and our cultural choices to get to university and such theories continue to mold young minds everyday.
Eck, Diana L. “From Diversity to Pluralism” The Pluralism Project at Harvard University. Harvard University, 2011. Web. 10 Oct. 2011.
When the word “prejudice” is mentioned in public conversation, undertones of anger and unfairness usually accompany it. Prejudice is often defined as a predetermined opinion not based on fact,experience, or knowledge. Many acts of inequalities and discriminative wrong-doings in history can be traced back to being a result of prejudice.So what place does a concept with such a negative connotation have in an institution of higher education where students and faculty of varying cultures and backgrounds come together to learn? Instinctively, a good number of people would answer that prejudice and its negative consequences have no place in such an environment. However, a contradicting opinion is expressed in an article written by Jonathan Rauch titled “In Defense of Prejudice” . In this article, Rauch expresses his dissatisfaction with the
First, I will discuss the influences of different definitions of diversity in cultural unification. The major problem concerning this issue is that many people differ in the real meaning of the concept and how they view their personal involvement. Brook argues that “we do not really care about diversity all that much in America, even though we talk about it a great deal” (306). However, they are the general, erroneous interpretations of diversity that are really creating this wrong image of indifference. According to Kira Hudson Banks in her research entitled “A Qualitative Investigation of Students’ Perceptions of Diversity,” many people defined diversity as race and do not include other types of diversity (153).
The following interesting thing is that Schlesinger mentioned that the self-esteem oriented teaching method would cause more conflict between each ethnic group. And once every ethnic and religious group claims a right or veto anything that is taught in public schools, cultural pluralism becomes ethnocentrism and any political motives behind them cannot be disguised anymore.
Through the texts and readings we covered this year, we saw many connections, through Beowulf, Poetry from the Exeter Book to Macbeth. Just with these few readings we can infer a lot. We do not read Macbeth or Beowulf and see acts or paragraphs describing the ways of politics and social beliefs of these people at the time, but through the stories and the fact that they are being recorded, can tell us a lot of what was important to them.
Throughout Federalist 10, James Madison argues that we must allow people to separate into groups according to their needs and beliefs regarding the political system of our country. These factions will protect interests and create an elevated government comprised of the most knowledgeable and educated men to protect the citizenry. His arguments reflect his status as a wealthy and educated landowner that must protect himself in the face of the common people. I will argue that Madison’s argument is flawed, which he alludes to in his writing, because he neglects to acknowledge that people are self-interested and therefore, morally corrupt. This self-interest will be the downfall of Madison’s government as private interests take root and the will of the people is ignored in all places but elections.
The Constitution was made to be the code by which all Americans had to live by. It set up the laws that we, as Americans, were to live by in the United States. The law is the set of rules that we live by. The Constitution is the highest law. It belongs to the United States. It belongs to all Americans. The Constitution lists some key rights. Rights are things that all people have just because they are alive. By listing the rights, they are made special. They are made safe. The Bill of Rights is a part of the Constitution. The Bill of Rights lists many rights of the people.
The basis for this concept, begins with the causes of prejudice. While there are many causes that relate to prejudice, the context ...
Diversity in the classrooms will give students access to experience other cultures and learn about one another. The different races effect how varied their backgrounds might be, and it will help the teacher engage a variety of ways to manage course material (Packard, 2017). According to Packard, it is up to the teacher to help spread the learning of diversity and use it to their advantage in their classroom. Throughout the years, diversity have grown in the classrooms, but the struggle of segregation continues.
Pluralism comes from the political system that focuses on shared power among interest groups and competing factions.# A pluralistic society contains groups that have varying interests and backgrounds, including those of ethnic, religious, and political nature.# Differences like these are to be encouraged, with overall political and economic power being maintained. When a number of people, all sharing a common interest are threatened, a group is involuntarily formed in order to defend against competing interests.
By reading on Greenwald’s studies gave the researcher a base ground to start from and draw hypothesis as to what to look for when starting. While continuing with the study it has includes measures, which were “the measure of attitude toward a group should predict behavior favorable or unfavorable to the group; and measures of stereotype of the group should predict stereotype-consistent judgments or behavior toward member of that group” (Oswald, Mitchell, Blanton, Jaccard, &
Aristotle, Locke, and Hobbes all place a great deal of importance on the state of nature and how it relates to the origin of political bodies. Each one, however, has a different conception of what a natural state is, and ultimately, this leads to a different conception of what a government should be, based on this natural state. Aristotle’s feelings on the natural state of man is much different than that of modern philosophers and leads to a construction of government in and of itself; government for Hobbes and Locke is a departure from the natural state of man.
The cultural diversity in society, which is reflected in schools, is forcing schools not to solely rely on content-centered curriculum, but to also incorporate student-centered lesson plans based on critique and inquiry. This requires multicultural education to a dominant part of the school system, not just an extra course or unit. Further, it demands that learning itself no longer be seen as obtaining knowledge but rather, education be seen as creating knowledge. Multicultural education should be seen as affirming the diversity of students and communities, promoting the multicultural ideas of the United States, and building the knowledge and behaviors needed for students to be a positive and contributing member of society and the global community as a whole.
There are many different types of theories on leadership. There is Fiedler’s contingency theory, situational theories of leadership and House’s path-goal theory. These theories are used to make an individual or manager a more effective leader. They can be used as a guide for individuals and help them achieve whatever goal is set out by their organization or group.